10种中药对奶牛乳房炎病原菌的体外抑菌试验

测定了黄芩、黄柏、黄连、大黄、金银花、秦皮、板蓝根、丹参、诃子、石榴皮对6种奶牛乳房炎病原菌的体外抑茵效果和最低抑菌浓度。结果表明,黄芩、黄柏、黄连、丹参、石榴皮对6种奶牛乳房炎病原菌均有明显的抑菌作用,其余的则差异较大；对绵阳市奶牛乳房炎的防治,首选中药为黄连,同时可选用大黄、诃子、石榴皮、黄芩、金银花组方。     

原始文化的瑰宝——桦树皮文化

桦树皮文化是人类原始文化的组成部分。我国北方游猎民族如鄂伦眷族、鄂温克族、赫哲族等使用桦树皮的历史很长，至今不同程度保留有桦树皮文化特征。这为我们研究这一古老文化提供了依据和线索。     

微毛诃子树皮醇提取液半数致死量的测定及对肠肌的作用

目的：研究微毛诃子树皮醇提取液对小鼠的半数致死量（LD50）以及在体肠肌的影响,并且观察其对豚鼠离体肠肌的影响。方法：按Bliss法设计实验,对小鼠灌胃给药,观察5 d内小鼠的毒性反应和死亡情况,以小鼠急性死亡率为指标,测定微毛诃子提取液对小鼠的LD50;采用炭末推进实验观察药物对在体肠肌的影响;以豚鼠离体肠肌收缩幅度、张力为指标,采用离体标本运动实验法观察微毛诃子树皮醇提液对豚鼠离体肠肌的影响及其作用机制。结果：微毛诃子树皮提取液小鼠灌胃给药的LD50为5.69 g/kg,LD50的95%的可信限为4.60~7.05 g/kg;微毛诃子树皮的醇提液对小鼠在体肠肌和豚鼠离体肠肌都具有明显的舒张作用,且组胺对微毛诃子树皮的醇提液的抑制作用具有拮抗作用。结论：微毛诃子树皮的醇提取液具有一定的毒性,同时微毛诃子树皮醇提液能在一定程度上抑制肠肌的收缩,且作用机制可能与阻断组织胺受体有关。     

白鲜根皮与木心活性成分比较研究

目的：比较白鲜根皮和木心的活性成分,为白鲜产地加工是否需要去心提供理论依据．方法：采用HPLC法测定白鲜根皮与木心中挎酮和黄柏酮含量,并比较HPLC指纹图谱相似度．结果：根皮中的褡酮和黄柏酮含量分别为0．7731％、0．3029％,木心中的棒酮和黄柏酮含量分别为0．4712％、0．1785％;根皮与木心指纹图谱的相似度达0．923,有12个共有峰．结论：以棒酮和黄柏酮为指标,白鲜根皮中两者含量均大于木心中的两者含量;根皮与木心中两者含量均达到了中国药典要求,二者HPLC指纹图谱的吻合程度较高,活性成分相似．白鲜根皮可不去木心入药．     

铁皮石斛炼苗技术的研究

研究了铁皮石斛幼苗在闭瓶炼苗0、5、10和15d后,分别在细柴皮、刨花、锯末3种基质下栽培,并在1／2MS营养液、平衡肥和不施肥3种施肥条件下的成活率情况。结果发现：闭瓶炼苗天数和炼苗基质均能显著影响铁皮石斛幼苗的成活率,随着闭瓶炼苗天数的增加幼苗成活率显著提高,并且以细柴皮作为基质成活率最高。最佳炼苗组合为细松树皮＋1／2MS营养液＋闭瓶炼苗10d,成活率98％。其次为细松树皮＋平衡肥＋闭瓶炼苗10d,成活率92．67％;细松树皮＋1／2Ms营养液＋闭瓶炼苗15d,成活率92．33％;细松树皮＋1／2MS营养液＋闭瓶炼苗5d,成活率91．339／6。     

Tannins from Canarium album with potent antioxidant activity

The contents of total phenolics and extractable condensed tannins in the leaves,twigs and stem bark of Canarium album were determined.The structural heterogeneity of condensed tannins from stem bark was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses.The results show the predominance of signals representative of procyanidins and prodelphinidins.In addition,epicatechin and epigallocatechin polymers with galloylated procyanidin or prodelphinidin were also observed.The tannins were screened for their potential antioxidant activities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) model systems.Tannins extracted from leaves,twigs and stem bark all showed a very good DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power.     

北方渔猎民族桦皮文化述论

文章以我国北方渔猎民族资料为基础,结合历史文献、考古资料和黑龙江省博物馆馆藏桦皮制品。详尽论述了桦皮文化的起源和分布范围、桦皮制品的种类和工艺、桦皮文化形成的原因和它的历史地位。     

Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnolia officinalis</Emphasis> Rehder &amp; E. Wilson (Houpo) and its constituents

Traditional Chinese herbal drugs have been used for thousands of years in Chinese pharmacopoeia. The bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson, known under the pinyin name “Houpo”, has been traditionally used in Chinese and Japanese medicines for the treatment of anxiety, asthma, depression, gastrointestinal disorders, headache, and more. Moreover, Magnolia bark extract is a major constituent of currently marketed dietary supplements and cosmetic products. Much pharmacological activity has been reported for this herb and its major compounds, notably antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and antispasmodic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying this have not been elucidated and only a very few clinical trials have been published. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies have also been published and indicate some intriguing features. The present review aims to summarize the literature on M. officinalis bark composition, utilisation, pharmacology, and safety.     

Insecticidal activity of the medicinal plant, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alstonia boonei</Emphasis> De Wild,against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesamia calamistis</Emphasis> Hampson

The bioactivity of the aqueous extracts of the leaf and stem bark of the medicinal plant, Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocyanaceae), against the pink stalk borer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was studied in a laboratory bioassay. The extracts were incorporated into artificial diet at a rate of 0.0% (control), 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0% (w/w). Both extracts significantly (P<0.01) reduced larval survival and weight in a dose dependent manner. The concentrations that killed 50% of the larvae (LC50) for the stem bark extract were 2.8% and 2.1% at 10 and 20 DAI (days after introduction), respectively, while those for the leaves extract were 5.6% and 3.5%. The weights of the larvae also varied significantly (P<0.05) between the treatments in a dose dependent manner. We conclude that both leaf and stem bark extracts of A. boonei are toxic, used as growth inhibitors to S. calamistis larvae, and hold good promise for use as alternative crop protectants against S. calamistis.     

童谣一首

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红蓼对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力的影响

实验发现红蓼的有效化学成份牡荆素和槲皮甙等均能提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。     

一种产鬼臼毒素真菌的分离

从云南省嵩明县产的川八角莲(Dysosma veitchii)植株的韧皮部(地下茎)中分离得到29株内生真菌,并用薄层层析技术(TLC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)对其中一株真菌BN-04的培养物进行了分析,初步结果表明此真菌培养物中含有抗癌药物鬼臼毒素,经鉴定菌株BN-04为无孢类群(Mycelia sterilia)。     

果胶的提取工艺及新技术应用研究

对不同原料(柑桔皮、木瓜、向日葵盘、甘蔗渣、松树皮和西瓜皮)中果胶的提取进行了简要介绍,同时阐述了果胶生产过程中新技术(膜分离技术、微波等)的应用及对果胶产品质量的影响.     

Living on the bark

Bark has different characteristics and functions depending on the species of tree. It provides trees with essential structural support, conducts nutrients from the leaves down to the roots, and offers protection from various animate and inanimate agents. Apart from harbouring a large number of living beings on the body, bark also supports our life on this planet.     

Essential oils and fragrances from natural sources

The study of a perfume includes extraction of scented ingredients from botanicals, behavior of chemical components, and careful blending of scents to achieve the desired composition. Essential oils may be found in roots, flowers, leaves, fruit, seeds or bark of the plant. Growing and harvesting conditions are optimized for the production of the best fragrances. An erratum to this article is available at .     

和厚朴酚及其抗肿瘤作用

从传统的中草药这些天然物质中寻找安全有效的抗肿瘤药物是目前肿瘤治疗研究的一个热点。和厚朴酚作为木兰科植物厚朴的主要活性成分,通过细胞毒作用,抑制新生血管,诱导细胞分化,诱导细胞凋亡,抑制酶的合成以及抑制DNA、RNA和(或)蛋白质的合成等机制发挥了抗肿瘤的作用。     

注商两则:"东犬西吠"、"公子"

新编高中语文第二册的“东犬西吠”不应解释为一般的陈述句：“东家的狗(听见西家声音)就对着西家叫”,而应理解为互文：“东家的狗和西家的狗相互在叫”;第三册中的“公子”不是指湘君。而是指湘夫人。     

浅谈满汉交流中的满族手工业变迁

满族在南迁的过程中,生态环境与社会环境改变,与汉文化接触增多,由渔猎走向农耕,由迁徙渐趋定居,其手工业也发生了一系列相应的改变。在原有的石器制造、骨角制造、木器制造、毛皮制造、树皮制造等基础上,又引入了先进的铸造和纺织技术,进而促进了部门独立和劳动分工,从而实现了手工业生产的阶段性飞跃。文章运用文化语言学理论方法,重点从借词角度对此变迁进行实证性研究。     

浅谈满汉交流中的满族手工业变迁

满族在南迁的过程中,生态环境与社会环境改变,与汉文化接触增多,由渔猎走向农耕,由迁徙渐趋定居,其手工业也发生了一系列相应的改变。在原有的石器制造、骨角制造、木器制造、毛皮制造、树皮制造等基础上,又引入了先进的铸造和纺织技术,进而促进了部门独立和劳动分工,从而实现了手工业生产的阶段性飞跃。文章运用文化语言学理论方法,重点从借词角度对此变迁进行实证性研究。     

释"器"

文章分析了"器"字的金文形体,其形体为犬从的会意字,表示犬吠之义."器"一词在造字时采用了和本义相关的事件来表现.因为是有价值的器物,所以器物拥有者便养犬来看守,如遇外面生人接近或图谋不轨,则家犬就会狂吠.<说文>对"器"的形体分析不确.