互联网背景下平台型商业模式价值创造分析

互联网环境下的平台型商业模式在越来越多的领域得到应用。本文采用案例研究方法旨在探讨互联网背景下平台型商业模式的价值创造逻辑。聚焦互联网平台商业模式的构成模块及模块关系,构建了平台型商业模式价值创造的网络模型,并利用该模型研究阿里巴巴集团三个发展阶段的价值创造逻辑。研究表明：平台参与者在数量、类型、覆盖区域等方面的增长对平台价值提升有正向促进作用;对外部需求的动态响应有助于平台创造新价值;平台核心支撑性业务的发展要与时俱进;以互联网平台为基础的范围经济能够从多个方面驱动平台价值创造。     

Elicitation of situated values: need for tools to help stakeholders and designers to reflect and communicate

Explicitly considering human values in the design process of socio-technical systems has become a responsibility of designers. It is, however, challenging to design for values because (1) relevant values must be identified and communicated between all stakeholders and designers and (2) stakeholders?? values differ and trade-offs must be made. We focus on the first aspect, which requires elicitation of stakeholders?? situated values, i.e. values relevant to a specific real life context. Available techniques to elicit knowledge and requirements from stakeholders lack in providing the context and means for reflection needed to elicit situated values as well as an explicit concept of value. In this paper we present our design of a tool to support active elicitation of stakeholders?? values and communication between stakeholders and designers. We conducted an exploratory user study in which we compared the suitability of methods used in social sciences for (1) eliciting situated values, (2) supporting people??s expressions of values and (3) being implemented in value elicitation tool. Based on the outcomes we propose a design for a value elicitation tool that consists of a mobile application used by stakeholders for data collection and in-situ self-reflection, and a website used collaboratively by designers and stakeholders to analyse and communicate values. Discussion focuses on contributions to value sensitive design.     

Exploiting Open Data to analyze discussion and controversy in online citizen participation

In this paper we propose a computational approach that applies data mining techniques to analyze the citizen participation recorded in an online digital platform. Differently to previous work, the approach exploits external knowledge extracted from Open Government Data for processing the citizens’ proposals and debates of the platform, enabling to characterize targeted issues and problems, and analyze the levels of discussion, support and controversy raised by the proposals. As a result of our analysis, we derive a number of insights and conclusions of interest and value for both citizens and government stakeholders in decision and policy making tasks. Among others, we show that proposals targeting issues that affect large majorities tend to be supported by citizens and ultimately implemented by the city council, but leave aside other very important issues affecting minority groups. Our study reveals that most controversial, likely relevant, problems do not always receive sufficient attention in e-participation. Moreover, it identifies several types of controversy, related to ideological and socioeconomic factors and political attitudes.     

Institutional complementarities: The origins of experimentation in China’s plug-in electric vehicle industry

A vast literature on technology transitions within industries suggests that early phases of new technologies are marked by periods of intense experimentation, but we know little about the conditions under which these periods emerge. We apply inductive, grounded theory-building techniques to examine what prompts firms to experiment across one emerging technology platform—plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)—in China. Triangulating annual vehicle make and model sales data from 2003 to 2016 (plus monthly data from 2010 to 2016); 112 English and Mandarin archival documents from industry, academic, and news outlets; and 51 semi-structured interviews with industry, government, and academic stakeholders, we develop four in-depth case studies. We find that in contrast to the innovation trajectories of multinational and Chinese arms of joint venture (JV) firms, independent domestic Chinese firms (those with no history of international JV partnerships) are undertaking significant experimentation across multiple levels—infrastructure, core system, subsystem, and component—of the emerging PEV technology platform. We propose the concept of “institutional complementarities” to describe how interactions among institutions—here the national JV regulation and local market support and subsidies—may have turned regional markets into protected laboratories, extending the incubation periods for independent domestic firm experimentation. While this diverse experimentation may be an important antecedent of technology transition, consolidation induced by national policy standardization or competitive pressure may be required for PEV innovations to scale beyond their early, protected regional markets.     

数字共享经济平台价值共创的伦理探析

数字共享经济平台作为共享经济的数字载体,随着网络信息与大数据技术的发展已迅速成为多用户价值共创的平台,改变着人们建立经济、道德等价值关系的方式。与此同时平台所涉及隐私安全、大数据杀熟、虚假销售等伦理问题亦成为当下社会的焦点。对数字共享经济平台价值共创进行价值哲学分析,厘清价值共创类型的伦理内涵,确立平台共同体的道德自由空间并建构平台的超规范伦理体系以此促进其利益相关者信任关系的稳定,旨在维护数字共享经济平台价值共创的互信、公正与可持续。     

网络众包模式的协同自组织创新效应分析

网络众包(Crowdsourcing)模式开启了微观个体参与创新的时代,突显了大众智慧的商业价值,通过移动互联端到端的连接方式搭建了大众参与的创新平台,实现了协同自组织的新型网络工作环境。本文通过与传统组织形式的比较,基于"RPV模型"(Resource,Process,Value)理论的组织特点,分析了网络众包模式中互补共生的运营方式和基于知识服务的协同自组织过程,使个体在协同创新的系统中找到参与的位置,通过系统协调形成多目标经济活动的次优组合,并探讨分析了个体与利益相关者如何通过协同的方式和途径创造群体价值,实现"产消合一"的服务体系,塑造众包数字化生存和信息时代全新的工作形态。     

The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress,challenges and key themes

The emergence of novel and powerful digital technologies, digital platforms and digital infrastructures has transformed innovation and entrepreneurship in significant ways. Beyond simply opening new opportunities for innovators and entrepreneurs, digital technologies have broader implications for value creation and value capture. Research aimed at understanding the digital transformation of the economy needs to incorporate multiple and cross-levels of analysis, embrace ideas and concepts from multiple fields/disciplines, and explicitly acknowledge the role of digital technologies in transforming organizations and social relationships. To help realize this research agenda, we identify three key themes related to digitization—openness, affordances, and generativity—and, outline broad research issues relating to each. We suggest that such themes that are innate to digital technologies could serve as a common conceptual platform that allows for connections between issues at different levels as well as the integration of ideas from different disciplines/areas. We then summarize the contributions of the 11 papers presented in this Special Issue relating them to one or more of these themes and outlining their implications for future research.     

数字图书馆服务平台功能需求分析

【目的/意义】顺应泛网络条件下数字阅读和文献检索与利用的新情况,实现国人共享数字资源,是数字图书馆创新发展和提高中华文化软实力的重要路径。【方法/过程】分别基于数字图书馆的服务理念、服务动机以及用户信息行为新特征,对数字图书馆服务平台的功能需求进行深入分析。【结果/结论】此分析为"构建国家云图书馆"服务平台建设提供参考,可以推动数字图书馆服务平台建设、信息服务等研究向纵深发展。     

WSR视域下我国政府数据开放价值实现模式研究*

摘要：[目的/意义]为进一步提高政府数据开放的水平，有必要探究影响政府数据开放价值的驱动因素，激发和释放政府数据价值活力和潜能，助力数字经济持续增长和提高政府部门数据服务能力。[方法/过程]从WSR视域下构建影响政府数据开放价值实现的分析框架，涵盖价值主张、价值管理至价值增值的全过程，运用模糊集定性比较分析我国20个省级地方政府数据开放价值实现模式。[结果/结论]研究发现，我国政府数据开放价值形成存在3种组合路径，分别为政府主导下的三理并举型、政企协同驱动下的技术管理型、开放者能力缺失下的组织保障型。未来对于需要进一步突出人理要素中其他利益相关者的价值作用，提出可发挥要素协同效应，采取差异化策略，构建良好的开放生态中推动数据开放价值的实现。     

利益相关者环保导向能促进绿色创新吗？——一个被调节的中介效应模型

   资源型企业因其高污染、高能耗特征而面临来自内外部环境的压力,绿色创新则是资源型企业响应利益相关者环保导向,从源头上助力企业节能减排,解决环境污染问题的良方。研究利用423家资源型企业调研数据,采用层级回归法探讨了利益相关者环保导向对企业绿色创新的影响机制。结果发现：利益相关者环保导向（内、外部利益相关者环保导向）对资源型企业绿色创新有积极影响,组织环境文化在二者关系中起部分中介作用;绿色组织认同正向调节组织环境文化与绿色创新之间的关系,并正向调节利益相关者环保导向通过组织环境文化影响绿色创新的间接效应。研究结果不仅拓展了企业社会责任理论体系,也为推进资源型企业绿色创新提供了新视角。     

基于平台经济的数字内容产业协同创新动力机制研究

依据平台经济理论,提出数字内容产业协同创新的基本分析框架;围绕数字内容产业的内容提供方、内容服务方、应用服务方、网络运营方、终端用户等平台创新主体,分析产业协同创新过程中受到的市场需求拉动力、市场竞争压力、技术推动力、利益驱动力、战略引导力,构建基于平台经济的数字内容产业协同创新动力模型;借鉴博弈思想,分析平台创新主体参与协同创新的有效性;最终提出数字内容平台产业协同创新的动力机制与发展策略。     

融合用户社交与情境信息的虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐研究

[目的/意义]通过融合用户社交与情境信息,构建虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐模型并开展个性化知识推荐算法的设计,能够在一定程度上完善虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐方法的理论体系,具有一定的理论价值和应用价值。[方法/过程]首先构建出基于用户社交与情境信息的虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐模型,然后利用改进的最大团算法设计出虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐算法,最后通过选取某虚拟知识社区的用户数据进行实例分析实现精准的个性化知识推荐。[结果/结论]在利用融合用户社交与情境信息进行虚拟知识社区个性化知识推荐过程中,通过对某虚拟知识社区的实例分析,表明其个性化知识推荐结果的精准度得到了显著的提升。     

大学城数字信息服务中心系统的构建

本文以上海松江大学城为例，介绍了大学城数字信息服务中心建设思路与原则，阐述了数字信息服务中心系统的架构、技术实现应其运行平台的构建。     

一种数字图书馆集成服务平台的设计与实现

为解决当前数字图书馆用户服务工作平台建设面临的一些问题,提出了按照一体化、集成化的思路构建相应的平台系统,给出了包括架构设计、功能设计在内的平台设计方案,阐述了平台技术框架及实现方法,论述了基于工作流的业务协同管理机制及基于角色的安全访问控制机制,并以科技查新服务为例对实现效果进行了验证.     

Governance rigidity,industry evolution,and value capture in platform ecosystems

Existing work has shown how, in platform ecosystems, firms can capture above-average rents by controlling hard-to-replace segments. However, initial conditions can have a lasting effect on a platform owner's ability to capture value as the ecosystem in which it operates evolves. We develop a theoretical framework that first considers the role of bargaining power and industry life cycle stage, showing how these shape initial governance arrangements and the platform owner's subsequent ability to capture value based on the rigidity of these arrangements. We then develop propositions, focusing on contingencies that moderate this degree of governance rigidity in platform ecosystems. Our framework helps understand the combined effects of initial conditions and governance rigidity as key drivers of a platform owner's ability to capture rents. Once we consider these dynamics, controlling a hard-to-replace segment may neither be sufficient nor necessary to obtain a large share of the value created by an ecosystem.     

数字经济背景下传统零售平台企业的商业模式创新路径——基于红星美凯龙和宜家中国的双案例研究

数字经济的发展虽然孕育了众多以互联网为交易或交互基础的新兴零售平台,却破坏了传统零售平台企业赖以生存的商业模式和发展路径。在新冠疫情的进一步催化下,消费者拥抱信息技术的趋势迫使传统零售平台企业不得不进行转型。本研究通过对红星美凯龙和宜家两个案例企业的比较分析,探究了传统零售平台企业在数字经济冲击下市场优势的丧失和转型路径的选择。研究发现,当环境变化对商业模式的核心逻辑产生威胁时,传统零售平台企业倾向于采用探索式转型,提出新的价值主张和价值创造方式,改变底层活动系统,吸引新参与者并将原参与者在平台生态系统中的位置边缘化；当环境变化对商业模式的底层活动系统产生威胁时,传统零售平台企业倾向于采用利用式转型,维持原有价值主张和价值创造方式,仅改变底层活动系统,吸引新参与者但原参与者在平台生态系统中的位置更为核心。总起来看,平台企业与平台生态系统内部参与者之间的互补性、与外部消费需求之间的匹配性是转型的原因也是转型的目标。本研究探究了传统零售平台企业在数字经济背景下不同的转型路径,指出了不同转型路径背后的原因,最终形成的理论框架对零售乃至其他平台企业进行转型都有一定的启示作用。     

数字城市地理空间框架建设思路探讨

数字城市是城市信息化的重要组成部分,其建设需要整合多种行业的信息,地理空间框架为其提供整合资源的平台。文章简介了数字城市的发展现状、建设目标和建设内容,探讨了数字城市建设的重要技术路线,为数字城市地理空间框架建设提供思路。     

基层社会治理数字化转型研究——基于我国东部M市实践经验的分析

[目的/意义]社会治理数字化转型是我国发达地区的新趋势,正确认识其本质要素,剖析其价值与不足,对于提升社会治理现代化水平具有重要意义。[方法/过程]基于我国东部M市的实地调查资料,对社会治理数字化转型的实践经验进行总结、剖析。[结论/结果]社会治理数字化是数字技术与社会治理理论相结合的产物,借助数字技术,整合治理资源,实现功能替代,调整治理权力,从而有利于提高社会治理效益。社会治理数字化转型需要解决以下问题:破解数字化治理的普适性难题;打破数字技术万能的幻象;避免数字化治理内卷化的误区;防范数字化治理的潜在安全风险。     

红色旅游数字化综合服务平台的建设

本文概述了红色旅游数字化综合服务平台建设的目标和意义,重点介绍了红色旅游数字化综合服务平台的设计、平台内容管理、平台服务流程和内部处理流程,总结了红色旅游数字化综合服务平台实际应用。     

服务主导逻辑视阈下的O2O电商模式及应用研究

消费升级背景下传统电子商务服务体验不佳的弊端日渐显露,线上线下融合发展成为共识,但目前尚未形成有效实践模式。基于服务主导逻辑视角提出O2O(online to offline)电子商务模式内涵及价值创造过程模型,认为O2O电子商务模式是由内部和外部、微观与宏观等不同类型利益相关者构成的服务生态系统,包括价值主张、资源整合、服务交互和环境适应等基本价值创造过程,以及线上服务平台和线下服务网点两类服务交互界面,并讨论模型应用过程中应注意的关键环节,为相关企业的O2O电子商务转型实践提供参考。