反映性实践论视角下工程实践课程的反思与重构

反映性实践论认为,工程实践具有价值性、情境交互性、反思性和艺术性的特点,因而工程实践课程可界定为学校为学生提供的在真实工程实践情境中具有互动性、反思性和创造性的学习机会。受科技理性的影响,当前的工程实践课程存在边缘化、形式化、功利化的问题,高校应改革工程实践课程的价值体系、内容体系、经验体系和实施体系来重构工程实践课程。具体而言,即"以人为本",重塑工程实践课程的价值体系;以项目式设计为核心,构建工程实践课程的内容体系;以实践共同体为取向,整合工程实践课程的经验体系;以反思性实践为导向,构建工程实践课程的实施体系。     

借鉴国外实践教学模式 深化工学结合教学改革

德、美、英、澳等国的先进实践教学模式表明,我国高职院校工学结合教学改革必须突出课程设置的专业与技能教育,改革课堂教学方法与评价模式,优化职教＂双师＂结构,重新规范顶岗实习,更新校企合作模式以及制定新的政策,以得到立法的保障。     

从反思性教学看反思性学习

反思生教学是教师对教学实践的思考、分析和评价，是教师实现自我发展的有效途径。开放性思维、责任心和敬业精神是教师进行反思性教学必不可少的三种态度，在外语教学中，应根据学生的认知水平，注意培养学生的反思性学习能力。     

论教师从实践性反思到反思性实践的条件

教师反思的最终目的在于提高教育教学质量,促进学生的发展,这决定了教师的实践性反思的成果应向实践转化,应时后继的教育教学行为起监控、调整和改造作用。实现这种转化的条件是教师对教育教学的"有问题"部分的反思应成为内含建设性方案的完整的反思;教师不仅应反思教况,更应反思学况;应减少对教师教育教学的不合理的干预,增强教师的教育教学行为的自主性;教师应具有强烈的改革意识,积极投身教改;应克服职业取向的物化倾向,努力追求自我实现。     

西方反思型实践理论综述

思想源于杜威的反思型教师教育思潮自从20世纪80年代在北美大陆兴起以后，迅速扩展到全世界，与之相关的课题成为教育家关注和研究的重点。本文对近20年来西方学者在反思型实践理论方面的研究成果进行了初步介绍，内容包括反思型实践的概念、策略以及与反思型实践密切相关的行动研究的理论。     

Developing reflective cyber communities in the blogosphere: a case study in Taiwan higher education

The purpose of this study is to highlight the possibilities and challenges that underlie efforts to integrate blogs into teacher-education programs in Taiwan higher education. The participants were 12 pre-service teachers undertaking Master's level study in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. The outcomes of the blogging project were highlighted in terms of pre-teachers' professional development on the blogs, their difficulties encountered, problem-solving strategies employed, and the students' perception of blogging. The results suggested that blogging could encourage pre-service teachers to actively and reflectively engage in knowledge sharing, knowledge transformation, and knowledge generation. Blogging also encouraged the development of numerous strategies to cope with difficulties encountered in the blogging process. Overall, pre-service teachers held positive attitudes toward blogging as a support for their professional development and were conscious of audience considerations, and so tended to select and respond to blog content deemed interesting and useful to their audience.     

Conjoint Analysis of Study Abroad Preferences: Key Attributes,Segments and Implications for Increasing Student Participation

An adaptive conjoint analysis was performed on the study abroad preferences of a sample of undergraduate college students. The results indicate that trip location, cost, and time spent abroad are the three most important determinants of student preference for different study abroad trip scenarios. The analysis also uncovered four different study abroad need-based segments. In order to increase study abroad participation rates it is recommended that universities determine which of these segments they want to target, and then develop a set of study abroad offerings and communication strategies custom designed to address the particular needs of each targeted segment. Recommendations on how to market to each segment are provided.     

反思型教师与行动研究初探

反思型教师的培养有助于解决教育理论研究与教育实践脱节的问题。由于反思型教师教育与行动研究具有根基上的一致性和方法上的互通性,行动研究就一直被作为促进反思型教师成长与发展的主要的,行之有效的方法之一。     

Reflective Practice in Physical Education and Physical Education Teacher Education: A Review of the Literature Since 1995

Reflection and reflective practice are key concepts in the educational literature as well as in research on physical education (PE) and physical education teacher education (PETE). The purpose of this article is to review the current empirical knowledge base for reflection and reflective practice in PE and PETE from 1995 to 2011. The review includes empirical research published in peer reviewed journals on the topics on reflection and reflective practice in the contexts of PE and PETE. There were 33 articles included in the review. Most of the research is conducted in the PETE context, where it was found that pre-service teachers do develop their reflective capabilities. However, the results also indicate students make little progress on critical reflections. In the PE context, it was found that teachers express a need for reflective communities. Theoretical and methodological challenges with the reviewed literature are discussed and suggestions for further research proposed.     

反思学习研究及其面临的时代课题

反思学习的研究重点在于其概念、类型、模式和实施策略。反思学习实现对反思性学习神秘性的"祛魅",注重经验及其转变的过程性和技术性,趋向社会性和实践性。其集中表现在:反思形式从沉思走向实践反思;从个体反思学习走向社会化反思学习;从过去的"反思性"走向外显的、实证的"反思";从对抗、竞争式批判走向理解、诠释;从以往的经验反思...     

略论出国留学教育决策的战略性调整与政策取向

根据国家对出国留学教育决策的战略性调整，当前应当注意研究和解决好今后一个时期我国整体留学工作的深化改革和政策创新方面的若干问题。     

Developing,expressing and contesting opinions of science: encouraging the student voice

In a typical science degree, little emphasis is placed on the need for scientists to make judgements about evidence and little value is placed on the development of students' opinions about science, with the focus largely on assessment of declarative knowledge. Yet it is the ability to evaluate evidence that is crucial to the development of the student as a scientist. This study assesses the impact on students' conceptions of science of a course that aims to engage students in discussion and reflection on what scientists do and on their own learning about science. Analysis of written reflective assignments from the three years the course has been run shows that participants become more confident in their expression of opinions about science and also develop a more mature view of science and its inherent uncertainty. It appears that a critical factor enabling this development is the way the course activities are designed to explicitly value students' opinions and to provide a supportive environment in which they can be expressed and contested.     

《遨游汉字王国》综合性学习研究与实践

汉字教学作为语文教学中的一项重要内容,对于提升语文素养起着重要的推动作用。在语文课程的教学实践过程中帮助学生对汉字进行认知与学习,能够使学生更深刻地理解汉字知识。为进一步使学生了解中华传统文化,实现学生语文素养及综合素质的提升,在进行教学时教师可以借助综合性实践教学的方式开展实践活动,本文将对多样的教学形式进行详细概述。     

Reflective practicum in higher education: the influence of the learning environment on the quality of learning

Sustaining students in becoming reflective practitioners is considered as a valued outcome of higher education. The paper aims to evaluate the impact of the learning environment conditions inspired by Schön’s theory of reflective practicum, by discussing a case study of a master’s degree class. The learning environment was designed to sustain reflective practice and meaningful engagement through professional practice simulation, problem-based learning and reflective writing. Unlike much of the research into reflective learning, the quality of learning was evaluated by assessing the use of reflective practice in students’ weekly journaling, rather than measuring students’ satisfaction or perceptions of effectiveness. Two hundred and six journal entries of 23 students were assessed and used in a quantitative analysis based on a linear mixed-effects model. Findings indicated that the reflective practicum has an incremental effect on students’ reflective practices and that reflective practice is dynamic and sensitive to specific learning environment conditions. In conclusion, students’ co-responsibility of the learning environment allowed by the professional practice simulation appears to foster meaningful and reflective learning. Conversely, conditions that stimulate only cognitive engagement have little impact or even inhibit reflective practices. Practical implications of the use of reflective journal are discussed.     

行动研究对教师信念、反思实践和直觉知识的培育

行动研究被认为是促进教师专业发展的一种重要方式,也是教师从事研究的一种最好方式。改变教师信念,促成教师成为反思实践者,以及培育教师直觉知识是行动研究对教师专业发展起关键作用的变量。     

Going Global: Understanding the Choice Process of the Intent to Study Abroad

This study applies an integrated model of college choice to better describe students who do and do not intend to study abroad. Although internationalization through study abroad is widely touted as a preferred means of developing globally competent college graduates, very little is known about the factors that influence students’ predisposition to study abroad. This research explores the impact of financial, human, social, and cultural capital on students’ intent to study abroad. Analysis of data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education (WNSLAE) demonstrates a complex interplay between SES, accumulated pre-college capital, and capital acquired during the freshman year. Important implications for national policy makers, senior administrators, study abroad professionals and higher education researchers are discussed.     

Reflective practice in the transition phase from university student to novice graduate: implications for teaching reflective practice

Reflective practice is widely taught within higher education and is regarded as beneficial to developing graduates' ability to practise effectively within professional environments. In spite of widespread acceptance of the merits of reflective practice, a comprehensive understanding of teaching reflective practice remains incomplete and contested. This paper reports on a study undertaken to explore physiotherapy students' experiences and perceptions of learning reflective practice in order to critically and meaningfully inform current teaching practice. The findings identified that students and graduates conceptualised reflective practice in terms of the challenges they faced in the concrete tasks of daily novice practice. They used methods of reflection that were embedded in the context of their daily practice with particular emphasis on using social and collective opportunities for reflection. The preferred methods of reflective practice used by students and graduates contrasted with traditional approaches to teaching reflective practice. This study supports rethinking approaches for teaching reflective practice to incorporate approaches that are embedded within real and daily practice experiences.     

反思性学习：体育教师教育智慧的意蕴

在现代社会中体育教师不仅要有扎实的专业知识,还应该具有一定的反思能力,对教学实践不断地追问审视,因此反思性学习就成为体育教师追求教育智慧的学问。这要求教师应具有人文情怀,经过反思训练,进入哲学境界,在实践的反思中升华体育教师的教育智慧。