Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among Gaza Strip adolescents in the wake of the second Uprising (Intifada)

OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents of the Gaza Strip have been subjected to continuous violence since the eruption of the second Intifada (Uprising). Little is known, however, about the psychological effects of this violence on children and adolescents of Gaza. Thus, the purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate and describe the psychological effects of exposure of war-like circumstances on this population. METHOD: Participants for this study were 229 Palestinian adolescents living in the Gaza Strip who were administered measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and coping. RESULTS: Of the 229 participants, 68.9% were classified as having developed PTSD, 40.0% reported moderate or severe levels of depression, 94.9% were classified as having severe anxiety levels, and 69.9% demonstrated undesirable coping responses. A canonical discriminant analysis revealed that adolescents diagnosed with PTSD tended to be those who reported the highest levels of depression, anxiety, and positive reappraisal coping, and the lowest levels of seeking guidance and support coping. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a significant proportion of Palestinian adolescents living in the Gaza Strip are experiencing serious psychological distress.     

Self-esteem and coping strategies among deaf students

Research studies on the determinants of self-esteem of deaf individuals often yield inconsistent findings. The current study assessed the effects on self-esteem of factors related to deafness, such as the means of communication at home and severity of hearing loss with hearing aid, as well as the coping styles that deaf people adopt to cope with everyday life in a hearing world. Data were collected among the deaf students of California State University, Northridge. Hierarchical regression modeling showed that identification with the Deaf community significantly contributed to positive self-esteem. Results also revealed that deaf students with greater degree of hearing loss and with bicultural skills that help them function in both the hearing and the Deaf community generally have higher self-esteem. Implications for further study are discussed.     

Maltreatment among runaway and homeless youth

A sample of 223 adolescents who sought services from runaway and homeless youth programs in New York State during 1986-1987 was identified as having a history of maltreatment. A demographic profile is presented and the nature of their maltreatment described. The majority of these youth were female and between 15-16 years of age. Less than 25% came from intact families and one-third were born to single mothers. Of the sample, 60% had allegedly experienced physical abuse, 42% emotional abuse, 48% neglect, and 21% sexual abuse. Over one-third were "pushed out" of their homes by their families. Biological mothers were the most frequently cited perpetrators of maltreatment (63%), followed by biological fathers (45%). The sample of maltreated runaways is compared to both statewide and national samples of runaway and homeless youth with regard to their demographic characteristics and the problems they present to staff at intake (e.g., depression, substance abuse, etc.). Youth in the maltreated sample were more likely to be female and were more likely to have engaged in suicidal behavior. Otherwise, the maltreated runaways were not readily distinguished from the runaway and homeless youth population at large.     

执行者—观察者道德判断偏差及其应对策略

在道德心理学中,人们因社会视角不同而出现的认知偏差,称为执行者—观察者道德判断偏差,本文从心理学视角出发,以中国文化为背景,综合道德判断的相关研究,为缓和执行者—观察者道德判断偏差对人们生活的影响提出若干建议与策略。     

Childhood physical and sexual abuse: prevalence and correlates among adolescents living in rural Taiwan

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this cross-sectional survey study were to examine the prevalence and correlates of childhood physical and sexual abuse in adolescents living in the rural areas of Taiwan. METHOD: A sample of indigenous (n=756) and non-indigenous (n=928) adolescents was randomly selected from junior high schools in the rural areas of southern Taiwan. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data anonymously. The prevalence of childhood physical and sexual abuse was examined and their correlates were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 374 (22.2%) adolescents reported experience of physical abuse and 42 (2.5%) reported sexual abuse in their childhood. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the adolescents who perceived poor family function, frequent family conflicts and whose parents drank habitually were more likely to experience physical abuse. The adolescents who were indigenous and perceived frequent family conflicts were more likely to experience childhood sexual abuse. Further analyses indicated that indigenous boys had a higher risk of being the victims of sexual abuse than non-indigenous boys, while no difference was found between indigenous and non-indigenous girls. CONCLUSION: The results remind clinical workers of the importance of taking abuse histories from adolescents on a routine basis, and this is especially important in the case of dysfunctional families. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Adolescents who live in rural areas have less social and medical resources for early detection and intervention of physical and sexual abuse. Correlates of physical and sexual abuse identified in this study may be helpful for the design and implementation of preventive intervention.     

Assessing coping in children and adolescents: Research and practice

Although standardized and psychometrically-sound instruments for assessing children's coping are essential to both clinical practice and theory development, there have been few systematic efforts to design such measures. This review of assessment instruments compatible with the Lazarus and Folkman (1984) formulation of coping reveals a limited number of instruments but great diversity in the types of techniques employed to assess the coping of children and adolescents. Types of measures critiqued include projective techniques, interviews, questionnaires, and behavioral observation scales. A comprehensive assessment procedure is proposed and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

大学英语跨文化教学中的问题及应对策略

跨文化教学目前是大学英语教学改革中的重要突破口,愈来愈受到重视,然而在传统教学模式的长期影响的情况下,跨文化教学在教学实践过程中依然有许多的问题。本文分析了目前大学英语跨文化教学中存在的问题并提出应对策略,进而帮助学生提高自身的跨文化意识以及跨文化的能力。     

新课程背景下初中语文作文教学障碍分析及其应对策略

在初中语文教学体系中作文教学具有十分重要的地位,在一定程度上已经发展成为衡量初中学生语文应用水平的重要标准。因此,在文将探讨新课程背景下初中语文作文教学中存在的障碍,进而在此基础上提出应对策略,目的在于有效促进初中语文作文教学质量的提高,进而提高中学生的写作应用能力。     

Psychological maltreatment,coping strategies,and mental health problems: A brief and effective measure of psychological maltreatment in adolescents

Psychological maltreatment is an important social and public health problem and associated with a wide range of short and long-term outcomes in childhood to adulthood. Given the importance of investigating mitigating factors on its effect, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediating effect of active and avoidant coping strategies on the association between psychological maltreatment and mental health– internalizing and externalizing– problems in adolescents. Participants of the study consisted of 783 adolescents, ranging in age from 14 to 18 years (M = 15.57, SD = 0.88), with 52.9% female and 47.1% male. Several structural equation models were conducted to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies on the effect of psychological maltreatment on adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings from mediation analyses demonstrated the mediating effect of active and avoidant coping strategies on the association between psychological maltreatment and mental health problems. The outcomes support adolescents use more avoidant coping strategies and fewer active coping strategies in the face of psychological maltreatment experiences, and this affects their mental health. Taken together, these results should contribute to the design of prevention and intervention services in order to promote mental health.     

Be cool with academic stress: the association between emotional states and regulatory strategies among Chinese adolescents

Numerous studies have suggested that academic stress has negative impact on adolescents’ psychological function, few of those studies, however, considered whether and how the impact of stress on adolescents’ emotional states is moderated by corresponding regulation. This study aimed to examine the fluctuation of emotional states before and after the mid-term examination and the influence of different emotional regulatory strategies. In the present study, 72 adolescents aged 12–18 reported their emotional states and corresponding regulation before and after mid-term examination up to six times over a period of two weeks. Results showed that: (a) On the sampling day, the participants reported increasingly emotional states as time went by. Improvement of adolescents’ daily emotional states was more significant after the mid-term examination. Participants reported decreasingly positive emotional states and increasingly negative ones as time went by before mid-term examination. (b) Adolescents who used down-regulation at a certain sampling moment reported more pleasant emotional states at the subsequent sampling moment than those who used up-regulation. Adolescents who used more up-regulation in a negative emotional event reported more negative emotional states at the subsequent sampling moment after the mid-term examination.     

高校实验室生物安全存在的问题及应对策略

实验室生物安全是高校实验室建设与管理的一项重要内容,是建设和谐校园的必要条件。我国高校分布着不同等级的生物安全实验室,开展病原微生物相关的教学科研工作。针对部分实验室存在着建设、管理和使用等方面的问题,建议高校从设立管理机构、完善管理制度、重视安全教育、加强硬件建设、规范废弃物管理等方面来提升生物安全实验室的规范性和安全性,及时消除安全隐患。     

浅析高校学生干部存在问题及应对策略

目前学生干部普遍存在思想觉悟不高、韧性不足、缺乏责任感,心理素质差等问题。必须在了解高校学生干部现状的基础上,帮助学生干部树立正确的理想与信念、增强责任意识、个人能力,从而实现个人的人生价值。     

论我国高职教育发展的现实状况与应对策略

十多年来,我国高等职业教育实现了跨越式发展。虽然取得了许多历史性的成就,成为高等教育改革和发展的重要力量,同时也存在着许多问题,这些问题给高职的发展带了不利的影响,本文在分析高职教育发展所面临问题的基础上,提出了相关的应对策略。     

浅析大学英语学生学习现状及应对策略

本文就我国大学英语课程中学生的学习现状进行了分析,并就如何解决提出了相关的应对策略,希望对学生学习大学英语,提高英语能力有所帮助。     

浅析独立学院机械类毕业生就业现状及应对策略

"就业乃民生之本",大学生就业问题是当前政府、社会、高校等各方关注的焦点。独立学院人才培养方向多以应用型人才为主,突出学院自身特色与品牌建设,学生就业是根本亦是关键。本文从我校机械工程学院2012届至2014届毕业生就业现状出发,通过毕业生跟踪调查回访,探索提升机械专业毕业生就业质量的应对策略。     

小学生享乐主义分析与应对策略

小学阶段是一个人成长的重要阶段,也为以后的成长奠定基石,而现在小学生在其成长阶段不断地受到社会不良思想的影响。学校应从加强思想品德教育工作、提高思想品德教育的实效性、转变学生心态等方面进行应对。     

大学生人格特征、社会支持对应对策略的影响

通过对316名大学生人格特征、社会支持和应对策略的分析,探讨大学生人格特征和社会支持对应对策略的影响,结果表明:(1)高社会支持水平会增加积极应对策略的使用;(2)人格特征对个体应对策略使用的影响力大于社会支持;(3)最容易受人格特征因素影响的应对策略是解决问题;(4)高行事风格人格特征会增加消极应对策略的使用,减少解决问题这种积极应对策略的使用;(5)高情绪性人格特征会增加消极应对策略的使用,同时也会增加求助应对策略的使用;(6)高外向性人格特征会增加积极应对策略的使用,减少消极应对策略的使用,这种人格特征相对于其他人格特征来说对个体应对策略的影响最大。     

高校辅导员在心理健康类突发事件中的应对策略

心理健康类突发事件是当前高校发生频率较高的一类突发事件,主要集中在认知障碍、情绪障碍、意志行为障碍等心理疾患方面,影响了校园的稳定与和谐。处于学生工作一线的高校辅导员应加强青年心理学、心理咨询技能等心理学知识的学习,以妥善应对此类突发事件。应对的策略主要包括:事前注重预防阶段的教育引导,呵护大学生心灵健康;遇事灵活应对,从情绪干预、认知策略干预、舆论干预等方面进行合理适当的心理危机干预;事后扮演心理咨询师的角色,帮助学生分析心理现象、掌握心理调适技能,并获得心理上的支持与安慰,尽快回到正常的生活和学习轨道上。     

Chinese teachers' attributions and coping strategies for student classroom misbehaviour

In this study, we investigated Chinese teachers' attributions and coping strategies for classroom misbehaviour across grade levels. A total of 244 teachers (Grades 1–12) from the Chinese mainland participated in this survey. Results indicated that Chinese teachers first attributed misbehaviour to student characteristics, such as being “lazy, not making enough effort”, and second to “bad learning habits”. Looking across grade levels, elementary teachers first blamed student learning habits while secondary teachers blamed student effort. With regard to coping strategies, inconsistencies were found across grade levels and between teachers' perceptions and actions. The majority of sampled elementary teachers tended to choose “praising good students” as the most effective and often-used strategy, while secondary teachers believed in “talking after class”. In fact, “talking after class” was viewed to be more effective as grade level increased. However, teachers reported that they did not actually use the strategy of “talking after class” very often when coping with misbehaviours.     

论地质找矿的相关问题和应对策略

在现阶段,我国的城市化建设进一步加快,地质找矿工作的重要性也越来越明显,但是目前在地质找矿过程中还存在很多的问题,本文就这些问题进行了详细的阐述,并且提出了合理解决问题的办法。