社会转型时期的大学生人生设计

社会转型向大学生提出了全面的挑战,大学生要加快社会化步伐,提高社会化水平,优化知识结构,提升能力素质,培养良好心理素质,抗击社会生活压力,树立竞争意识、效率意识,锤炼开拓创新精神,增强婚姻家庭责任感。大学生制订人生设计方案,指导自己的人生实践活动,策划人生资源的深度开发,有助于自觉地实现人生价值。人生设计要重点考虑培养社会环境适应能力、职业活动适应能力、人际交往沟通能力、心理与家庭生活调适能力等。人生资源的深度开发,应充分挖掘先天禀赋,优化心理素质,培养坚韧意志,保持积极的人生态度,营造良好人际关系,努力把学识转化为创新能力。     

论教师对学生的理解

教师对学生的理解是教育和发展学生的第一要素，是实现教育效能、促进学生心理健康等的基础和手段，是教师智慧与德行的融合，它有着丰富的内涵。提高教师德行与个性修养、对学生生活的全方位关注、确立师生之间的对话关系等，是提高教师对学生理解力的重要途径。     

高职院校开展美育教学的目的与作用

在高职院校开展美育教学是贯彻党的教育方针的重要环节,是以美陶情,健全人格,促进学生全面健康发展;以美导善,寓教于乐,提高学生思想道德素质;以美启智,激发潜能,提升学生的智力水平;以美助健,怡心健体,促进学生身心健康的重要教学活动。     

浅谈大学新生心理问题及其教育引导

大学生的适应主要是指环境适应和学习适应。对环境和学习的良好的适应能力可以让新生更快地融入环境，找准定位，安心学习，从而在同一起跑线上取得有利的位置。要教育引导大学新生，正确评价自我，重建自信心、树立新目标，尽快掌握适应大学学习和生活的方法，建立良好的人际关系，提高生活自理能力，加强心理知识教育，学校要对其提供心理咨询服务。     

大学生心理需求、自我效能与网络成瘾的关系研究

为了探讨大学生心理需求、网络控制自我效能与网络成瘾行为的关系,选取五所大学的1183名学生为被试进行研究.采用的问卷有中文网络成瘾量表、大学生心理需求网络满足问卷、网络控制自我效能问卷.研究发现:心理需求现实满足、心理需求网络满足与大学生网络成瘾显著相关;心理需求现实满足对大学生网络成瘾行为有负向的预测作用,而对心理需求网络满足有正向预测作用;网络控制自我效能是心理需求现实满足与网络成瘾的中介变量,而非心理需求网络满足与网络成瘾的中介变量.研究结果对大学生网络成瘾的预防和干预具有一定的意义.     

服装选择，儿童教育的契机

儿童在成长的过程中,会逐渐形成自己的主观意识,也会与父母形成代沟。作为父母,能够放手让孩子在诸如选择自己喜爱的服装上采取一定的自主权利,无论是在培养孩子的审美观、判断力以及和父母良好的沟通行为上都大有裨益。所以,对于赋予孩子自主选择服装的权力,实际上是一个很好的儿童教育的契机。     

Old friends, new friends: predictors of children's perspective on their friends at school

Predictors of 5-year-old kindergartners' insights into their friends, and their accounts of liking and conflict with their friends were investigated, with a focus on both the children's and their friends' social understanding during the preschool period, and the quality of their preschool friendships. Seventy children initially studied at 4 years utilizing social cognition tasks and observations of dyadic play with their friends were followed over the transition to school; at school they were interviewed about their friendships and their social understanding was assessed. One group had remained close to their preschool friends, whereas a second group had formed new friendships. Social understanding, language abilities, and prosocial characteristics of both the children and preschool friends, their successful communication and shared pretend play experiences during the preschool period, and their mothers' educational level were related to their perspectives on their current school friends. Liking of current friends was linked to relationship history and maternal educational level for both those with old and with new friends, whereas insight was related to assessments of social cognition.     

对死生的探求与抉择——嵇康和阮籍生死意识之比较

面对死亡枕藉的现实历史境遇,阮籍、嵇康对死生进行着痛苦的思考与探寻,突显出他们浓烈的生死意识。在死亡的观照下,阮籍以对现实的激烈批判、否定,甚而走向幻灭的人生,但最终难以摆脱现实生命的沉重：嵇康以对现实的抨击反抗却犹肯定人生,希图在自然的怀抱中寻求闲适自得的人生,却以生命的被戕杀为代价,两者无疑都是不幸的。但两者由于其家庭背景、思想和人格追求等互有同异,他们对死生的探求与抉择亦是互有异同的,这主要表现在三个方面：一是触目伤心的死生浩叹;二是对本体生命的眷恋和对现实人生的执著;三是对个体生命有限性的超越。     

What College Students Wish They Could Tell Their Parents

To understand the problems college students have with their parents, 71 undergraduates were asked to assess their parents' expectations of them, their expectation of their parents, and the quality of their family communication. The author found that 49% of the surveyed college students felt their parents' expectations of them were too high and 10% felt their parents had too low an expectation of them. Actualy student comments and viewpoints regarding their parents are presented, along with follow-up questions to help parents assess their expectations of their college-age children.     

Academics’ experiences of understanding of their subject matter and the relationship of this to their experiences of teaching and learning

In this paper we focus on the issue of how academic staff experience the understanding of their subject matter and the relationship of this understanding to their experience of teaching. In recent years there has been a substantial amount of research into how academic staff conceive of teaching and learning, how they approach their teaching, and how their approaches to teaching relate to how their students approach their learning. In our present project this research is being extended by looking at the way 31 academics from four broad fields of study experience their understanding of their subject matter and how this relates to the way they experience their teaching. Using a phenomenographic approach we show that academics who experience their subject matter in atomistic and less integrated ways experience their teaching in more information transmission and teacher-focused ways, while those with a more integrated and holistic experience of understanding their subject experience their teaching in more conceptual change and student-focused ways.in final form: 9 September 2004     

特殊教育何以关涉特殊儿童生活

特殊教育价值必然存在于特殊儿童生活的目的性之中。特殊儿童独特的生活意义就是在补偿缺陷这一现实生活事实之中展现着生命存在,又在超越缺陷这一可能生活的理想之中生成自我完善、创造的无限意义。特殊教育具有对特殊儿童现实生活匮乏性的补偿、改造和批判引领作用,以及超越缺陷、敞开无限发展潜能的终极关切价值。特殊教育对特殊儿童生活的影响主要是基于教育主体间对生活意义的精神关怀关系,要遵循意义世界自我内在生成和建构的逻辑,通过对特殊儿童特殊需要的引导和满足,促进他们自我选择和设计、创造可能生活。     

废止与剥夺：“文革”期间的版权现象

文革期间的版权现象主要是废止与剥夺,它体现在有的作者的生存权利被剥夺;许多作者的作品所有权被剥夺;有些作者的创作权被剥夺;一些作家作品的发表权被剥夺;大多数作者的署名权被剥夺;大多数作者的报酬权被剥夺;一些作者对作品的改编权和修改权被侵害;一些作品的转载权被剥夺等方面。     

青年馆员职业生涯忧患探析

从工作环境、工作前途、工作社会认知度、继续教育、职称晋升及收入待遇等方面对青年馆员职业忧患进行了分析。并从青年馆员自身和图书馆两方面提出了消除职业生涯忧患的对策和建议：青年馆员要矫正心态、正确面对当前的工作,干一行爱一行,正确设计个人职业生涯规划;图书馆要努力稳定青年馆员工作队伍,关心青年馆员的成长,制定科学的制度以保障青年馆员的发展。     

从《金瓶梅》看古代婢女的婚姻状态

《金瓶梅》以写实的笔法,塑造了一批丫鬟形象,揭示了她们的悲剧命运,同时还在一定程度上反映了她们的婚姻状况。婢女被视为主人的私有财产,主人可以随意奸占,同时其婚配也完全由家主决定,即使被收为妾也不能彻底改变自己的地位。由于正常的婚配权得不到满足,婢女心存不满,往往会借出轨行为来满足自己的欲望。随着婢女买卖的合法化,婢女的生存环境更加恶化,她们的婚配更加困难。     

Mother-Child Play: Sequential Interactions and the Relation between Maternal Beliefs and Behaviors

This investigation of mother and toddler play had 2 goals. The primary goal was to examine the types of play mothers introduce in direct response to their toddlers' play. A secondary and exploratory goal was to examine the relation between maternal knowledge about child play and actual maternal play behaviors. 50 mothers and their 21-month-old toddlers were observed at home during free play. Mother and child exploratory, nonsymbolic, and symbolic play were coded. Sequential analyses revealed that mothers adjusted their play to their children's play level by responding to their children with play that was either at the same level or at a higher level than their children's play. Furthermore, mothers who were more knowledgeable about early play development more often responded to their children's play by introducing higher level play. These findings suggest that mothers tend to play with their toddlers in ways that might promote their child's development, and that mothers with more knowledge about play development provide their children with appropriately challenging play interactions.     

Enhancing microteaching through additional feedback from preservice administrators

Two university professors integrate their courses to allow students to collaborate with each other in practicing new skills. The preservice administrators provide additional feedback to the preservice teachers on their microteaching while practicing their supervision skills. The data collected over 3 years from the preservice teachers enrolled in their first teaching methods course demonstrate that the preservice teachers were assisted with their transition into teaching. From the feedback they learned about their teaching skills, they found experienced teachers and the process of supervision as valuable to their professional growth, and shifted their perceptions of teaching.     

幼儿的自信心培养问题浅论

3-5岁是个体人格形成的关键时期,持久受到同伴欺负的幼儿如果缺乏必要的保护自己的能力,将会对幼儿人格特质的形成产生极大影响,严重时会影响到幼儿的身心健康。培养幼儿的自信心、提高幼儿独立解决问题的能力,无疑对幼儿的成长是至关重要的。     

Korean Adoptees’ Discursive Construction of Birth Family and Adoptive Family Identity Through Names and Labels

Framed by a social constructionist approach to language, this study explored Korean adoptees’ naming and labeling practices for members of their birth family and the motives underlying these choices. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 Korean adoptees who had reunited with at least one member of their birth family. Participants discussed how they addressed (named) and referred to (labeled) members of their birth family, and explained why these names and labels were used. Most participants used Korean terms of address (e.g., ??: omma for mother, ??: appa for father) to address members of their birth family. Other participants used labels from their own “native” (i.e., their adopted country’s) language, avoided addressing their birth parents, or, occasionally, used their birth parent’s first name. Participants tended to refer to their birth families as their birth/biological family, or Korean family; however, some participants stated that their terms of reference depended on context. Participants’ naming choices reflected three main motives: an appeal to family identity (relative closeness to their birth or adoptive family), an appeal to outsiders (to protect the feelings of their adoptive family), and an appeal to pragmatism (for clarity). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

近代江南烈女现象成因探析基于家庭关系的考察

家庭关系是近代江南烈女现象依旧存在的重要原因。无论婚配与否,女性能通过某些特定的方式与丈夫产生深厚的感情,她们为救治丈夫不惜牺牲自己,丈夫的去世对她们的打击极为沉重,为了追随丈夫于地下,她们选择殉夫;某些亲属单薄且无子嗣的女子在丈夫去世后失去了生活的依靠和希望,殉夫便成了她们无奈的选择。然而,更多的女性是被逼迫而死,娘家或夫家令其改嫁违背了其"不适二夫"的志向;家庭成员的凌辱让其饱受失节的威胁和心灵的伤害,自杀反而成了她们守护贞节的武器和最后的解脱。     

高校特困生政治思想工作探究

高校特困生是高校学生中的弱势群体，由于家庭的经济困难而导致他们在思想和行为以及心理等方面出现的问题对学习和成长带来了一定的消极影响，所以，我们在帮助他们解困的同时，还应关注他们的思想和行为变化，通过提高认识、加强引导、严格管理、弘扬正气、诚信教育等方面有针对性地做好他们的思想政治工作，确保他们在校期间能使康的成长。