Dopaminerge Modulation striataler Plastizität

This article attempts to outline the neuronal foundations of movement automatization. In particular, it is shown that an increase in automaticity corresponds to processes of synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal and corticocortical system. This mechanism is supposed to induce changes in the neuronal representations of the respective skill. Furthermore, the role of phasic dopamine release will be discussed with respect to its modulating effect on processes of plasticity.     

Die Konstruktvalidität des Allgemeinen Sportmotorischen Tests für Kinder

Whereas numerous studies have confirmed the objectivity and reliability of the “ Allgemeine Sportmotorische Test für Kinder” (AST, a general motor fitness and coordination test for children), examinations of its construct validity reveal that: (1) the few available findings fail to confirm the theoretically predicted distinction between the latent variables of condition and coordination, and (2) no studies so far have examined its item homogeneity, even though the test recommends computing a sum score to provide a general estimate of motor fitness. Confirmatory factor analyses show that the two latent variables condition and coordination cannot be extracted from the AST. Models with different latent variables also cannot be confirmed, too. Analyses based on IRT models, in contrast, reveal that one can distinguish between two qualitative classes of persons who are associated with either better running performance combined with lower throwing performance or better throwing performance combined with lower running performance. Nonetheless, it should be noted that class membership does not remain constant over time. In sum, results based on classical and probabilistic test theory negate the ability assumption underlying the AST. For practical assessments of a skill-specific performance, this means that it only seems justifiable to use a sum score for the locomotion items and a sum score for the object manipulation items.     

Sport für alle, Sport für manche

The article analyses relations between changing notions of sports and social stratification in sport activities. Current empirical research indicates an increased participation of formerly underrepresented groups, especially women and older people. However, the results of a study show that this is not the case in the traditional contest-orientated model of sports which is still structured by typical differences of age and gender. Furthermore, the traditional notion of sports as a contest is especially pronounced in the less active, lower social strata. A polarity between a rather open “sport for all” and a partly exclusive, traditional, contest-orientated model of sports becomes apparent. As a consequence, research on social stratification in sports should focus on qualitative differences in sports activity.     

Berufsethische Grundsätze für Sportwissenschaftler/innen in wissenschaftsethischer Sicht

The Code of professional ethics for sports scientists represents a code of behaviour that is based on a philosophical-ethical discussion with a long tradition in the Western hemisphere, even though this has not been expressed explicitly. The intention of this paper is to outline the philosophical background of the Code. This analysis will be done first from a historical perspective of professional ethics. It comprises (1) the Age of Enlightenment with Kant’s notion of truth as a central point, the subsequent differentiation into (2) inherent responsibility of scientific research and (3) Weber’s ethics of responsibility as well as (4) the current supplementation of an institutional besides the individual responsibility. In a second step of analysis the Code will be discussed from a systematic perspective of ethical issues. The main aspects in this context are the bearer, the object and the legitimation of responsibility. The analysis shows that the Code of professional ethics for sports scientists has a broad philosophical foundation.     

„Studenten fliegen“ – die Abteilung für Luftfahrt am Hochschulinstitut für Leibesübungen der Philipps-Universität Marburg (1934–1945)

“Flying,” said curator Ernst von Hülsen in 1936, “needs to become a matter for the whole German people and the universities must go ahead in action.” Together with Peter Jaeck, the director of the Institute for Physical Education, he expanded Marburg to one of the leading German universities in gliding. The special development in Marburg, such as the gliding training of gymnastic teachers and the aviation-related research of other university institutes, is presented within the background of the general gliding development during the period of National Socialism.     

eSport: Vom Präfix zum Thema für den organisierten Sport!?

In an increasingly differentiated culture of movement, play and sport as well as a more and more digitized society, the topic of eSports has been intensively discussed in recent time. The objective-categorical basics of the discussion seem to be clear only at first sight. A closer look points to the need of a differentiated cross-disciplinary discussion of the topic. It becomes clear that above all the underlying understanding of sport, the content-related demarcation as well as the social positioning contribute decisively to the perception of eSport (approval/rejection). The present article takes up the discussion with reference to the heterogeneity, heteronomy and complexity of sports and provides an alternative interpretive idea on the topic.     

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