高中生的大学升学抱负和升学选择--兼论其他社会经济因素的影响

根据对安徽省和上海市高中3年级学生的抽样问卷调查分析,结果表明,升学和就业选择不受大学升学抱负安定性的影响,但是本科和专科选择受升学抱负变化的影响,升学抱负形成越早,越有可能到本科院校学习。     

Epistemological beliefs,school achievement,and college major: A large-scale longitudinal study on the impact of certainty beliefs

Epistemological beliefs are subjective theories on the structure and acquisition of knowledge. Using data collected in the final year of high school (Time 1) and early in the college career (Time 2) as part of a large-scale longitudinal study, we examined the relationship of beliefs in the certainty of knowledge with school achievement and choice of college majors in Germany. In line with our hypothesis, students high on certainty beliefs showed lower school achievement at Time 1, even when controlling for indicators of intelligence and family background. Certainty beliefs also predicted the choice of future fields of study at college (self-selection hypothesis) and were shaped by enrolment in specific fields of study at college (socialization hypothesis).     

Pricing policy and the college choice process

Following the presentation of a marketing management paradigm for higher educational institutions, this paper discuses some aspects of the pricing policy process in colleges and universities. A statistical model of the college choice process is developed, and some empirical results related to the effects of price, among other factors, on the collegechoice decision-making behavior process of high school seniors are presented and interpreted. The two most important factors affecting the college choice process are seen to be college quality and price-related considerations. Marketing implications of these results are discussed.Presented at the Annual Forum of the Association For Institutional Research, Houston, Texas, May 1978.     

Information,college decisions and financial aid: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in China

Past studies find that disadvantaged students in the United States are often misinformed about college costs and financial aid opportunities and thus may make sub-optimal decisions regarding college. This information problem may be even more serious in developing countries. We therefore conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of providing information on college costs and financial aid to high school students in poor regions of northwest China. We find that information increases the likelihood that students receive some types of financial aid. Information also positively affects the choice to attend college but does not seem to affect more specific college choices.     

联合办学与合作教育——建立与就业岗位紧密联系的办学模式的探讨

实现职业教育与企业的合作，是职业教育生存和发展的正确选择。为此，应借鉴国外先进的办学经验，加大职业教育岗位化实训力度，努力创办适合中国国情的职业教育办学模式。     

Parental and planning influences on the formation of student college choice sets

This study examines a model of college choice by parents on behalf of their eighth-grade children. A sample of 931 Illinois parents nominated 154 identifiable institutions in a 1986 survey. Multivariate multiple regression is used to predict preferred institutional characteristics, including selectivity, highest degree offering, proximity, enrollment, and tuition. Results indicate that socioeconomic, familial, and college planning characteristics explain 35 percent of the variance in selectivity of colleges in the choice sets, with lesser (but significant) percentages of explained variance for the other institutional characteristics. These parental college nominations parallel previously reported matriculation behaviors.     

论学校职业指导的错位与纠正

时至今日,学校、政府、社会成为承担职业指导工作的主要三方,面对不同的服务对象,他们的任务各有侧重。但是学校职业指导并没有充分发挥它的优势和作用。笔者结合毕业生就业问题的深层原因,提出学校职业指导应定位于学生职业观、主体意识和择业能力的培养。     

How do young people choose college majors?

Previous studies on the determinants of the choice of college major have assumed a constant probability of success across majors or a constant earnings stream across majors. Our model disregards these two restrictive assumptions in computing an idiosyncratic expected earnings variable to explain the probability that a student will choose a specific major among four choices of concentrations. The construction of an expected earnings variable requires information on the student's perceived probability of success, the predicted earnings of graduates in all majors and the student's expected earnings if he (she) fails to complete a college program. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we evaluate the chances of success in all majors for all the individuals in the sample. Second, the individuals' predicted earnings of graduates in all majors are obtained using Rumberger and Thomas's [Econ. Educ. Rev. 12 (1993) 1] regression estimates from a 1987 Survey of Recent College Graduates. Third, we obtain idiosyncratic estimates of earnings alternative of not attending college or by dropping out with a condition derived from our college major decision-making model applied to our sample of college students. Finally, with a mixed multinomial logit and probit models and an heteroscedastic extreme value model, we explain the individuals' choice of a major. The results of the paper show that the expected earnings variable is essential in the choice of a college major. There are, however, significant differences in the impact of expected earnings by gender and race.     

New findings on the links between college education and work

This article utilizes data from two surveys of college graduates to addres the issue of the value of postsecondary education in the labor market. In considering income, relation of job to college major, and job satisfaction, it concludes that underemployment and job dissatisfaction are less pervasive than many researchers would have us believe. Differences by sex are also considered. Given a choice of whether or not to attend college, it seems clear that the decision to attend is the wise one. And one way to maximize potential job-related benefits is to be judicious in choice of major. Students apparently are of this advice and are acting accordingly.     

Field of study choice by community college students in Canada

Community college education is a key component of Canadian postsecondary education, with 21% of the population aged 25–64 having college credentials. In order to understand educational decisions at this level, we estimate a model of choice of field of study and analyze, among other things, the effect of earnings on this choice. In this way, we exploit two cross-sections (and cohorts) of young workers who completed community college (Cegeps in Quebec) in 1990 and 1995 from the Canadian National Graduate Survey. Structural estimates indicate that the probability of selecting a specific community college field of study depends significantly upon anticipated earnings in this field relative to other fields. Our results also show that women put less weight on earnings compared to men when choosing a field of study, and that students who were employed prior to starting community college are more sensitive to earnings variations across fields of study than students with no prior work experience.     

高校专业对就业率和薪资的影响分析

本文采用麦可思研究院连续三年对中国应届大学毕业生求职与工作能力的调查数据,从本科、高职高专专业大类和主要专业小类着眼分析专业对毕业生毕业半年后就业率和薪资的影响。本文认为,就业率和薪资的影响差距并不是专业之问的教育水平差异造成的,而是受市场供求关系的影响。通过专业的结构性调整即减少失业严重的专业的招生数量,可以有效地提高大学毕业生的就业率。     

高校辅导员如何胜任大学生心理辅导

心理辅导的胜任特征是高校辅导员履行大学生心理健康教育职能的关键因素。当前高校辅导员应具备的心理辅导胜任特征在知识、技能、自我概念、特质和动机五个方面都有其特殊的要求。由于心理辅导胜任特征良莠不齐的缘故,目前高校辅导员履行大学生心理辅导职能的状况并不理想。我们建议从完善选聘机制、加大培训力度和强化绩效管理几个方面采取有效措施改善高校辅导员的心理辅导胜任特征。     

高校思想政治理论课教学方法的调查与思考

高校思想政治理论课的特殊性导致了教师不太注重对教学方法的选择,仅习惯于采用讲授的方式授课。因此,进一步提升思想政治理论课教学效果的途径之一,是在各种教学方法的合理选择及有效运用上下功夫。     

创新大学生党员教育工作的思考

在新形势下,创新大学生党员教育工作是加强高校党建工作的现实需要,也是提高大学生党员素质的内在要求,更是增强大学生党员教育实效性的必然选择。为创新大学生党员教育工作,高校党建必须从创新教育平台、创新教育内容和形式、创新教育队伍机制三方面深入思考和探索实践。     

The effects of the Kalamazoo Promise on college choice

On November 10, 2005, then Superintendent of the Kalamazoo Public School System, Janice Brown announced—to the surprise of Kalamazoo’s residents—the beginning of the Kalamazoo Promise. Fully funded by a set of anonymous donors, the Kalamazoo Promise is an urban revitalization program that offers up to four years of free tuition to any public college or university in the state of Michigan for graduates of the Kalamazoo Public School system who meet certain eligibility criteria. Using the subsidy as a source of exogenous variation in the price of college, we use quasi-experimental methods to evaluate the impact of the subsidy on college choice. We find that the Kalamazoo Promise increases the likelihood that students from Kalamazoo Public Schools consider public institutions in Michigan. In addition, we find that the Kalamazoo Promise especially impacts the college choice set of students from families who earn less than $50,000 in annual income.     

Expectations for college and student persistence

Tinto postulates that students enter college with expectations. If these expectations are unmet, there is early disenchantment with the social and academic communities. Such disenchantments hinder academic and social integration which, in turn, influence subsequent institutional and goal commitments and ultimately student departure. These formulations are tested in a multi-institutional study of 263 first-time freshmen who entered four-year colleges and universities. The findings indicate that both academic and social integration are positively influenced by the meeting of expectations for academic and career development. Social integration is positively influenced by expectations for opportunities for personal involvement, but negatively affected by expectations for a collegiate atmosphere. Indirect effects on intentions to remain in the focal college are indirectly influenced by collegiate atmosphere and academic and career development. Implications for enrollment management and the development of linkages between theories of college choice and student departure are drawn.An earlier version of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta, GA, April 12–16, 1993.     

Why learning environment matters? An analysis on how the learning environment influences the academic motivation,learning strategies and engagement of college students

Learning Environments Research - The current work focused on how the learning environment of college students influenced their academic motivation, choice of learning strategies, and level of...     

College-major choice to college-then-major choice: Experimental evidence from Chinese college admissions reforms

One of the most important mechanism design policies in college admissions is to let students choose a college major sequentially (college-then-major choice) or jointly (college-major choice). In the context of the Chinese meta-major reforms that transition from college-major choice to college-then-major choice, we provide the first experimental evidence on the information frictions and heterogeneous preferences that students have in their response to the meta-major option. In a randomized experiment with a nationwide sample of 11,424 high school graduates, we find that providing information on the benefits of a meta-major significantly increased students’ willingness to choose the meta-major; however, information about specific majors and assignment mechanisms did not affect students major choice preferences. We also find that information provision mostly affected the preferences of students who were from disadvantaged backgrounds, lacked accurate information, did not have clear major preferences, or were risk loving.     

Differences in family influences on college attendance plans for male and female ninth graders

This study examined a model of college student choice for male and female ninth graders using LISREL. A sample of 703 male students and 718 female students and their parents responded to two sets of questionnaires regarding high school experiences and expectations about college. Endogenous variables examined included parents' expectation regarding higher education for their children, parents' savings for college, students' discussion of college with their parents, and students' aspiration for postsecondary education. The model explained 30.8% of the variance in students' aspiration for males and 36.8% for females. Final empirical models for the two groups suggested that there may be subtle differences in family influence on male and female students' college-going plans.