Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this Article: Scott Casper et al., Perspectives on American Book History: Artifacts and Commentaries. Douglas McKnight. Schooling, the Puritan Imperative, and the Molding of an American National Identity: Education's “Errand Into the WiLderness.” Doug Feldmann. Curriclllum and the American Rural School. Gay Pitman Zieger. For the Good of the Children: A Histoy ofthe Boys and Girls Republic. Steve Golin. The Newark Teachers Strikes: Hopes on the Line. Thomas S. Popkewitz, Barry M. Franklin, and Miguel A. Pereyra (eds.). Cultural Hirtury and Education: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Schooling. Elaine Franz Parsons. Manhood Lost: Fallen Drunkards and Redeeming Women in the Nineteenth‐Century United States. Peter N. Stearns. Anxious Parents: A History of Modern Childrearing in America. Robert Halpern. Making Play Work: The Promise of After‐School Programs for Low‐Income Children. Anne Behnke Kinney. Representations of Childhood and Youth in Early China. Xiaomei Chen. Acting the Right Part: Political Theater and Popular Drama in Contemporay China. Jack Boozer. Career Movies: American Business and the Success Mystique. Anthony Harkins. Hillbilly: A Cultural History of An American Icon. Patricia Mazón. Gender and the Modern Research University: The Admission of Women to German Higher Education, 1865–1914. Paul K. Conkin. Peabody College: From a Frontier Academy to the Frontiers of Teaching and Learning. Thomas N. Bonner. Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning. Jared Stallones. Paul Robert Hanna: A Life of Expanding Communities. Judith Hicks Stiehm. The U.S. Army War College: Military Education in a Democracy. Robert Cohen and Reginald E. Zelnik (eds.). The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s. Joy Ann Williamson. Black Power on Campus: The University of Illinois, 1965–1975. Robert Pratt. We Shall Not be Moved: The Desegregation of the University of Georgia. William H. Schneider. Rockefeller Philanthropy and Modern Biomedicine: International Initiatives from World War I to the Cold War. John Schmalzbauer. People of Faith: Religious Conviction in American Journalism and Higher Education. Robert J. Cottrol, Raymond T. Diamond, and Leland B. Ware. Brown v. Board of Education: Caste, Culture, and the Constitution. Gordon E. Harvey. A Question of Justice: New South Governors and Education, 1968–1976.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Julie Armstrong, Susan Edwards, Houston Roberson, and Rhonda Williams, eds. Teaching the American Civil Rights Movement: Freedom's Bittersweet Song .
Cally L. Waite. Permission to Remain Among Us: Education for Blacks in Oberlin, Ohio, 1880–1914 .
David M. Callejo-Perez. Southern Hospitality: Identity, Schools, and the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi, 1964–1972 .
Vivian Gunn Morris and Curtis L. Morris. The Price They Paid: Desegregation in an African American Community .
Winfred E. Pitts. A Victory of Sorts: Desegregation in a Southern Community .
Patterson Toby Graham. A Right to Read: Segregation and Civil Rights in Alabama's Public Libraries, 1900–1965 .
Alexander S. Leidholdt. Editor for Justice: The Life of Louis I. Jaffé .     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this Article:
Victoria Bissell Brown. The Education of Jane Addams: Politics and Culture in Modern America .
Elizabeth N. Agnew. From Charity to Social Work: May E. Richmond and the Creation of an American Profession .
Alice Fahs. The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861–1865 .
Michael S. Foley. Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance during the Vietnam War
Penny Schine Gold. Making the Bible Modern: Children's Bibles and Jewish Education in Twentieth-Century America .
Gerd Horten. Radio Goes To War: The Cultural Politics of Propaganda during World War II .
Clark Kerr. The Gold and the Blue, A Personal Memoir of the University of California, 1949–1967: Political Turmoil .
Ron Miller. Free Schools, Free People: Education and Democracy after the 1960s .
Richard Neumann. Sixties Legacy: A History of the Public Alternative Schools Movement, 1967–2000 .
Steven Mintz. Huck's Raft: A History of American Childhood .
Christopher Newfield. Ivy and Industry: Business and the Making of the American University, 1880–1980 .
Brian Pusser. Burning Down the House: Politics, Governance, and Affirmative Action at the University of California .
Jon Reyhner and Jeanne Eder. American Indian Education: A History .
Darwin H. Stapleton and Donna Heckman Stapleton. Dignity, Discourse, and Destiny: The Life of Courtney C. Smith .
Kim Tolley. The Science Education of American Girls: A Historical Perspective .     

American Indian Imagery and the Miseducation of America

During the past three years, a vast array of institutions charged with protecting the educational welfare of children, including school districts, state education departents, and even the United States Department of Justice, have faced the task of determining the appropriateness of American Indian imagery as the cornerstone of personal, school, and community identity. In this paper, an argument is introduced that the continued use of American Indian sport imagery is symptomatic of a form of cultural illiteracy. A case is further made that these images contribute not only to a hostile culture and classroom climate for American Indians but also serve to miseducate Americans in general about our shared history.     

美国品格证据规则的本土化分析

品格证据规则是英美法系国家的一项重要证据规则,在美国刑事审判中被广泛运用。品格证据作为一种特殊的证据形式,针对不同的诉讼主体,有着特殊的运用规则。文章简要分析品格证据的基本理论及其运用,为美国品格证据规则在我国的本土化构建提供借鉴。     

Current Sociopolitical,Sociocultural, and Sociolinguistic Issues of Latino Immigrants in Julia Álvarez’s Novel How the García Girls Lost Their Accents

The sociopolitical, sociocultural, and sociolinguistic issues many Latino immigrants face as they embark on the process of adjusting to American society have been depicted by many Hispanic American writers in the United States. Julia Álvarez’s How the García Girls Lost Their Accents attempts to raise awareness of these issues through the lives of 4 Dominican sisters who immigrated to the United States in the mid-1950s. In light of Álvarez’s novel, this essay seeks to illustrate how many young Latino immigrants currently strive to fit into American society and struggle to achieve success in a linguistically and culturally foreign environment.     

Exploring the Scholarly Output of Academic Organization Leadership in Criminology and Criminal Justice: A Research Note on Publication Productivity

A number of studies analyzing publication productivity of criminology and criminal justice scholars have emerged in recent years. More specifically, this body of literature applies varied cross‐sectional and longitudinal methodological approaches to demonstrate the publication productivity of scholars. Furthermore, these studies often diverge in their operationalization of the key construct of interest (publication productivity); however, one relative consistency is the list of “elite” criminology and criminal justice journals. This study seeks to explore the elite publication productivity among recent executive board members of the American Society of Criminology and the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences along with the board members of Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences’ regional affiliate associations. Comparisons are made between and within organizations/associations, and individual board member rankings are also presented. The results of this study indicate that publishing in the elite criminology and criminal justice journals is rare and there is variation across organizations/associations and variation among their respective members in the rate of publishing in these elite journals. Suggestions for future research examining publication productivity are also discussed.     

试论罗尔斯对两个正义原则的修正

《正义论》发表后，产生了广泛的学术影响，同时也招致众多的质疑。为了应对这些批评和指责，罗尔斯在《作为公平的正义——正义新论》一书中对两个正义原则重新进行了阐述和论证。文章旨在阐释并简要评析罗尔斯对两个正义原则所作的修正。     

Communication Patterns of African American Girls and Boys from Low-Income, Urban Backgrounds

This study investigated gender effects on the conversational strategies used among 106 African American children ( mean age = 7 years) from urban, low-income family backgrounds. Same- and mixed-gender pairs of children from the same grade level in an inner-city school were provided with toy bear puppets and asked to play together for 5 min. Conversations were coded using Leaper's Psychosocial Processes Coding Scheme, which classifies communication acts as either collaborative, controlling, informing, obliging, or withdrawing. Girls and boys were more similar than different. However, gender-related variations were found. Boys were more likely than girls to use controlling acts and domineering exchanges in same-gender pairs but not in mixed-gender pairs. Girls were more likely than boys to use a combination of collaborative and informing acts. For partner gender effects we found that controlling acts and domineering exchanges were less likely — whereas informing acts were more likely — to take place when children were matched with a girl than when they were matched with a boy. Findings replicate many of the gender effects on communication style reported in a prior study (Leaper, 1991) that used a similar procedure and coding strategy with a sample of middle-income children from mostly European American backgrounds.     

罗尔斯正义原则对我国和谐社会构建的启示

罗尔斯的正义理论集中体现在他的《正义论》、《政治自由主义》和《作为公平的正义——正义新论》等著作中。本文就“两个正义原则”在不同著作中的表述予以评析,并结合我国当前构建和谐社会的实践．分析两个正义原则为我们提供了怎样的理论资源和给予了怎样的启示。     

Book Reviews

Catherine Twomey Fosnot (ed), Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives and Practice.
Basil Bernstein, Pedagogy, Symbolic Control and Identity: Theory, Research, Critique
Robert Jackson, Religious Education, an Interpretive Approach.
Ben Cosin and Margaret Hales (eds), Families, Education and Social Difference.
Gareth Elwyn Jones, The Education of a Nation.
Kamala Nehaul, The Schooling of Children of Caribbean Heritage.
Ann Hodgson and Ken Spours (eds), Dearing and Beyond: 14–19 Qualification, Frameworks and Systems.
Brian Wilcox and John Gray, Inspecting Schools: Holding Schools to Account and Helping Schools to Improve.
Patricia F. Murphy and Caroline V. Gipps (eds), Equity in the Classroom: Towards Effective Pedagogy for Girls and Boys.
Thomas P. Rohlen and Gerald K. LeTendre (eds), Teaching and Learning in Japan.
Alan Ryan, John Dewey and the High Tide of American Liberalism.
Ron Glatter, Philip A. Woods and Carl Bagley (eds), Choice and Diversity to Schooling: Perspectives and Prospects.
Ved Varma (ed), Managing Children with Problems.
Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion and Keith Morrison, A Guide to Teaching Practice.
Andy Hargreaves, Lorna Earl and Jim Ryan, Schooling for Change: Reinventing Education for Early Adolescents
Michael Peters and James Marshall, Individualism and Community: Education and Social Policy in the Postmodern Condition     

美国内战时期萨蒙·P·蔡斯的政治生涯

萨蒙·P·蔡斯,十九世纪美国著名政治家。内战时期出任联邦财政部长,为稳定财政、恢复联邦统一和废除黑奴制作出了贡献。因政治野心过大而声誉受损。1864年被任命为美国最高法院第六任首席大法官。     

Parents' report of vocabulary and grammatical development of African American preschoolers: child and environmental associations

This study examined how child and family factors affect individual differences in the language development of African American children between 18 and 30 months of age. Participants were 87 African American children, primarily from low-income families. Children's vocabulary and grammatical skills were assessed at 18, 24, and 30 months of age using the short form of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (CDI), a standardized parent report tool. Standardized language tests were administered repeatedly between 1 and 3 years of age. Results showed that children's vocabulary and utterance length grew linearly over time between 18 and 30 months of age. Children from more stimulating and responsive homes were reported to have larger vocabularies, to use more irregular nouns and verbs, and to use longer utterances, in addition to having more rapid rates of acquisition of irregular forms and longer utterances over time. Girls used longer utterances than boys and more irregular forms. Girls also had larger vocabularies in a secondary analysis that eliminated children whose parent report of their vocabulary was substantially lower than children's scores on a standardized language test. There are indications that some parents may be under-reporting their children's early vocabulary and grammatical development, with a high proportion of the parents reporting their child's 30 month vocabulary and grammatical development as being at or below the 10th percentile according to the CDI norms.     

Sex Differences on the Dutch WISC‐R: a comparison with the USA and Scotland

Sex differences in the Dutch standardisation sample of the WISC‐R are analysed. The results correspond very closely to the sex differences in the Scottish and American standardisation samples. Boys scored significantly higher on the general intelligence factor and on the verbal and visuospatial factors. Girls scored higher on the perceptual speed/memory factor. There was no effect of age on sex differences. One of the causes for the higher scores for boys on the general and verbal factors is the relatively substantial sex difference on the Information subtest.     

Development of criminal justice as an academic field

Thirty years ago Justice Robert Jackson persuaded the American Bar Foundation to conduct and the Ford Foundation to finance a major empirical study of criminal justice administration. That research demonstrated the importance and complexity of criminal justice and the inadequacy of then current university programs. This new field of criminal justice has demonstrated both strengths and significant weakness. The challenge for the future is to maintain the strengths and eliminate the weaknesses.     

Computer-assisted foreign language learning: Effects of text,context, and gender on listening comprehension and motivation

A computer-based foreign language lesson was developed to study the effects of text, context, and gender on listening comprehension and motivation. A total of 109 fifth grade students responded to spoken commands, with text and a story absent or present. Presenting spoken language with text appeared to assist the development of listening skills. When text was present, students made fewer errors on the subsequent comprehension test and gave higher relevance and confidence motivation ratings than when text was absent. Girls demonstrated higher achievement than did boys and rated the lesson higher, indicating that girls tend to like different kinds of software than do boys. An interaction between context and gender regarding achievement was significant: Girls, but not boys, made fewer errors after a story-embedded lesson.     

Networks,Lobbies and Pressures: Children's Aid Societies and the Adoption of the Canadian Juvenile Delinquents Act of 1908

The Juvenile Delinquents Act of 1908 laid the foundations for the development of juvenile justice in Canada at the same time as similar laws were passed in other European nations and American states. It was adopted by Parliament in spite of opposition from the Justice Minister. Its content reflected the fact that it was conceived and processed through Parliament under the initiative of children's aid societies that wanted to extend to juvenile delinquents protective interventions that had been developed for children in danger. This paper shows how one man who was part of several networks successfully used his associations with children's aid societies, the American child saving movement and Canadian political circles to play a key role in the adoption of the act.     

史义与中国传统历史哲学

从中国传统学术的视阈入手,提出中国历史上对“历史”有一种三分法,即史事、史文、史义,进而指出史义即是中国的历史哲学;同时,本文还认为史义包含有“历史之大义”与“吾心之精义”两部分内容,并认为史义与西方历史哲学存在着一些重大差异。     

Press Rankings in Criminology/Criminal Justice: A Preliminary Assessment of Book Publisher Quality

This research examined press rankings in criminology and criminal justice (C/CJ). Based on a large sample of respondents (N = 812) from the American Society of Criminology and the American Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, the authors solicited quality and familiarity rankings on 81 presses that publish in the area of C/CJ. The research revealed that university presses such as Oxford, Cambridge, University of Chicago, and Harvard University dominated the quality rankings. On the other hand, commercial academic presses such as McGraw‐Hill, Sage, and Prentice‐Hall dominated the familiarity rankings. Commercial academic presses including Prentice‐Hall and Sage were the presses most desired by scholars for future book publishing plans. The authors also discuss the significance of the findings for faculty in C/CJ.     

罗尔斯的“差别原则”及其当代意义

平等与自由密不可分,但在实际社会生活中却往往是矛盾的。罗尔斯致力于正义理论的建立,正是为了探寻缓和、解决这对矛盾的良方。他的思想深深植根于美国现代社会经济政治生活之中。他提出“差别原则”,是为了给现代民主社会经济财富和收入分配提供一种应当遵循的规定和原则。罗尔斯的正义理论特别是“差别原则”,对于我国加强制度建设,促进社会和谐,具有重要的借鉴意义。