少数民族传统文化对少数民族学生学业成就差异的影响

在多民族国家,不同少数民族学生在学业成就方面存在着差异。在中国众多的少数民族杂居地区,少数民族作为一个特殊的群体,在以汉文化为主流文化的环境中学习,他们的学业成就受到社会、家庭和本民族传统文化的多重影响,其中少数民族传统文化是较为深层的影响因素。为了提高少数民族学生的学业成就,可采取以下几种策略:学校开展多元文化教育策略;少数民族家长改变教育态度和教养方式;少数民族地区要正确理解和实施民族政策。     

苗、汉杂居地区苗族学生低学业成就的原因分析--以毕节市观音桥办事处苗族教育为例

在苗、汉杂居地区,苗族学生的学业成就远低于汉族学生。经济贫困落后和生产力水平低下、苗族自身传统文化中消极因素的影响、学校教育的失误以及家庭背景的不利是导致苗族学生低学业成就的主要原因。要提高苗族学生的学业成就,应当争取政府和社会各界的支持,加大对少数民族教育的投入力度;借鉴多元文化教育理念,整体优化学校育人环境;加强双语教师队伍建设,重视双语教育;以基础教育课程改革为契机,加快民族教育课程开发。     

关注城市义务教育中的少数民族学生——英国EiC/EMAG试点项目评析

长期以来,少数民族学生在英国教育中一直处于不利地位,他们英语熟练程度有限,积极性不高,学业成就明显低于他们的白人同学,发展面临诸多挑战。为此,英国政府出台了城市教育优异计划/少数民族学生学业成就试点项目,以期提高城市教育中少数民族学生的学业成就,发挥其潜能,促进教育过程和教育结果的平等。     

提高高职少数民族学生学业成就的思想政治教育新思路

分析高职少数民族学生学业成就与高职学校思想政治教育的关系,提出应通过加强思想政治教育来改善高职少数民族学生的学习状况,探讨有效提高高职少数民族学生学业成就的思想政治教育工作途径.     

提高高职少数民族学生学业成就的思想政治教育新思路

分析高职少数民族学生学业成就与高职学校思想政治教育的关系，提出应通过加强思想政治教育来改善高职少数民族学生的学习状况，探讨有效提高高职少数民族学生学业成就的思想政治教育工作途径b     

学习模式建构:学业成就调查重要生长点

学业成就调查应以提高教育质量、促进学生发展为根本旨趣,但是现有的学业成就调查主要依据学力模式,重视学生的学习结果,其知识观陈旧,难以测试和解释学生学习的过程,并渗透着相对评价的理念。学业成就调查的学习模式具有先进的知识观、学习观和评价观。学习模式构建的关键是把握学生知识的发展、形成新的学力模式、确立新的调查取向和编制新的测试工具。     

中学生学业成就归因的研究

采用测验法对中学生学业成就的归因方式进行了探讨．研究结果表明：中学生学业成就的内部归因高于外部归因．没有年龄差异，也没有性别差异；学业成就较好和较差的学生，都很重视能力的归因：学业成就较好的学生，重视能力和主观努力的因素；而学业成就较差的学生，更重视能力和问题难度的归因．     

新时代"双一流"建设高校优化资助育人方向的实证研究

以某"双一流"建设高校本科生抽样数据以及田野调查资料为基础,以普通学生为比较对象,以校园综合表现为学业表现测评指标,分析资助对贫困生学业表现的影响.研究发现,贫困生主要集中于中西部、少数民族及一代大学生群体;获资助的贫困生学习动力明显更强,学习士气、学业支持感等略高,学业基础、学习性时间协调、学习目标感、学习方法、心理素质等略低;在学生干部担任、性格取向、学习性校园人际互动等校园参与方面更显"局限";挂科情况无明显差异,但以国奖获得为表征的卓越成长明显更低.在全面完成脱贫的新时代背景下,应从资助对象认定、内容供给、成效评价等方面优化"双一流"建设高校资助育人方向.     

新时代"双一流"建设高校优化资助育人方向的实证研究

以某"双一流"建设高校本科生抽样数据以及田野调查资料为基础,以普通学生为比较对象,以校园综合表现为学业表现测评指标,分析资助对贫困生学业表现的影响.研究发现,贫困生主要集中于中西部、少数民族及一代大学生群体;获资助的贫困生学习动力明显更强,学习士气、学业支持感等略高,学业基础、学习性时间协调、学习目标感、学习方法、心理素质等略低;在学生干部担任、性格取向、学习性校园人际互动等校园参与方面更显"局限";挂科情况无明显差异,但以国奖获得为表征的卓越成长明显更低.在全面完成脱贫的新时代背景下,应从资助对象认定、内容供给、成效评价等方面优化"双一流"建设高校资助育人方向.     

高校学生学业成就评价现状及改革的研究

高等学校学业成就评价工作是高等学校教育教学工作的重要一环。它对检查教学质量,督促学生学习、加强学生管理以及推动教育教学改革是都具有极其重要的意义,近年来,高等学校学业成就评价工作取得了很大进展。但是,高等学校的学业成就评价工作还存在一些不容忽视的问题：对学业成就评价工作功能的认识不够全面;学业成就评价的科学性不强,学业成就评价中强调教师对学生的评价,而不重视学生的自我评价和学生间的相互评价;在高校     

The ethnic minority achievement grant: a critical analysis

This article critically analyses the extent to which the Ethnic Minority Achievement Grant (EMAG) has been successful in meeting its core objective of raising the achievement of minority ethnic groups who are at risk of underachieving. The article provides an historical analysis of the Grant, sets the Grant within the context of the Labour government’s policies relating to minority ethnic groups and social inclusion and reports on the authors’ research into the use made by Local Education Authorities (LEAs) of EMAG based on an analysis of LEA EMAG action plans. It suggests that although there have been some improvements in closing the gaps between minority ethnic achievement and national averages since the introduction of the Grant, these have been largely limited to groups receiving English as an Additional Language (EAL) support, although these groups continue to underachieve. Further the relative achievement of some groups, notably Black Caribbean pupils, has not improved at all since the introduction of the Grant. The article proposes that if the government wishes to more effectively tackle minority ethnic underachievement then it needs to increase the overall amount spent on the Grant, which has been frozen in recent years, and demonstrate more commitment to tackling institutionalized racism within the education system and the national curriculum. Although the government is issuing guidance to schools to address historic weaknesses in the way that the Grant has been deployed, the guidance itself does not go far enough in acknowledging the role of schools and particularly LEAs in tackling underachievement. Nor does the proposed new guidance recognize the importance of including the perspectives of local Black and Asian communities in decisions on how the Grant is deployed.     

White working class achievement: an ethnographic study of barriers to learning in schools

This study aims to examine the key barriers to learning to raise achievement of White British pupils with low‐income backgrounds. The main findings suggest that the worryingly low‐achievement levels of many White working class pupils have been masked by the middle class success in the English school system and government statistics that fail to distinguish the White British ethnic group by social background. The empirical data confirm that one of the biggest groups of underachievers is the White British working class and their outcomes at each key stage are considerably below those achieved by all other ethnic groups. One of the main reasons for pupil underachievement, identified in the case study schools and focus groups, is parental low aspirations of their children’s education and social deprivation. It is also perpetuated by factors such as low‐literacy levels, feelings of marginalisation within the community exacerbated by housing allocation, a lack of community and school engagement, low levels of parental engagement and lack of targeted support to break the cycle of poverty and disadvantage, a legacy of low aspiration that prevents pupils from fulfilling their potential across a range of areas. The study concludes that the main obstacle in raising achievement is the government’s failure to recognise that this group has particular needs that are not being met by the school system. The government needs to recognise that the underachievement of White British working class pupils is not only a problem facing educational services but profoundly a serious challenge. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed in the final section.     

“他者”视域下20世纪90年代的中国少数民族教育——《文化·教育与发展——全球视野下的中国少数民族教育》述评

透过“他者”视角China’s National Minority Education—Culture,Schooling,and Development一书,记录和再现了20世纪90年代国外学者眼中中国西部少数民族地区少数民族教育的社会文化图景,聚焦了教育人类学领域关注的核心议题:族群、文化和教育,其中对少数民族高等教育入学优惠政策、少数民族学生学业成就归因理论、少数民族文化与学校教育等问题的探讨,在时下仍有其理论意义和学术价值。本书凝聚了一批研究中国民族教育的国际著名专家学者,包括本书的引介者、译者在内,这一代教育人类学人对中国民族教育相关政策、成功案例、研究成果起到了推介、传播等积极作用,并在20世纪90年代,推动了中国教育人类学学科发展和民族教育研究。     

School Careers of Pupils of Ethnic Minority Background After the Transition to Secondary Education: Is the Ethnic Factor Always Negative?

This article describes the school careers of Dutch pupils of ethnic minority background in the first 5 years following the transition to secondary education. The database used is VOCL89 of the Dutch Central Statistics Office (CBS). In line with previous findings,in the case of equal achievements pupils of ethnic minority background are advised to select higher types of secondary education than Dutch pupils. Furthermore, pupils of ethnic minority background more often select a school higher than advised than Dutch pupils. With control for social background, pupils of ethnic minority background are also found to display a more favourable career after the 1st year of secondary education. Path model construction results in consistently positive effects of ethnic minority origin at every transition. Further analysis demonstrates that even the most vulnerable subgroups of pupils of ethnic minority background, the Turkish and Moroccan pupils born in their motherland, show both absolutely and compared with the advice a career on a higher level than Dutch pupils with a similar social background. A point of discussion concerns the extent to which social background, defined as the parental educational level, refers to the same concept for Dutch people and people belonging to ethnic minority groups.     

Exploring the impact of supplementary schools on Black and Minority Ethnic pupils’ mainstream attainment

This paper reports findings from a study commissioned by the (then) Department for Children, Schools and Families. The research mapped the provision, and explored the impact, of supplementary schools and aimed specifically to develop further understanding as to how supplementary schools might raise the attainment of Black and Minority Ethnic pupils. Drawing on a national survey and case study data from 12 supplementary schools, we highlight a range of perceived impacts identified by teachers, pupils and parents and problematise the concept of impact. We identify the unique contribution and impact that supplementary schools make to the mainstream school attainment of pupils from diverse (linguistic, cultural, ethnic) backgrounds. We suggest that there is much to be learnt by the mainstream school sector about the difference supplementary school education makes to minority ethnic children, while questioning whether mainstream indicators of impact should be applied to supplementary schools.     

School Effects on Performances of Minority Pupils 1

The impact of determinants from the individual, school and school environment level with regard to educational performance of pupils from various ethnic origins in the Netherlands is examined in this article. From rational choice and empowerment theory crucial variables were deduced. By means of multilevel modelling school effects in secondary education on performances in mathematics and linguistics were established. Results indicate the importance of a school policy orientated towards improving achievements of minority subgroups. A more general approach, based on the notion of shared circumstances of pupils from ethnic minority and low socio‐economic background families, did not generate positive results.

     

Raising the achievement of Portuguese pupils in British schools: a case study of good practice

The aim of the research was to study the experiences of Portuguese heritage pupils in British schools. The main findings from empirical data suggest Portuguese children are underachieving at the end of primary education but the case study confirms that in good schools Portuguese pupils do well and have made huge improvements over the periods. The findings show that the case study schools have adopted a number of strategies to overcome some of the barriers to achievement including parental engagement, effective use of a more diverse workforce, developing an inclusive ethos and curriculum, effective English language support for Portuguese pupils, monitoring performance of Portuguese pupils and good and well‐coordinated targeted support through extensive use of teachers, teaching assistants, learning mentors and Portuguese classes. The study argues that the worryingly low‐achievement levels of many Portuguese pupils in British schools have been masked by Government statistics that fail to distinguish between European ethnic groups. Policy implications for all concerned with school improvement are highlighted in the final section.     

British‐Chinese pupils’ constructions of gender and learning

British‐Chinese pupils are the highest achieving ethnic group in the British education system, and British‐Chinese boys’ performance equals that of girls. This paper investigates aspects of British‐Chinese pupils’ constructions of learning, focusing particularly on subject preferences and their constructions of themselves as pupils. The results are analysed according to gender as well as social class, and demonstrate that British‐Chinese pupils’ constructions of gender, subject preference and self‐image as pupils differ in some respects from those of pupils from other ethnic groups. Reasons for such differences are considered, and the paper also reflects on the implications of these findings in relation to broader findings concerning the stereotyping and ‘othering’ of the British‐Chinese within the British education system.     

Evaluating the Performances of Minority Ethnic Pupils in Secondary Schools

This paper investigates the performances and the progress made by pupils of minority ethnic origin between Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4 in British secondary schools. The data used in this paper were collected as part of a PhD study by Haque (1999). The paper discusses findings from multilevel modelling analyses carried out on 12 of the 20 schools in the research study. In particular, it reveals that whilst differences exist in the performances and the progress of pupils of minority ethnic background in their Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4 examinations, these differences become substantially reduced when background factors (other than ethnic origin) are taken into account. The paper concludes that in order to identify accurately and reduce the nature of disadvantages for pupils from particular minority ethnic groups, policy-makers, schools and teachers need to differentiate these groups beyond their national origin.