ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND THE DIMINISHED SUBJECT

ABSTRACT:  Discussions about freedom of speech and academic freedom today are about the limits to those freedoms. However, these discussions take place mostly in the higher education trade press and do not receive any serious attention from academics and educationalists. In this paper several key arguments for limiting academic freedom are identified, examined and placed in an historical context. That contextualisation shows that with the disappearance of social and political struggles to extend freedom in society there has come a narrowing of academic life and a new and impoverished concept of 'academic freedom' for a diminished idea of the human subject, of humanity and of human potential .     

ACADEMIC FREEDOM: ITS NATURE, EXTENT AND VALUE

ABSTRACT:  Academic freedom does not refer to freedom to engage in any speech act, but to freedom to hold any belief and espouse it in an appropriately academic manner. This freedom belongs to certain institutions, rather than to individuals, because of their academic nature. Academic freedom should be absolute, regardless of any offence it may on occasion cause .     

知识论传统与学术自由的合法性

本文主要讨论了学术自由合法性的知识论基础 ,认为学术自由的合法性只能从知识本身得到说明 ,并进一步比较了中西方知识论的主要差异 ,试图从学术传统的角度考察中国学术自由价值观之不立以及合法性缺失的原因所在。     

THE GENEALOGY OF JUDGEMENT: TOWARDS A DEEP HISTORY OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM

ABSTRACT:  The classical conception of academic freedom associated with Wilhelm von Humboldt and the rise of the modern university has a quite specific cultural foundation that centres on the controversial mental faculty of 'judgement'. This article traces the roots of 'judgement' back to the Protestant Reformation, through its heyday as the signature feature of German idealism, and to its gradual loss of salience as both a philosophical and a psychological concept. This trajectory has been accompanied by a general shrinking in the scope of academic freedom from the promulgation of world-views to the offering of expert opinion .     

美国大学教师终身教职与学术自由的关系

美国大学教授协会所确立的学术自由与终身教职之间的内在联系 ,使得终身教职成为保证美国大学教师学术自由的制度性工具。关于终身教职与学术自由之间关系的理论探讨 ,均须充分考虑到终身教职的学术自由价值。     

A PLACE FROM WHERE TO SPEAK: THE UNIVERSITY AND ACADEMIC FREEDOM

ABSTRACT:  the university is promoted as 'a place from where to speak'. Academic freedom is examined as a crucial value in an increasingly uncertain age which resonates with Barnett's concern to encourage students to overcome their 'fear of freedom'. My concern is that the putative university space of freedom and autonomy may well become constricted by those who would limit not just our freedom to speak but also our freedoms to be and to do. Without academic freedom students and teachers, who might be able to fly, will not be permitted to fly. I review issues of academic freedom and free speech raised especially by Berlin, Voltaire, von Humboldt, Mill, Milton and Rorty. I discuss problems raised when free speech is heard by others as harmful and offensive to their beliefs and values. I offer a set of suggestions to ensure that the university may envision itself as a space of freedom, pluralism and tolerance. Finally, I reflect that the university, of all democratic institutions, should be the one which best serves its society as 'a place from where to speak' .     

责任编辑的学术道德责任刍议

学术腐败是学术自由与学术道德责任的失衡。责任编辑是整治学术腐败环节中的关键。增强责任编辑的学术道德责任是当前把持学术阵地纯洁性的重要环节。因此。在要求责任编辑加强自律，严格遵循学术规范，提高编辑加工质量的同时。还应强化对责任编辑的道德责任教育，提倡编辑批评精神，更为重要的是要健全制度法制．规范责任编辑的实践行为。     

教育学视野中的学术规范

本文首先提出了我国教育学学术规范存在的几个问题,即教育学的学术规范讨论或研究的缺失、学科的学术体系中教育学的学科缺位、教育学的学术独立性的缺少、教育学的原创学术知识的缺乏,然后探讨了我国教育学学术规范建设的途径,即建立教育学的学术形式规范,建立教育学的学术内容规范,建立教育学学术规范与教育政策和实践之间的合理关系,建立制度化的教育学学术规范。文章的结论认为教育学的学术规范为教育学学术创新提供外在的制度保障,而且也可以为我国教育学进入世界教育学学术体系奠定基础。     

学术职业化与美国高等教育的发展

本文借鉴职业社会学的相关研究成果 ,通过探讨 16 36～ 1914年间 (特别是 19世纪后期 )美国学术职业化进程以及在这个过程中发挥作用的主要因素 ,分析了美国高等教育发展的内在动力机制。     

学术自由：理想与现实的博弈

学术自由是一个历史的概念,这一原则在大学的确立也是一个历史的实践过程。学术自由的发展史就是一部禁锢与挣脱的斗争史。在当代,学术自由依然受到社会期待、人性弱点、制度规范等方面的约束。     

论康德的道德自由与德性论

理性与自由是康德伦理学的重要概念,如若把康德的“理性”概念分为理论理性和实践理性,那么他的“自由”概念同样也可分为理性的自由和道德的自由。理论理性和理性的自由是属于思辨哲学研究的范畴,实践理性和道德的自由是属于伦理学研究的范畴。在康德看来,道德自由是人的道德活动之原因,德性是人的道德活动之结果。因此,在康德伦理学中道德自由与德性之间有着内在的逻辑联系,不仅如此,这种道德自由与德性之内在的逻辑联系恰恰体现着康德理性主义伦理思想的精神内涵。     

Policy Formulation and Networks of Practice in European eLearning: the emergence of a European E-Learning Area

This article discusses the emergence of a European E-Learning Area (EELA) as a consequence of three factors that can be observed in the e-learning developments over the past decade. The first factor consists of the carving of a policy sector in e-learning via formal instruments such as the eLearning Programme, the Lifelong Learning Programme and an array of other e-learning policy stipulations embedded in larger policy instruments at European level (e.g. Framework Programme). The second factor is represented by the mainstreaming of e-learning activities, both through formal and informal measures across multiple domains. Finally, the proliferation and consolidation of interlinked networks of practice as incubators of e-learning innovation and sharing of expertise act as the third factor in the shaping of EELA. The conceptualisation of EELA is substantiated through an analysis of the European e-learning policy documentation and the findings of a questionnaire distributed to the coordinators of projects under the eLearning Programme. In light of the findings, theoretical and practical implications for EELA as a nascent policy domain are explored and offered as a basis for further debate on this theme.     

大学教师：一项学术性职业

大学职能的成功发挥有赖于对大学教师职业属性的把握和理解.大学教师职业成长与变迁的历史与实践证明,大学教师是一项以知识传播和科学探索为内容的学术性职业,是一项与大学发展密切相关的学术性职业,是一项需要学术自由权利呵护的学术性职业.     

西方现代大学学术自治的制度环境基础:一种政治社会学分析

学术自治一直是现代大学的理想追求 ,也是西方现代大学学术繁荣的前提条件之一。全面考查英国、德国、法国和美国高等教育的发展历程 ,不难看出 ,西方现代大学学术自治的实现有其相应的制度环境条件 ,民主法制条件下有限政府与公民社会的互动为大学学术自治提供了坚实的社会基础。因而 ,中国现代大学的发展需要制度环境的创新。     

学术自由问题研究的现状和趋势

学术自由是现代大学精神的重要内涵 ,通过对学术自由问题研究的回顾和展望 ,全面展示了学术自由的发展历史 ,揭示了学术自由的含义以及学术自由与大学自治、学术责任之间的关系。     

论欧盟政治体系的联邦制特色

在欧洲一体化进程中，关于欧盟的体制之争从未停息，但认为欧盟同一般的国际组织没什么区别的观点已不大被人赞同，目前学术界比较一致的看法是：从欧盟本身所拥有的权力及其与成员国关系上来分析，欧盟不同于一般国际组织，而多少渗进了联邦制成分，或说是介于联邦与邦联之间的一种政治体系，本分析了欧盟政治体系的基本结构，在此基础上阐述了其联邦制特色，并对欧盟的政治体系的未来走势提出了自己的看法。     

学术自由面对的挑战:从教会、政府到市场

学术自由是大学的核心价值,它影响到大学的发展与生存。从比较角度分析来自教会、政府对学术自由威胁的历史事例,即可看出学术自由目前面临的由新技术、企业化主义和唯管理主义等带来的挑战。     

FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

ABSTRACT: Why is freedom of speech so seldom raised as an issue in philosophy of education? In assessing this question, it is important to distinguish (i) between a freedom and its exercise, and (ii) between different philosophies of education. Western philosophies of education may be broadly divided into classes derived from theories of knowledge first articulated in ancient Greece. Freedom of speech is in principle inimical to some of these, while being essential to the objectives of others .     

学术自由与学术规范对我国切实性问题的思考

学术自由与学术规范,是学术活动的两大基础,缺一不可。我国目前学术界的问题,恰恰在于存在着相互矛盾着的两个方面:一方面是自由不够,规范泛滥;另一方面是规范不够,自由泛滥。两方面相加的结果,大大损害了我国的学术事业。为此,必须加强制度建设和道德建设,构建符合我国国情的学术自由与学术规范。