Efectos de las horas y los hábitos de sueño en el rendimiento académico de niños de 6 y 7 años: un estudio preliminar

Resumen

El presente estudio investiga la relación entre aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos del sueño y el rendimiento académico en niños de 6 y 7 años. Un total de 142 alumnos de primaria (65 niñas y 77 niños) procedentes de diversos centros escolares y sin alteraciones patológicas que afectan el sueño fueron evaluados, a través de un cuestionario presentado a los padres, respecto a sus hábitos y horas de sueño nocturno. Paralelamente, se evaluaron una serie de competencias académicas (comunicativas, metodológicas, transversales y específicas). Los resultados mostraron un peor desempeño escolar en los niños con menos horas de sueño y con unos malos hábitos de sueño, efecto que ya se había observado en estudios anteriores. Dormir menos de nueve horas y acostarse tarde y de forma irregular afecta al rendimiento académico de los niños de esta franja de edad respecto a todas las competencias evaluadas, excepto las específicas, a las que sólo afecta el mal hábito. Los autores concluyen que mantener una higiene de sueño adecuada a la edad contribuye al desarrollo cognitivo positivo y sugieren el desarrollo de programas de prevención al respecto.     

What is the key to academic success? An analysis of the relationship between time use and student performance / ¿Dónde está la clave del éxito académico? Un análisis de la relación entre el uso del tiempo y el rendimiento académico

University students’ use of time is one of the most relevant inputs to their education process. The aim of this work is therefore to explore the effect that the time spent on different academic and non-academic activities (collected using a diary) has on student performance, in order to determine which of these activities improve students’ marks. Moreover, we investigate the role of quality variables such as study skills. Using a sample of undergraduate business students, we find that academic activities such as doing assignments in teams, attending university lectures and self study have significant positive effects on students’ marks. It is thus concluded that to improve academic performance it is not only the quantity of time that matters but also quality aspects like the ability to schedule.     

A practical tutorial programme for first-year university students: impact of its academic recognition / Un programa tutorial práctico en alumnos universitarios de nuevo ingreso: incidencia de su reconocimiento académico

The task of guiding and tutoring in higher education contributes to increasing the quality of teaching at university. Students who access university studies require specific guidance which is different from that required by more senior students. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive model of tutorial guidance. The model seeks to satisfy the specific needs of first-year university students, both in terms of personal support and formative and informative support, through a set of coordinated activities during the first year of their degree. The teaching experience carried out demonstrates the students’ interest in the tutoring programme offered, and measures the impact that its academic recognition has in terms of students enrolling on and following the programme. The methodology used shows the characteristics of the programme introduced and then shows the results obtained, which are discussed in relation to the research objectives.     

Involvement in sedentary activities and academic performance in adolescents: differences according to sociodemographic variables / Implicación en actividades sedentarias y rendimiento académico en adolescentes: diferencias según variables sociodemográficas

This study provides a first-time analysis of the differences in the time dedicated each day to different sedentary activities (SA) (productive, technology-based recreation and social activities) and their relation with the academic performance of Spanish adolescents according to sex, school year and socioeconomic status (SES). The sample was made up of 681 participants (50.2% girls), between 12 and 18 years old, who completed self-reported questionnaires. The likelihood of obtaining lower levels of academic success increase in adolescents who spend two or more hours on social SAs and have a lower SES. With boys, this increases further if they spend four or more hours on SAs involving technology-based recreation and two or less hours on productive SAs. In conclusion, adolescents spend a high number of hours carrying out sedentary activities after school. This is something that needs controlling since it may have a detrimental effect on their academic success, especially among adolescent boys.