中国现行教育督导制度的评价及建议

教育督导是现代教育行政管理不可缺少的重要组成部分，是一种极为有效的教育行政监督机制。当前要使教育督导对教育中政、教、学三方面的督和导工作顺利进行并收到良好的效果，必须进一步提高对教育督导重要性的认识，明确新时期的工作重点，建立一个具有相对权力的教育督导机构，建设一支人员结构合理的督导队伍，加强教育督导自身法规制度的建设，强化督导工作心理学知识学习及应用。     

英法两国教育督导制度比较研究

教育督导是当今世界各国封教育实施科学管理的一种主要方式，它和教育立法、教育经费并称为教育行政的三大支柱。教育督导已经成为现代教育管理中不可缺少、不可替代的一个重要环节，封教育督导的重视和加强程度也成为教育管理现代化程度的一个重要标志。由于各个国家的政治、经济、文化和教育等方面的条件各异，因而在教育督导的目的、内容、方法和形式也各有不同，形成了各具特色的教育督导制度和模式。本文拭从督导机构、督导人员、督导方式、督导职能四个方面封英法两国的教育督导加以比较研究。     

对高校推进教学督导制度的几点思考

教学督导工作已经成为各高校内部教学质量保障与监控体系的重要环节，本文从教学督导工作的作用、意义、方法等方面展开论述，并提出了督导工作中仍然存在的问题，对如何开展督导工作提出了几点思考。     

高校督教工作深化研究

本文针对目前高等学校教学督导过程中普遍存在的督教不到位的现象，从教学工作的性质、督导员的合理组成、督导方法等方面论述深化高校教学督导工作，提出应该采取“研究性督导”方法。加强“专项督导”，同时与对督导自身的评估结合起来，充实教学督导的模式与体系。完善督教环节并使之结论更客观公正。     

系统论视角下职业学校校内督导体系的构建与实施

随着我国进入新的发展阶段，职业教育的重要地位和作用愈发凸显。职业学校从系统化角度构建基于数字化的质量管理平台，建立由督导制度体系、督导组织人员体系、督导内容与方法体系、督导反馈与跟督体系为组成要素的校内督导体系，并以开放式、协同式、闭环式三种方式运行督导工作体系，可有效实现督导工作在职业学校高质量发展中的积极效能。     

探索提高高职院校教学督导工作有效性的途径

从高职院校教学督导工作的现状与问题出发,提出了提高教学督导工作有效性的几种途径,包括设置独立的教学督导组织机构、构建稳定的校院两级督导团队、教学督导职能实现三大块,并给出了校院两级教学督导的职能实现运行模式示意图.     

中德教育督导比较研究及其启示

现代教育督导制度是伴随着现代教育制度而产生和发展的,为了适应当代社会和国际竞争以及由此带来的提高教育质量和学校效能的要求,许多国家采取了各种各样的措施建立各自的教育督导体系。尽管各国督导工作的性质,督导工作的范畴以及督导工作的方式有所不同,但从本质上讲,对一个国家的教育来说,督导工作对于教育质量的提升,对于教育行政管理的“监督”,对于学校效能与学校改进以及教师课堂教学的“指导”等诸多方面具有不可缺少和不可替代的作用。本文介绍了中德两国督导制度的发展状况、督导制度的模式,并重点比较了两国在督导机构、督导人员的任职资格、督导职责、督导评估范围以及督导职能等五个方面的异同。提出了针对我国教育督导制度的具体的整改策略,为中国教育督导制度的进一步完善和发展提供了有益的启示。     

试论校内德育质量督导体系的建立

教育督导是在长期教育行政管理中逐步形成并发展起来的一种行政管理和监督机制,建立和完善教育督导制度,是现代教育的重要研究课题。校内教育督导是一种新颖的管理模式,在中学教育教学督导中,德育质量督导和教学质量督导是最为重要的两个方面,现今中学在这两个方面的系统性、全面性、科学性都存在不足,存在着重学校外部督导轻学校内部督导、重教学质量督导轻德育质量督导等问题。     

高校关工委在教学督导中的地位及作用探析——兼述处理好教学督导中的几个关系

从高校关工委和教学督导组织产生的背景及二者的工作性质、职能和工作原则出发,结合西南科技大学（简称西科大）的这两个组织,历经十余年的工作实践、体会和感悟,讨论了高校关工委在教学督导中的地位和作用,并兼述了教学督导工作中应处理好的几个关系,其中突出了关工委和教学督导组织的关系。     

当前高校教育学质量督导工作的问题及对策

针对当前高校教学质量督导工作存在的问题，提出了建立健全督导工作制度，全面实施督导工作，并借鉴先进的方法技术进行督导，建立起专兼职相结合的督导队伍的重要对策。     

The regulation of teaching as symbolic politics: rituals of order,blame and redemption

This article explores the school inspection as a political ritual for the management of tensions between competition and equality inherent in neo-liberal educational regulatory regimes. At the centre of the article is a case study of how teachers in an allegedly failing working-class English primary school coped with issues of social class, educational success-and-failure and an Office of Standards in Education (OFSTED) inspection and related accountability measures. National educational policy – relative performance data and inspection – generated a crisis within the school, and intervened in teacher discourse about the role of social class in pupil attainment. Whereas previous scholarship on OFSTED and inspections has emphasised their harmful effects on teachers and teaching practice, the current article broadens the focus from regulatory to political issues, from specific schools to the stability of the educational order more generally. Based on this case study, situated within a broader analysis of shifting discourses about social class and education in English educational policy, I argue that (1) the current regulatory regime makes ‘failure’ inevitable, thereby posing a symbolic problem for policy-makers and politicians; (2) by identifying failure and allocating blame, the inspection ritual fulfils an important symbolic function; which (3) serves to buttress the legitimacy of the neo-liberal educational order.     

How can the inspection process enhance improvement in special schools?

Abstract

The new system for the inspection of special schools was introduced in England in September 1994, using common criteria as those used for mainstream schools. One of the main purposes of inspection stated by the Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) is school improvement. This paper presents the perceptions of headteachers of the inspection process arising from the first inspections carried out during September‐December 1994. The evidence base used on these inspections is also considered. These data are used to suggest that school improvement can be enhanced by the inspection process under certain conditions. A preliminary exploration of these conditions is provided in the paper. Implications for the school inspection process, school self‐review and future research questions are identified.     

关于构建我国教育督导政策体系的思考

教育督导制度是我国基本教育制度之一。构建完善的教育督导政策体系是教育督导制度有效落实的关键环节。当前,我国教育督导政策体系还存在着结构不完整、数量不充足、内容不完善等问题,有关部门急需明晰构建思路,在制定相关政策、扩展体系涵盖范围的同时,还要对现有的教育督导政策实施必要的调整,才能最终形成科学的、完善的、有中国特色的教育督导政策体系和督导制度。     

浅析督导工作的质量管理

督导工作是教学管理工作的重要组成部分，应开展经常性和阶段性的检查、监督、评估与指导。在质量管理实践中，可采取以下四个步骤：三检查、三听课、三评价、三反馈。紧紧围绕以上四个环节抓质量管理已初见成效。这极大地调动了教师的积极性。许多教师在压力中提升自己，通过各种途径，进一步提高自己的教学水平。     

OFSTED, Criteria and the Nature of Social Understanding: A Wittgensteinian Critique of the Practice of Educational Judgement

Since their inception in 1993 OFSTED inspections have generated considerable controversy amongst teachers and educationists generally, Much of the criticism to date has centred on the effects which such inspections have had on schools and their staffs. In contrast little sustained concern has been shown about the underlying assumptions of the OFSTED inspection process. This article identifies as the central feature of that process a particular but tacit conception of judgement. This conception is examined from an essentially Wittgensteinian perspective and is shown to rely on an imprecise understanding of the nature of criteria. It is argued that the OFSTED approach implicitly represents what are in fact conventional criteria, having no guarantee of broad agreement, as if they were criteria having such agreement. As a result severe doubts are raised about the validity of the judgements made and hence of the inspection process generally.     

建立我军院校教育督导制度可行性分析

教育督导是现代教育管理中一项十分重要的制度,是保障教育法律、法规和方针政策贯彻落实的重要手段,是保障教育目标实现的有效机制。建立军事教育督导制度,对于推进军队院校教育教学管理改革,促进军队院校教育体系的优化和办学效益的提高,具有重要的指导意义和实践作用。本文通过对军校教育特点和规律的研究,分析了建立军校教育督导制度的若干可行性条件。     

Learning from and Reacting to School Inspection – Two Swedish Case Narratives

Throughout Europe, school inspection has become a visible means of governing education. This education and inspection policy is mediated, brokered, interpreted, and learned through networked activities where the global/European meet the national/local, giving national and local “uptake” a variety of characteristics. We explore the local features of this “uptake” as processes of learning in the interaction between schools and inspectors in Sweden. Drawing theoretically on Jacobsson’s notion of governing as increasingly done through meditative activities and on Leontiev’s activity theory, we suggest that school actors learn compliance through diverse emotions provoked by inspection processes in different local settings. Based on observations of inspections, interviews with teachers, head teachers and inspectors, documents, reports, and decisions, we portray how governing education is done through inspection processes in two Swedish schools. The case narratives underscore the importance of local context in these governing and learning processes.     

‘Wading through children’s tears’: the emotional experiences of elementary school inspections, 1839–1911

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the emotional experiences of elementary school inspections, from the appointment of the first State school inspectors in 1839 to 1911 when Edward Holmes, the retiring chief inspector, signposted the prospects of a new era in elementary education. The paper is arranged in two parts: the first provides an outline of the origins and development of elementary school inspection, while the second discusses the potential contribution of emotions scholarship to inform our understanding of elementary schooling seen through the lens of inspection. Whereas previous studies have concentrated on the inspectorate’s administrative history in relation to school development, this paper’s contribution is to highlight what inspection sources reveal about elementary schools as sites of emotional expression and experience. While acknowledging the challenges a history of emotions framework presents, the paper concludes that such an approach offers a fresh perspective on inspection and school regimes in the past.     

强化督导机制 促进教学水平的全面提高

结合我校开展教育教学督导工作的实践,系统分析和总结了我校教育教学督导工作的特色及取得的成效,对高职高专院校的教育教学督导工作具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

Insights gained by schools and emotional consequences of school inspections. A review of evidence

This study systematically reviews research evidence regarding two questions: (1) to what extent do schools gain insight into the quality of their own functioning as a result of an inspection? and (2) what are the emotional consequences of inspections experienced by school staff?

It provides a review of empirical research studies published as full-length articles in scientific journals and proceedings of international conferences, symposia and workshops, as well as in books or as book chapters, from 1995 until 2012. Both quantitative and qualitative data are considered. The review process identified 35 relevant publications that met the criteria for inclusion.

The review leads to the conclusion that inspections fail to contribute significantly to schools’ self-understanding, but that they lead to a severe negative emotional impact on school staff. Furthermore it is concluded that the current evidence base shows several gaps, mainly related to underlying explanatory features that contribute to the occurrence of these effects.