基于CiteSpace的国际基础数学领域科学合作分析(2005-2015)

在汤森路透公司的Web of Science网络检索数据库中,选取基础数学(Mathematics)研究领域5年(2010年-2014年)平均影响因子前20名的期刊,下载20本期刊从2005年到2015年刊载的全部文献数据。使用CiteSpace信息可视化软件系统绘制该领域作者、机构和国家间的科学合作网络知识图谱,对基础数学研究领域的科学合作情况进行可视化分析。在近十年国际基础数学研究领域中,作者之间的合作形成了以PoomKumam和ErdalKarapinar等为核心的合作研究团体;机构之间形成了以大学之间的校际合作为主的合作模式;在国家和地区合作中,发文量大国出现了孤岛现象,发文量较少的国家合作较为紧密。通过研究还揭示了当前国际基础数学领域研究热点为不动点理论、调和分析、偏微分方程等。     

Reducing the effects of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: The role of libraries and information centres

HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease which kills people everywhere in the world. The purpose of this paper is to show that libraries and information centres in Nigeria can be actively used in the campaign and war against the spread of HIV/AIDS. It shows how HIV/AIDS is reducing the population of Nigeria through deaths. It highlights factors responsible for the rapid spread of the disease and shows how provision of education and information supported by library and information services can help reduce the spread of the disease. Libraries and information centres should involve audio–visual materials, and information communication technologies in educating and dissimilating relevant information to the people against HIV/AIDS in the country. The paper has discussed problems hindering effective library services to Nigerians.     

国际重要艾滋病研究基金发展态势的信息研究

最近20多年艾滋病在全球的蔓延对各国经济发展、社会稳定和人民健康造成了严重的危害,引起全球的广泛关注,世界各国有关投入日益加大。本文对目前国际上若干重要的艾滋病研究基金进行了总结分析。从这些基金的资助额度、资助方式、资助方向等方面来分析国际上艾滋病研究发展态势,以期为我国艾滋病研究提供一定的借鉴。     

Regional HIV/AIDS Information Environments and Information Acquisition Success

Although health information is widely available, information acquisition patterns may vary according to where one lives. Using Lievrouw's (2001) information environments (IE) theory, this mixed methods study compares three regional HIV/AIDS information environments in rural Canada. In accordance with IE theory, findings showed regional variation in institutional aspects of HIV/AIDS information environments: health institution service models; resource munificence and technology use; and some measures of social engagement and source availability. Differences were also present in the personal/relational aspects of environments: information network characteristics and levels of interpersonal interaction. However, in divergence from IE theory, regional success rates for answering HIV/AIDS-related questions were similar (86.26–89.34 percent). Furthermore, individual-level factors were more important than network position in predicting participants’ success rates. Yet, in line with IE theory, there were regional differences in the barriers that people affected by HIV/AIDS faced when seeking answers to their questions. These unaddressed barriers suggest that further development of IE theory requires incorporation of institutional capacity: provider knowledge, responsiveness, and service availability.     

Uses of information and communication technologies in HIV self-management: A systematic review of global literature

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been applied increasingly in supporting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment. The technological advances have extended to the field of HIV self-management. The objectives of this paper are to examine the design and use of ICTs in HIV self-management programs, to identify the knowledge gaps in existing practice, and to provide recommendations for future research and program development. A systematic review was conducted to search all English literature published prior to August 2016 in six electronic databases. The inclusion criteria also included either quantitative or qualitative assessments of HIV self-management programs that utilized at least one ICT platform in the program protocol. The search identified six studies conducted in Australia and the United States. The studies were diverse in sample size and enrollment criteria of study population. The major functionalities of ICT platforms (mobile phones and websites) included delivering information modules, sending medication reminders, supporting self-monitoring for medical adherence and risk behavior reduction, enhancing communication among participants, and providing easy access to HIV self-management information. The major challenges faced by self-management programs utilizing ICTs were lack of interaction and concern of privacy. The HIV self-management programs that employed ICT platforms were limited in number and geographic coverage. Most of the programs were also tested at an initial stage with small size samples and minimum technical innovation. The lack of explicit guiding theories and models on information behavior or technology use was observed in all studies. Use of ICTs in HIV self-management interventions is an emerging field. Future research would benefit from paying more attention to technical innovation and interactive features in applying ICT platform in self-management programs. The ICTs platforms, with increasing innovation in connecting people and places, can serve as a powerful tool to reduce the disparities in health care and health promotion. Future research is also needed to explore the feasibility of applying ICT platforms in self-management programs that serving populations from diverse socioeconomic background and in resource-poor settings.     

Dissecting the social body: social inequality through AIDS counter-narratives

HIV/AIDS conspiracy theories constitute a loosely grouped set of meanings that share the notion of secret collusion among allied parties. This paper traces one woman's etiological narrative of HIV/AIDS. Such embodied experience and cultural understanding when placed against the backdrop of current thinking on the topic in the United States builds a new framework for understanding the emergence and circulation of HIV/AIDS conspiracy theories as "counter-narratives" employed by individuals and publics in the face of the AIDS pandemic. Such counter-narrative creates a rhetorical space for challenges to power through the articulation of oppositional ideas about dominant scientific knowledge. Without a critical exploration of HIV/AIDS conspiracy theories that examines their emergence and effects as a form of discourse circulating in the public domain, public health advocates will not be able to trace and respond to these narratives' impact on HIV prevention efforts or consider their relevance for other emerging infectious diseases.     

Patterns of co-alignment in information-intensive organizations: business performance through integration strategies

Information technology (IT) has transformed business practices in the last several decades: operations, product strategies, distribution, and customer service have become increasingly dependent on IT. Moreover, IT has changed its orientation from that of pure operational utility in the 1960s and 1970s to that of a competitive weapon in the 1990s and today. These phenomena have affected the way modern organizations are managed, as well as the way IT affects the strategic activities of an organization's value-chain.In particular, aligning an organization's business and IT strategies in order to deliver higher business performance presupposes a strategic business opportunity to which information systems technology is integral. In other words, Strategic Alignment between business and IT can have a positive business impact only if we see an organization's IT components as parts of a well-integrated organizational system. If business strategy is viewed separately from IT strategy or IT strategy is viewed only as a “support” tool, then there is little likelihood that the above positive impact of strategic alignment can take place.This research suggests, develops and tests a strategic co-alignment model by examining three types of integration that impact the planning process and the overall performance of information-intensive organizations: technological integration (TI), functional integration and strategic integration (SI).The results of this research yield some useful set of guidelines for theory building for IS, as well as for the business practice aspect of IS: most interesting is the role of consistency (co-alignment) between an organization's business and strategic information systems plans to improve overall firm performance. Other recommendations include having a high degree of involvement of IS executives in corporate planning, the use of outsourcing services to promote organizational systems integration, and the importance of internal coordination mechanisms to facilitate both systems consistency and lower transaction costs. Finally, this study has employed cluster analysis and discriminant analysis to interpret the research findings.     

基于管理科学重要期刊的985高校管理科学十年研究主题多维分析

以2005—2014年间22种管理科学的A类重要期刊的论文作为数据源,采用LDA主题建模和聚类分析等方法,对39所985高校在不同时间段上发表的论文进行内容主题特征挖掘,从学校、期刊、时间等多个维度分析各高校管理科学领域的研究主题及演化过程。通过研究分析得出了四个方面的结论,1我国管理科学领域的某些研究主题较为普遍和稳定;2不同高校具备自身特色研究主题;3同一研究主题在不同高校的科研选题中所受到的关注度不同;4依据研究主题的相似性,形成了4种不同特色的管理学科高校群类。     

Using the taxonomy of cognitive learning to model online searching

In this research, we investigated whether a learning process has unique information searching characteristics. The results of this research show that information searching is a learning process with unique searching characteristics specific to particular learning levels. In a laboratory experiment, we studied the searching characteristics of 72 participants engaged in 426 searching tasks. We classified the searching tasks according to Anderson and Krathwohl’s taxonomy of the cognitive learning domain. Research results indicate that applying and analyzing, the middle two of the six categories, generally take the most searching effort in terms of queries per session, topics searched per session, and total time searching. Interestingly, the lowest two learning categories, remembering and understanding, exhibit searching characteristics similar to the highest order learning categories of evaluating and creating. Our results suggest the view of Web searchers having simple information needs may be incorrect. Instead, we discovered that users applied simple searching expressions to support their higher-level information needs. It appears that searchers rely primarily on their internal knowledge for evaluating and creating information needs, using search primarily for fact checking and verification. Overall, results indicate that a learning theory may better describe the information searching process than more commonly used paradigms of decision making or problem solving. The learning style of the searcher does have some moderating effect on exhibited searching characteristics. The implication of this research is that rather than solely addressing a searcher’s expressed information need, searching systems can also address the underlying learning need of the user.     

期刊出版单位编辑学研究水平与办刊质量的关系

【目的】考察出版单位编辑学论文的发表情况,从而探讨出版单位编辑学研究水平与其办刊质量的关系。【方法】 检索CNKI数据库2012—2014年《中国科技期刊研究》和《编辑学报》的文章,对参与发文的期刊出版单位的发文量进行统计和排序,得出发文量排名前10的单位,另外抽样只参与发表1篇论文的期刊出版单位,对二者办刊质量的相关指标,包括拥有期刊数、国内外重要数据库收录情况、影响因子变化、复合总被引频次、复合即年指标、Web即年下载率和总下载频次等进行比较分析。【结果】在这两刊上参与发表编辑学论文较多、编辑学研究水平较高的单位大部分旗下拥有多种期刊,有较多期刊被国内外重要数据库收录,并且旗下大部分期刊近两年的影响因子处于上升趋势,相关评价指标均优于发文较少的单位。【结论】出版单位开展编辑学研究活动可以促进编辑水平提高,促进出版单位建设,促进期刊外部发展环境优化,最终共同促进办刊质量提高。     

Genetic Polymorphisms Associated With Breast Cancer in Malaysian Cohort

Genome-wide association studies have discovered multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of common diseases. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the replication of previously published SNPs that showed statistical significance for breast cancer in the Malaysian population. In this case–control study, 80 subjects for each group were recruited from various hospitals in Malaysia. A total of 768 SNPs were genotyped and analyzed to distinguish risk and protective alleles. A total of three SNPs were found to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer while six SNPs showed protective effect. All nine were statistically significant SNPs (p ≤ 0.01), five SNPs from previous studies were successfully replicated in our study. Significant modifiable (diet) and non-modifiable (family history of breast cancer in first degree relative) risk factors were also observed. We identified nine SNPs from this study to be either conferring susceptibility or protection to breast cancer which may serve as potential markers in risk prediction.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12291-013-0414-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

我国图情领域近十年国际发文研究热点和前沿剖析

【目的/意义】为了揭示我国学者在图书情报领域最新国际发文情况,反映其阶段性特点及研究热点,以推动图情学科的国际化发展,提升其国际话语权和影响力。【方法/过程】借助InCites科研绩效评价工具,对近10年间(2009-2019年)图情领域中国大陆学者在国际期刊和会议上发文情况进行统计分析,利用CiteSpace绘制科学知识图谱,对该领域的研究人员、机构、研究热点和前沿等问题进行可视化分析。【结果/结论】清晰地展现了近10年间我国学者在此领域的国际化研究发展力量、研究热点演化脉络及研究前沿的突变步伐,从中发现问题,并指出发展方向。     

Task-based evaluation of text summarization using Relevance Prediction

This article introduces a new task-based evaluation measure called Relevance Prediction that is a more intuitive measure of an individual’s performance on a real-world task than interannotator agreement. Relevance Prediction parallels what a user does in the real world task of browsing a set of documents using standard search tools, i.e., the user judges relevance based on a short summary and then that same user—not an independent user—decides whether to open (and judge) the corresponding document. This measure is shown to be a more reliable measure of task performance than LDC Agreement, a current gold-standard based measure used in the summarization evaluation community. Our goal is to provide a stable framework within which developers of new automatic measures may make stronger statistical statements about the effectiveness of their measures in predicting summary usefulness. We demonstrate—as a proof-of-concept methodology for automatic metric developers—that a current automatic evaluation measure has a better correlation with Relevance Prediction than with LDC Agreement and that the significance level for detected differences is higher for the former than for the latter.     

Bibliometric maps of field of science

The present paper is devoted to two directions in algorithmic classificatory procedures: the journal co-citation analysis as an example of citation networks and lexical analysis of keywords in the titles and texts. What is common to those approaches is the general idea of normalization of deviations of the observed data from the mathematical expectation. The application of the same formula leads to discovery of statistically significant links between objects (journals in one case, keywords — in the other). The results of the journal co-citation analysis are reflected in tables and map for field “Women’s Studies” and for field “Information Science and Library Science”. An experimental attempt at establishing textual links between words was carried out on two samples from SSCI Data base: (1) EDUCATION and (2) ETHICS. The EDUCATION file included 2180 documents (of which 751 had abstracts); the ETHICS file included 807 documents (289 abstracts). Some examples of the results of this pilot study are given in tabular form . The binary links between words discovered in this way may form triplets or other groups with more than two member words.     

Bibliometric cartography of information retrieval research by using co-word analysis

The aim of this study is to map the intellectual structure of the field of Information Retrieval (IR) during the period of 1987–1997. Co-word analysis was employed to reveal patterns and trends in the IR field by measuring the association strengths of terms representative of relevant publications or other texts produced in IR field. Data were collected from Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) for the period of 1987–1997. In addition to the keywords added by the SCI and SSCI databases, other important keywords were extracted from titles and abstracts manually. These keywords were further standardized using vocabulary control tools. In order to trace the dynamic changes of the IR field, the whole 11-year period was further separated into two consecutive periods: 1987–1991 and 1992–1997. The results show that the IR field has some established research themes and it also changes rapidly to embrace new themes.     

QCS: A system for querying, clustering and summarizing documents

Information retrieval systems consist of many complicated components. Research and development of such systems is often hampered by the difficulty in evaluating how each particular component would behave across multiple systems. We present a novel integrated information retrieval system—the Query, Cluster, Summarize (QCS) system—which is portable, modular, and permits experimentation with different instantiations of each of the constituent text analysis components. Most importantly, the combination of the three types of methods in the QCS design improves retrievals by providing users more focused information organized by topic.We demonstrate the improved performance by a series of experiments using standard test sets from the Document Understanding Conferences (DUC) as measured by the best known automatic metric for summarization system evaluation, ROUGE. Although the DUC data and evaluations were originally designed to test multidocument summarization, we developed a framework to extend it to the task of evaluation for each of the three components: query, clustering, and summarization. Under this framework, we then demonstrate that the QCS system (end-to-end) achieves performance as good as or better than the best summarization engines.Given a query, QCS retrieves relevant documents, separates the retrieved documents into topic clusters, and creates a single summary for each cluster. In the current implementation, Latent Semantic Indexing is used for retrieval, generalized spherical k-means is used for the document clustering, and a method coupling sentence “trimming” and a hidden Markov model, followed by a pivoted QR decomposition, is used to create a single extract summary for each cluster. The user interface is designed to provide access to detailed information in a compact and useful format.Our system demonstrates the feasibility of assembling an effective IR system from existing software libraries, the usefulness of the modularity of the design, and the value of this particular combination of modules.     

Co-evolution of physical and social technologies in clinical practice: The case of HIV treatments

In this paper, we investigate the interplay of clinical knowledge and technological capabilities in the recent development of HIV/AIDS treatments and offer qualitative and quantitative evidence from the empirical setting of Italian practice. The study contributes to the literature on the co-evolution of physical and social technologies in medical innovation by showing how professional guidelines, systematic evaluative research and local coordination mechanisms contribute actively to the resolution of the uncertainty that surrounds technological advances, while leaving room for largely discretional therapeutic choices. The resulting variety in implementation strategies improves health outcomes, but may reduce productive efficiency.     

临床实验性护理研究期刊论文的伦理审查状况分析

[目的]了解国内护理期刊伦理审查状况及存在问题,以促进护理期刊的伦理学正确导向作用。[方法]以2014年版中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)纳入的护理期刊为研究对象,分析2013-2014年国内12家护理学类统计源期刊刊发临床实验性护理研究论文的伦理审查状况。[结果]我国12家护理统计源期刊近2年共刊发论文21080篇,其中临床实验性护理研究论文4799篇(22.8%)。文内提及患者或家属对研究知情同意的比例仅占临床实验性护理研究论文的41.2%(22.6%~81.5%),仅19.9%的论文在文内提及研究经伦理委员会批准(0%~64.6%)。[结论]目前我国护理期刊伦理审查状况不容乐观,亟待提高期刊编审人员伦理审查意识,以促进临床实验性护理研究的伦理学规范。     

基于撤稿观察数据库的论文撤稿国际比较研究

基于撤稿观察数据库,对2014-2018年间涉及基础生命科学、健康科学、环境科学、物理科学、商业和技术、人文科学和社会科学等七大领域的中国、美国、英国、德国和日本论文中2208篇撤稿进行分析,结果表明:各国的撤稿数量及因科研不端行为撤稿数量均呈现下降趋势,特别是中国的撤稿量明显降低,但中国因科研不端行为撤稿数量均高于其他四国,其中每万篇论文因科研不端行为撤稿在2018年已降低至0.84篇,但仍然为其他四国的2～5倍;从科研不端行为类型看,剽窃是最多发的行为;而从领域分布看,因科研不端行为的撤稿在基础生命科学和健康科学领域的比例呈现逐年减少趋势,在物理科学领域的占比逐年增加,呈现向新兴技术和交叉学科转变的新趋势.可见中国的科研诚信建设已取得很大进步,但整体的诚信环境与发达国家仍存在较大差距,应加强对发达国家尤其是德国的科研诚信建设经验研究和学习借鉴;各国应加大对科研活动中剽窃行为的打击力度,并注意提前开展针对新兴领域的科研不端潜在行为研究,为科研诚信建设、科研不端预防和监测提供方法与工具.     

Genetic Variant XRCC1 rs1799782 (C194T) and Risk of Cancer Susceptibility in Indian Population: A Meta-analysis of Case–Control Studies

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) plays a key role in the base excision repair pathway, as a scaffold protein that brings together proteins of the DNA repair complex. Several studies have reported contradictory results for XRCC1 exon 6 C>T (rs1799782) gene polymorphism and cancer risk in Indian population has provided inconsistent results. Therefore, we have performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between XRCC1 exon 6 C>T gene polymorphism and risk of cancer by published studies. We searched PubMed and Google scholar web databases to cover all studies published on association between XRCC1 exon 6 C>T gene polymorphism and cancer risk. The meta-analysis was carried out and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to appraise the strength of association. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the association, A total of 3197 confirmed cancer cases and 3819 controls were included from eligible seventeen case-controls studies. Results from overall pooled analysis demonstrated suggested that that variant allele (T vs. C: OR 1.301, 95% CI 1.003–1.688, p = 0.047) was associated with the risk of overall cancer. Other genetic models; heterozygous (TC vs. CC: OR 1.108, 95% CI 0.827–1.485, p = 0.491), homozygous (TT vs. CC: OR 1.479, 95% CI 0.877–2.493, p = 0.142), dominant (TT+TC vs. CC: OR 1.228, 95% CI 0.899–1.677, p = 0.196) and recessive (TT vs. TC+CC: OR 1.436, 95% CI 0.970–2.125, p = 0.071) did not reveal statistical association. Publication bias observation was also considered and none was detected during the analysis. The present meta-analysis suggested that the variant allele T of XRCC1 exon 6 gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of cancer. It is therefore pertinent to confirm this finding in a large sample size to divulge the mechanism of this polymorphism and cancer risk in Indian population.