浅议我国现今丁辛醇的生产技术及其发展

丁辛醇是重要的基本有机化工原料。用丁醇生产的各种醚类、胺类可分别用作乳胶漆、织物加工粘合剂、农药和橡胶加工及皮革处理剂等。用丁醇生产的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和脂肪族二元酸酯类增塑剂,广泛用于各种塑料和橡胶制品的生产。丁醇是生产丁醛、丁酸、丁胺和醋酸丁酯等有机化合物的原料,可用作树脂、油漆、粘接剂的溶剂及选矿用消泡剂,也可用做油脂、药物(如抗菌素、激素和维生素)和香料的萃取剂及醇酸树脂涂料的添加剂。辛醇主要用于制     

青霉素G钾工业盐共沸过程丁醇酯含量对结品质量的影响

青霉素工业盐共沸结晶过程中，基于制造成本的因素，结晶的单元操作使用溶媒，采用套用工艺，本方法：通过小试限定丁醇酯含量。结果．当丁醇酯含量控制在43％以下时，青霉素G钾工业盐成品的质量完全可以保证同时降低成本。结论：该小试结果用于生产。已完全达到预期目的。     

青霉素提炼过程中RK去酯工艺的研究

在青霉素G钾工业盐提炼生产过程中,其工艺过程为青霉素发酵滤液→ -部萃取→碱化抽提共沸结晶.在碱化抽提单元操作中,其碱化形成的青霉素G钾工业盐水溶液(工艺中称之为RK)中会含有25～35%的乙酸丁酯(简称丁酯),RK中过高的酯含量对下一工序钾盐的共沸结晶操作有直接的影响,主要因RK共沸过程中使用正丁醇做共沸载体,RK形成三元(水、丁醇、丁酯)共沸,其共沸后的馏出液及母液在回收正丁醇时,丁酯会随丁醇混融进入回收罐,使生产中套用丁醇酯含量逐步增高.利用青霉素提炼过程中RK的工艺特性为其设计了完善的去酯工艺,使最终成品青霉素工业盐质量得以保证.     

比乙醇更好的生物燃料

今年夏天,英国的司机们将在加油站里遇到一种从未用过的陌生燃料——一种由普通汽油与用玉米制造的丁醇混合而成的燃料。这是英国石油公司试点项目的一部分,目的是试探公众对这种新型燃料的反应。与其他生物燃料相比,丁醇的储存和运输更容易,而且能量密度也与汽油最接近。现在。随着更有效率的丁醇制造方法的出现,越来越多的专家认为,丁醇将超越乙醇成为市场上销量最好的替代燃料。     

顶空气相色谱法测定注射用青霉素钠中残留溶媒

目的：建立一种气相色谱法同时测定注射用青霉素钠中有机溶剂丁醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯残留量的方法。方法：采用外标法顶空自动进样,在非极性弹性毛细管柱上进行分离,效果良好。结果：平均回收率丁醇100.2%~101.5%;乙酸乙酯95.0%~103.1%;乙酸丁酯97.8%~101.5%,变异系数丁醇1.9%,乙酸丁酯2.3%,乙酸丁酯2.1%。结论：方法玄现性好,定量准确,便于操作。     

稻株拒食活性成分提取方法的改进及提取物对白背飞虱的拒食作用

采用“丁醇法”和“改进丁醇法”提取了抗白背飞虱品种Ｒａｔｈｕ Ｈｅｅｎａｔｉ（ＲＨ１）和感虫对照品种ＴＮ１稻株内的拒食活性成分，在提取液中添加１０％蔗糖和０．５％谷氨酸后测定了对白背飞虱取食行为的影响。白背飞虱在丁醇萃取前的ＲＨＴ提取液上的取食量明显低于萃取后的ＲＨＴ提取液；而在萃取前、后的ＴＮ１提取液中的取食没有显著的差异。由此推测，抗虫品种ＲＨＴ稻株里含有某种对白背飞虱具有拒食作用的活性成分。     

青霉素钾盐共沸结晶工艺优化

本实验最佳工艺为共沸罐夹层水温度为80摄氏度,出晶前搅拌速度为15Hz,养晶搅拌速度为15Hz,养晶后搅拌速度为20Hz,间断的方法加入丁醇,分五次加入,共沸液中加入0.3%(V/V)10%乙二胺四乙酸。采用本实验工艺生产比原有工艺含量提高0.45%,时间缩短10小时,水分降低0.2%。本实验对青霉素钾盐共沸结晶工艺进行研究。     

神奇细菌吃报纸产丁醇

美国杜兰大学科学家最新发现了一种新奇的细菌菌株TU-103。其能用报纸制造出成本低且更环保的石油“替身”丁醇。科学家们用新奥尔良当地的报纸《皮卡尤恩时报》进行实验并取得了成功。     

利用超声波快速酿制威士忌

蒸馏出一桶威士忌只需要48小时,但是要让它拥有醇和的口感还需要额外10年的存储时间。酒浆在这一过程不断地产生化学变化,其中一部分来自造酒桶的熏烤过的橡木,它就像一个筛子那样会吸附大分子形态的酒精（甲醇和丁醇——正是导致初酿的威士忌口感粗烈的原因）。这一过程需要很多年的时间才能完成,     

西藏1000例住院结核病人的耐药情况分析

目的了解西藏地区的结核耐药情况。方法对呼吸内科2007~2009年所收的1000例结核病人耐药结果进行综合分析。结果在1000例住院患者中,总耐药率为40.1%。在耐药病例中,初始耐药率16.5%,获得性耐药率23.6%,主要集中在30~60岁之间,单耐药率26.4%,多耐药39.8%,耐多药23.8%。不同抗结核药物的耐药顺序为:链霉素、异烟肼,利福平,乙胺丁醇。结论作为全国结核发病率最高的区域,西藏的结核耐药情况不容忽视,严重程度高于全国平均水平,值得临床医师关注,并采取措施改变现状。     

Poor correlation between alcohol concentration in oral fluid and breath in subjects consuming beverages immediately before testing

IntroductionIn previous research projects and clinical settings, alcohol analysis in oral fluid (saliva) has been used as an alternative to breath or blood alcohol testing. In this study we examined whether it is possible to obtain clinically relevant data regarding alcohol consumption in individuals who recently consumed alcohol by analysing oral fluid samples when the recommended rinsing of the mouth is impossible before sample collection.Materials and methodsWe conducted a study of 89 nightclub patrons in Norway. Before collecting oral fluid samples and performing breath alcohol testing, participants were required to drink a glass of water to remove residual alcohol from the mouth. Oral fluid samples were collected with the Quantisal oral fluid collection device and analysed using an enzymatic method for alcohol. The alcohol concentration in the neat (undiluted) oral fluid was then calculated. Breath alcohol testing was performed using Lion Alcolmeter 500 instruments.ResultsNo false-negative or false-positive results for alcohol were detected in the oral fluid when compared with those in the breath. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.40 indicated a poor correlation between alcohol concentrations in the two sample types.ConclusionsThe procedure for collecting oral fluid was suitable for the qualitative determination of alcohol intake but not for quantitative assessment. We recommend that oral fluid samples should not be used for estimating blood or breath alcohol concentrations in people who have recently consumed alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages, as recommended in the instructions for use.     

Monitoring oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases

Ethanol-induced liver injury may be linked, at least partly, to an oxidative stress resulting from increased free radical production and/or decreased antioxidant defence. Distinguishing alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease has important implications. This study looked at the possible changes between alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases by examining the presence of oxidative damage, as monitored by several parameters relating to oxidative stress. Lipid peroxides concentration, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione S-transferase activity increased, where as glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione reductase activity decreased among the tested subjects in comparison to normal healthy group. Determination of these parameters may be valuable in the evaluation of liver disease. However, oxidative stress related enzymes and non-enzymes can not be utilized as a marker for alcoholic liver diseases, as these parameters responded in the same way after liver is damaged irrespective of their cause. Their level may help in determining the degree of liver damage. Degree of oxidative injury was similar in patients with non-alcoholic liver disease and in moderate drinkers; while significantly higher in heavy drinkers. The differences between the groups might be based on the type of liver pathological condition rather than its etiology (i.e. alcohol and non alcohol related causes).     

玉米淀粉生料发酵酒精工艺条件的研究

玉米是黑龙江省的主要农作物之一,玉米的深加工利用是提高其产值的重要手段,本研究利用酶解玉米淀粉生料发酵生产酒精,对其发酵条件进行优化,得到玉米淀粉发酵酒精的最佳工艺条件:料水比1∶4、糖化酶加量为160u·g-1、发酵温度为34℃,干酵母加量为0.75%、pH为4.5、发酵时间6d,发酵酒精度为13.9%vol。     

蔗糖生产中的有机废弃物资源化利用研究

蔗糖业是广西主要支柱产业,广西的甘蔗种植面积、蔗糖产量连续多年稳居全国第一,蔗糖总产量占全国总产量的60%以上。在制糖生产过程中,甘蔗压榨中除压榨出糖汁外,在糖汁精炼过程中还产生数量巨大的糖厂废弃污染物,主要是滤泥和废糖蜜生产酒精的酒精废液。近年广西年入榨甘蔗8000~5800万t,产生滤泥约250万t,废糖蜜约250万t。在广西应用蔗糖厂的滤泥和酒精废液对甘蔗产量的影响的13个试验点的统计结果表明,施用酒精废液和滤泥的分别比复合肥处理增产甘蔗15.0t/hm2和13.5t/hm2,增产率分别18.8%和17.2%。蔗糖生产中的有机废弃物滤泥和酒精废液含有丰富的有机质、氮、磷和钾,以公顷施用75t酒精废液计,它能提供当季甘蔗生产所需的N 484.5kg,P2O512.9kg,K2O 816.0kg,并带来6294.0kg有机质;公顷施用7500kg滤泥计,它能提供当季甘蔗生产所需的N 129.0kg,P2O590.0kg,K2O 13.2kg,并带来4320.0kg有机质。蔗糖生产中的有机废弃物滤泥和酒精废液含有甘蔗吸收的矿质养分,其中:N 59300t,P2O5 25300t,K2O 31700t,有机质1650250t;应用这些矿质营养对甘蔗种植区的矿质营养平衡循环、培肥甘蔗种植区土壤肥力、保护甘蔗种植区生态环境和实现甘蔗生产的可持续稳定地增长,将有重要的作用。     

Effect of Interaction Between Duration of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Dependence on Thyroid Function Test: Cross Sectional Observational Study

Dependence on alcohol, nicotine and duration of alcohol consumption are known to alter thyroid function tests. This study was conducted to assess the effect of interaction between the duration of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence on TFT. The subjects consisted of 38 male patients with alcohol dependent syndrome co morbid with nicotine dependent syndrome, 33 male patients with alcohol dependent syndrome and 30 male normal healthy volunteers. Liver function tests, haematological parameters and thyroid function tests were assayed. Two way multivariate ANOVA was used to assess the interaction effect by SPSS 21 package. Multivariate analysis of combined TFT levels revealed no significant (P = .078) difference amongst groups based on alcohol dependence, significant difference (P = .001) amongst groups based on duration of alcohol consumption and no significant (P = .604) interaction effect between duration of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence. Tests of between subject effects for individual TFT revealed significant (P = .014) difference in T3 between groups based on alcohol dependence, significant difference in the levels of fT4 (P = .001), T3 (P = .07) and T4 (P < .001) between groups based on duration of alcohol consumption was observed. Interaction between the effect of duration of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence for individual TFT did not reveal any significance. fT4, TSH and T4 levels were significantly low in persons consuming alcohol for more than 20 years. TSH levels were significantly low in ADS compared to controls. Significant decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones was observed as the duration of alcohol consumption increased.     

RecET recombination system driving chromosomal target gene replacement in Zymomonas mobilis

BackgroundZymomonas mobilis is a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium with excellent ethanol-producing capabilities. The RecET recombination system provides an efficient tool for direct targeting of genes in the bacterial chromosome by PCR fragments.ResultsThe plasmids pSUZM2a-RecET and pSUZM2a-RecE588T were first developed to co-express RecE or RecE588 and RecT for homologous recombination. Thereafter, the PCR fragments of the tetracycline resistance marker gene flanked by 60 bp of adhA (alcohol dehydrogenase I) or adhB (alcohol dehydrogenase II) homologous sequences were electroporated directly into ZM4 cells harboring pSUZM2a-RecET or pSUZM2a-RecE588T. Both adhA and adhB were replaced by the tetracycline resistance gene in ZM4, yielding two mutant strains, Z. mobilis ZM4 ΔadhA and Z. mobilis ZM4 ΔadhB. These two mutants showed varying extent of reduction in ethanol production, biomass generation, and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, enzyme activity of alcohol dehydrogenase II in Z. mobilis ZM4 ΔadhB exhibited a significant reduction compared to that of wild-type ZM4.ConclusionThis approach provided a simple and useful method for introducing mutations and heterologous genes in the Z. mobilis genome.     

基于单片机的酒精浓度检测仪设计

以单片机和气体传感器为核心,设计了酒精浓度检测仪.实现了不同环境下酒精浓度的检测.本文主要介绍了酒精浓度检测仪整体结构,设计了系统硬件电路,阐述了各模块功能并着重研究了气体传感器的选择.     

Lipoprotein (a) levels in alcohol drinking and alcohol non-drinking coronary artery disease patients

This study examines the role of alcohol drinking on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in angiographically assessed coronary artery disease patients. A lower Lp (a) level was noted in the alcohol drinking group as compared to the alcohol non-drinking group.     

酒精浓度测试系统的设计

本设计采用半导体酒精探头,其特点是灵敏度高、稳定、可靠;控制器采用STC89C52单片机,其体积小、功耗低,带有电位比较器;以单片机和气体传感器为核心,设计了酒精溶度检测仪,实现了不同环境下酒精溶度的检测,使其具备体积小、使用方便、易操作、易安装等特点。整体来说,本设计有成本低、结构简单、可靠性强、易于使用的特点,将会成为驾驶员不可或缺的安全工具。     

酒精发酵清洁生产新工艺的研究

研究了以克菌灵P系列产品（P308）为核心的酒精无酸发酵技术,替代传统酒精业生产中普遍依赖于H2SO4进行杂菌控制的技术。结果表明,添加10~50 mg/L的P308对酿酒酵母的生长、出芽繁殖及酒精发酵没有任何不良影响;10 mg/L的P308即可替代H2SO4完成对酒精发酵过程中常见杂菌的杀灭及抑制作用;以P308为核心的无酸发酵技术还能显著减少酒精生产中蒸馏废液部分的SO42-含量,减少酸对设备的腐蚀,更能显著减少蒸馏废液对环保后续工段的压力及中和废液所必须的用碱量,是一项在节能减排上有重要意义的新技术。