浅谈科技活动对大学生科学素养的培养

一、大学生科学素养现状 经国家统计局批准，中国科学技术协会于2003年进行了第五次中国公众科学素养调查。调查显示了不同文化程度公众的科学素养状况。文化程度越高的人群，具备基本科学素养的比例越高。初中、高中或中专、大专和大学及以上文化程度公众具备基本科学素养的比例依次为1．5％、6．2％、10．7％和13．5％。由此可以看出，大专和大学及以上文化程度公众具备基本科学素养仅为13．5％，大学生的科学素养现状不容乐观。具体说来大学生的科学素养现状主要表现为：     

重视与加强大学生科学素养教育

大学生科学素养对于建设社会主义核心价值体系、构建社会主义和谐社会起着重要的作用。由于教育体制、教育活动主体思想认识等方面的原因,目前,我国高校大学生科学素养整体水平不高。从思想上重视科学素养的培养,加强对现行教育体制的改革,对改善我国大学生科学素养不足的现状具有重要的现实意义。     

提高文科类大学生科学素养的必要性及策略探究

科学素养是现代人综合素质的一个重要方面,特别是大学生——国家发展的中坚力量,其科学素养应高于一般公众。调查发现,文科类大学生科学素养现状不容乐观。要改变这种状况,既要对他们的科学素养提出适度要求,而又必须采取一定的策略,这是社会和大学生发展的双向需求。     

文科大学生的科学素养培育探析

社会对高校人才培养模式和人才的知识结构提出了新的要求,高校必须打破“专才”培养模式,重视和加强对文科大学生的科学素养培育。人文社会科学的发展完善、知识经济时代的客观要求、大学生的自我发展需要都体现了文科大学生提高科学素养水平的重要性。要改变文科大学生科学素养水平不高的现状,高校必须转变专业教育理念,改革课程设计体系;提升教师的科学素养;建立开放灵活的教学机制;鼓励学生积极参与科研实践。     

当前大学生的科学素养及其问题分析

大学生作为社会主义建设的主力军,其科学素养水平对我国发展起着举足轻重的作用,综观我国大学生的科学素养状况尚存诸多问题。文章在对我国大学生科学素质现状及其影响因素分析的基础上,提出了针对性应对策略。     

小学生科学素养调查研究——以武汉市光谷第九小学为例

为了解本地区小学生科学素养的现状,本文对武汉市光谷第九小学学生科学素养进行调查。在光谷九小学生科学素养现状的基础上,分析可能影响小学生科学素养水平的一些因素,并提出提高学生科学素养的适当建议,期望对本地区小学生科学素养的研究工作有一定的借鉴意义。     

大学生科学素养现状调查及分析——以重庆某高校为例

以重庆某高校为例调查大学生的科学素养水平,结果显示:学生的科学素养处于较高水平,但同时也显现出一些问题:大学生对高新科学技术知识和科技发展了解较少;对于伪科学及封建迷信的辨别能力不强;对科学研究的理解程度较低;对投身于科学研究的功利取向较强。原因主要是受传统教育体制、性别差异以及大众媒体传播等方面的影响。建议高校通过建设师资队伍、营造科学教育环境、完善科学教育体系三个方面来提升大学生科学素养。     

大学生科学素养和对科学技术态度的调查与分析

通过对部分高校大学生科学素养发展状况的调查发现,大学生科学素养水平明显高于社会平均水平,但存在高新科学技术知识了解较少、科学精神的理解和科学方法的掌握不足、伪科学及封建迷信活动的分析判断能力不强等缺陷.培养大学生科学素养,要重视科学技术基础知识的传授,加强科学方法教育,提高科学研究能力,鼓励学生参与科研实践,要营造良好的科学教育环境.     

浅析科学素养中心在提高大学生科学素养中的作用

大学生科学素养的提高是新时期高校教育改革工作的重要目标和任务。本文阐述了大学生科学素养的涵义,从我国的大学生科学素养的现状出发,分析了高校大学生科学素养中心建设的必要性和作用,并对科学素养中心建设的思路提出了具体的建议。     

后疫情时代大学生科学素养现状实证研究

本文以新冠肺炎疫情中的科学传播为例,通过问卷调查法,探讨大学生群体的科学素养现状,以及社交媒体使用对大学生科学素养的影响。研究发现,大学生群体有较高的科学能力和积极的科学态度,但科学知识方面存在欠缺。研究为了解大学生科学素养现状提供一定的参考依据。     

Social Conversation: Presidents as Educators

The skill set associated with lifelong scientific literacy often includes the ability to decode the content and accuracy of scientific research as presented in the media. However, students often find decoding science in the media difficult, due to limited content knowledge and shifting definitions of accuracy. Faculty have developed a variety of approaches to increasing scientific literacy, but these approaches often miss out on valuable opportunities to teach core information literacy skills, including accessing original scientific research. We describe a scaffolded assignment using news reports that allows students enrolled in a science course for non-majors to learn about the nature of the scientific research literature, the connection between the popular press and the scientific literature, and the accuracy of popular media reporting of science while developing important information literacy skills. Our experience suggests that students develop information literacy skills associated with finding scientific articles using media reports, actively engage in trying to decode scientific articles, and are willing to thoughtfully assess the accuracy of science reporting in the news despite minimal content training. Moreover, students anecdotally report that the skills developed here are portable to decoding media reports from other academic fields of research, especially the social sciences.     

环境科学类大学生创新实验存在的不足及建议

通过分析北京交通大学环境类大学生创新实验在实施过程中存在的不足,提出学生自主选题、教师关键环节把关指导、过程管理等措施,保证大学生在创新实验选题、实验设计和实施的各个阶段充分发挥主观能动性,并培养学生不断探索、不断创新的基本科研素养。     

论地学形象的传播与保护

良好的地球科学形象是重要的学科软实力,塑造、传播和开发地学形象不仅可以提升地学本身的地位、影响和竞争力,且有助于提高大众的地球科学文化素养和防灾减灾意识。应充分利用各种媒体、重大地学事件传播地学形象,增强地学在新媒体的话语权。同时还要注重开发地学形象资源,培育地学形象传播人才,但在媒介发达时代要特别注意保护地学形象免受学术造假和恶意炒作的破坏。     

改革工科地质类专业设置的思考

文章在回顾和总结我国和中国矿业大学地质类专业改革历史的基础上,提出了破除本科地质类理、工学的界限,组建新的跨理、工学科的＂地质信息科学与工程＂大地质类专业的建议,并探索了教育部与高校对该专业及专业方向进行分级管理的一些原则和措施。     

Information literacy in science writing: how students find,identify, and use scientific literature

For undergraduate students to achieve science literacy, they must first develop information literacy skils. These skills align with Information Literacy Standards and include determining appropriate databases, distinguishing among resource types, and citing resources ethically. To effectively improve information literacy and science literacy, we must identify how students interact with authentic scientific texts. In this case study, we addressed this aim by embedding a science librarian into a science writing course, where students wrote a literature review on a research topic of their choice. Library instruction was further integrated through the use of an online guide and outside assistance. To evaluate the evolution of information literacy in our students and provide evidence of student practices, we used task-scaffolded writing assessments, a reflection, and surveys. We found that students improved their ability and confidence in finding research articles using discipline-specific databases as well as their ability to distinguish primary from secondary research articles. We also identified ways students improperly used and cited resources in their writing assignments. While our results reveal a better understanding of how students find and approach scientific research articles, additional research is needed to develop effective strategies to improve long-term information literacy in the sciences.     

学科综合环境下地学本科实践教学建设与改革探索

本文从综合性大学本科教育教学改革背景出发,结合地学本科教育特点,梳理地学本科生创新能力培养实践探索,并思考其存在的问题。     

关于"地球科学概论"的教学指导思想

“地球科学概论”是地质学基础教育的一门启蒙课程,也是对本科生进行素质教育的一门通用基础课程。它不是地球科学的一门分支学科,它重要的作用在于进行科学普及,使学生对地球科学有一个概略的、全面的了解。其教学内容“宜少不宜多”,应大力加强感性认识与现场的教学,努力培养学生的学习兴趣。深入浅出是此课程的主要教学方法。应该以培养地质思维为主,大力加强素质教育,而不是以传授知识、技能为主,也不宜去搞应试教育。对于地质类专业与非地质类专业的“地球科学概论”的教学,它们既有相类似的要求,也有它不同的地方。     

Understanding the Nature of Scientific Enterprise (NOSE) through a Discourse with Its History: The Influence of an Undergraduate ‘History of Science’ Course

An appropriate understanding of the nature of the scientific enterprise (NOSE) is a key element of scientific literacy and can arguably be influenced through an exploration of the history of science. An elective, undergraduate History of Science course was organized in the form of small-group discussion-based inquiries into the history of science from ancient to modern times. Group discussions focused on STATEMENTS OF CRITICAL SIGNIFICANCE (SOCS) prepared by individual students on assigned readings prior to each class meeting. Small-group discussions were followed by a synthesis, facilitated by the instructor, of points raised in SOCS and other ideas central to the reading. The overarching goal of these activities was to help students see the multifaceted nature of the scientific enterprise in the context of social, political, cultural, and religious milieu of the time period and the geographic setting within which specific scientific activities and developments took place. The impact of this course on student understanding of the NOSE was assessed through the use of VIEWS ON SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-SOCIETY (VOSTS) instrument administered as pre- and post-test. Qualitative data regarding student understanding of the NOSE were furnished by the final exam on the NOSE written in the form of SOCS at the end of semester. Results based on four semesters of the course offering indicate modest gains in student understanding of specific aspects of the NOSE. They are discussed, along with the usefulness of small-group, discussion-based inquiries into the history of science as a way of enhancing scientific literacy during undergraduate science education.     

对科学教学实践的思考

本文以问卷调查为基本方法 ,了解中学师生对科学素养概念的认识 ,了解师生对我国现行物理课程及科学教育的评价 ;并对我国科学教学实践进行了思考 ,提出自己的一些观点。