The Reliability and Validity of the Fitjump Photoelectric Cell System for Determining Vertical Jump Height

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to assess the reliability and validity of the Fitjump system. Fifty-seven participants (age = 22.62 ± 5.24 years, height = 180.69 ± 12.53 cm, body mass = 75.61 ± 9.56 kg) performed three countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) with a 1-week interval for test and retest reliability. For validity, the participants performed the same jump protocol on the force platform while being simultaneously measured with the Fitjump system. There was excellent test–retest reliability of the Fitjump system for CMJ and SJ with high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs) (0.97 and 0.97, respectively), low coefficient variation (CVs) (2.3% and 2.4%, respectively), and low typical error of estimate [(TEE (%)] (4.0% and 4.4%, respectively). For validity, ICCs were extremely high for CMJ and SJ (0.93 and 0.94, respectively), with low TEE (%) (2.9% and 2.0%, respectively). However, Fitjump overestimated jump height for CMJ and SJ (3.54 and 3.37 cm, respectively; p < 0.001) when compared with the force platform. As a conclusion, the Fitjump system demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and high relationship with a systematic bias for validity. Therefore, the Fitjump system can be used as a portable tool for monitoring vertical jump changes over time, but it should not be used interchangeably with a force platform.     

青少年运动员的心理发展及心理调节

根据青少年的心理特征和竞技体育发展的需要,对青少年运动员的心理发展和心理调节应当特别强调针对性和直观性,才能保证其效果。在分析竞技体育运动对青少年心理能力的要求、探讨针对青少年运动员心理调节的特点和原则的基础上,通过个案研究和文献资料综述得出研究结论。     

纵跳中关节功率及其与人体疲劳的关系

考察了纵跳中关节功率及其与人体疲劳的关系。 2次纵跳分别在功率自行车上蹬踏 30 s之前和之后进行。纵跳动作用摄像机摄录下来 ,并在运动解析仪上加以分析。纵跳中的地面反力用测力台测量。根据采集的数据计算了关节功率。通过比较 2组数据计算了各关节处关节功率的变化 ,从而得到了对人体疲劳的一种定量描述     

体育测量评价中信度、效度检验的应用研究

对信度、效度的概念进行了解析,分析了其相互之间的关系,对信度和效度在体育测量评价中的应用领域及存在的问题进行了研究,并对信度、效度检验的应用研究提出了可行的建议,以期更好的控制测评情境,尽量降低信度和效度的误用几率及测评误差。     

Angular Velocity and Range of Motion in the Vertical and Standing Broad Jumps

Abstract

Cinematographic records were taken of the vertical and standing broad jumps, and strength measurements made of the isometric extensor strength of the hip, knee, and ankle joints for eighteen men and eleven women. A comparison of range of motion of joint actions and maximal angular velocities for men and women indicated distinct time-force coordinations of the various joint actions in the performance of the vertical and standing broad jumps. No general relationship nor pattern of relationships was found between isometric extensor strength and maximal angular velocity.     

The Effect of Depth Jumps and Weight Training on Leg Strength and Vertical Jump

Abstract

In recent years, a method of plyometrics (exercises that cause a rapid lengthening of a muscle prior to contraction) called depth jumping has become a part of the training routine of many athletes. Two experiments are described in which the effectiveness of the exercises is examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students in beginning weight training classes trained with three different jumping programs: (1) maximum vertical jumps, (2) 0.3 m depth jumps, and (3) 0.75 m and 1.10 m depth jumps. In addition, all groups also lifted weights. In Experiment 2, a weight training class and the volleyball team at Brigham Young University-Hawaii were divided into two groups. One group lifted weights and performed 0.75 and 1.10 m depth jumps. The other group only lifted weights. In Experiment 1, the three training programs resulted in increases in one repetition maximum (1 RM) squat strength, isometric knee extension strength, and in vertical jump; however, there were no significant differences between treatments. In Experiment 2, all groups made significant increases in vertical jump, except the group of weight lifters, who did no jumping. It was concluded that depth jumps are effective but not more effective than a regular jumping routine.     

核心力量在高校女子排球运动员训练中的应用研究

排球运动是一项对抗性较强的体育运动,排球专业技术多需要在不稳定的身体状态下运用,核心力量训练的应用将有助于提高运动员的综合运动能力,对于推动排球事业发展有着积极意义。为此,对核心力量的含义与特征进行阐述,在科学分析排球运动中核心力量作用的基础之上,对核心力量的合理应用做出研究。     

等速测力评价柔道运动员伤后力量特征及应用

1研究目的 柔道属创伤发生率较高的接触性运动项目,本研究从肌力平衡角度探索柔道运动员伤后的力量特征,分析关联运动损伤的敏感评价指标,将有助于降低柔道运动员的损伤发生率,并为开展相应的康复性体能训练提供指导依据。     

Between-Day Reliability and Usefulness of a Fitness Testing Battery in Youth Sport Athletes: Reference Data for Practitioners

This study aimed to evaluate the between-day reliability and usefulness of a fitness testing battery in a group of youth sport athletes. Fifty-nine youth sport athletes (age = 17.3 ± 0.7 years) undertook a fitness testing battery including the isometric mid-thigh pull, counter-movement jump, 5–40 m sprint splits, and the 5–0-5 change of direction test on two occasions separated by 7 days. Usefulness was assessed by comparing the reliability (typical error) to the smallest worthwhile change. The typical error was 5.5% for isometric mid-thigh pull and 3.8% for counter-movement jump. The typical error values were 2.7, 2.5, 2.2, 2.2, and 1.8% for the 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 m sprint splits, and 4.1% (left) and 5.4% (right) for the 5–0-5 tests. The smallest worthwhile change ranged from 1.1 to 6.1%. All tests were identified as having “good” or “acceptable” reliability. The isometric mid-thigh pull and counter-movement jump had “good” usefulness, all other tests had “marginal” usefulness.     

青少年花样游泳运动员身体素质“敏感期”内的体能训练

在分析花样游泳项目体能需求和青少年体能素质发展"敏感期"的一般规律的基础上,阐述了在体能带训中的实践方法,并提出了目前实践中所面临的主要问题。旨在进一步探讨符合项目培养规律的青少年体能训练体系,并为将来的深入研究提供一些参考和依据。     

吉林省青少年游泳运动员训练特征研究

本研究主要采用问卷调查法、文献资料法、专家访谈法等研究方法,系统分析吉林省青少年游泳运动员训练所存在的问题,结果显示:训练方式较为老套,设施陈旧,部分教练员学历水平偏低,专业技能欠缺,培训进修较少是影响青少年游泳水平提升的重要因素;应增加教练员专业培训的机会,加强青少年业余游泳教练员专业培训的力度,提高教练员的积极性与文化素质,从而促进与提升吉林省青少年游泳运动员的可持续发展。     

少年儿童游泳运动员选材、育材基本模式的探讨与分析

本文从初级选材、基础训练、追踪检测、系统训练、分级分项、强化训练、向上输送等7个方面，探讨培养少儿游泳运动员的规律与模式。     

女子举重运动员不同纵跳方式中生物力学参数与专项成绩的相关研究

采用5种不同的纵跳方式，对12名女子举重运动员髋、膝关节的角度、角速度等生物力学参数进行采集，所获数据和举重专项成绩进行相关分析。结果表明：不同纵跳方式中的纵跳高度和专项成绩都有不同程度的相关。其中60cm下落跳中的生物力学参数和专项成绩相关因素最多，尤其是下落后的纵跳高度和弹性能利用率和专项成绩高度相关，相关程度在0．8左右水平。根据以上相关分析结果提出一种针对举重运动员的肌肉快速力量和离心肌力的训练方法，即适宜高度为60cm的跳深练习。     

The Validity and Reliability of the Back Saver Sit-and-Reach Test in Middle School Girls and Boys

The purpose of this article was to highlight important research needs related to physical activity in 3- to 5-year-old children. We identified research needs in 3 major categories: health effects, patterns of physical activity, and interventions and policies. The top research needs include identifying the health effects of physical activity, the effects of physical activity on the development of healthy weight, the effects of physical activity on learning and behavior, and the health implications of sedentary behavior. Research questions concerning patterns of physical activity include determining the prevalence of 3- to 5-year-olds meeting the current physical activity guidelines; the social and environmental factors that influence physical activity in home, preschool, and community settings; and how physical activity tracks into later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Research questions about interventions and policies include identifying the most effective strategies to promote physical activity in home, child care, and community settings and to reach diverse populations of young children, identifying effective intervention implementation and dissemination strategies, and determining the effectiveness of national, state, local, and institutional policies for increasing physical activity. In conclusion, research is needed to establish a full understanding of the health implications of physical activity in 3- to 5-year-old children, to better understand the nature of physical activity behavior in this group, and to learn how to promote physical activity in young children.     

Validity and Reliability of the School Physical Activity Environment Questionnaire

The goal of the current study was to establish the factor validity of the Questionnaire Assessing School Physical Activity Environment (Robertson-Wilson, Lévesque, & Holden, 2007 Robertson-Wilson, J., Lévesque, L. and Holden, R. R. 2007. Development of a questionnaire assessing school physical activity environment. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 11: 93–107. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) using confirmatory factor analysis procedures. Another goal was to establish internal reliability and test–retest reliability. The confirmatory factor analysis results of this study supported a slightly altered version of the Questionnaire Assessing School Physical Activity Environment's school physical activity environment subscale. Internal reliability was adequate, while test–retest reliability was questionable. In brief, the pattern of findings indicated that while the original Questionnaire Assessing School Physical Activity Environment is likely adequate for some research purposes, a slightly modified version (Questionnaire Assessing School Physical Activity Environment-R) was psychometrically stronger. However, given the distinct differences in samples used in the original validation study and the current study, more research on the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire Assessing School Physical Activity Environment is needed to determine if the current results and Robertson-Wilson et al.'s (2007 Robertson-Wilson, J., Lévesque, L. and Holden, R. R. 2007. Development of a questionnaire assessing school physical activity environment. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 11: 93–107. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) results are sample specific.     

Factorial Validity and Reliability of the Curricular Goals in Physical Education Questionnaire

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of an instrument designed to measure student perceptions of curricular goals in physical education, the Curricular Goals in Physical Education Questionnaire. Participants were 879 Finnish students from grades 7 to 9 (412 girls, 467 boys; mean age 13.81). An exploratory factor analysis was performed on Sample 1 (n = 287), revealing a four-factor solution and suggesting that factor structure be cross-validated with confirmatory factor analysis in Sample 2 (n = 592). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated an acceptable fit and supported the four-factor model. Tests for gender invariance supported configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Analyses of factor mean differences indicated that girls attributed more importance than boys to physical education’s health-related goals, social and emotional learning, and motor skill development. This study confirmed the validity of the Curricular Goals in Physical Education Questionnaire to assess student perspectives on curricular goals across gender. In order to improve factor structure the authors suggest the addition of an item measuring skill acquisition to future versions of the instrument.     

LivePod LP2检测人体运动中能量消耗水平的信、效度检验

加速度传感器以其轻便、客观、精确等特点,在人体体力活动测量与评价中被广泛使用。LivePod LP2是一款国产新型加速度传感器,它基于3轴加速度MEMS传感器技术,采用人体动作智能模糊识别模型和个性化能耗模型测量人体运动中的能量消耗。对LivePodLP2在测量人体运动能量消耗的信度和效度水平进行了验证。26名受试者在4个不同部位佩戴LivePod LP2,在3种速度下(4km/h、6km/h、8km/h)运动。通过计算ICC,发现其值处于0.978～0.997;采用相关分析、配对样本t检验以及Bland-Altman分析法等方法对仪器和MAXII测量数据分析表明:LivePod LP2佩戴于右侧臀部上方,在慢跑速度水平下效度水平最高。LivePod LP2可以用于记录体力活动能量消耗,在日常应用中,用户可以选择将LivePod LP2固定于腰部来监测运动能量消耗情况。     

Reliability and Validity of the Flemish Physical Activity Computerized Questionnaire in Adults

The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Flemish Physical Activity Computerized Questionnaire (FPACQ) in employed/unemployed and retired people. The FPACQ was developed to assess detailed information on several dimensions of physical activity and sedentary behavior over a usual week. A triaxial accelerometer, the RT3 Triaxial Research Tracker (RT3), in combination with a written 7-day activity record, was used as the objective criterion measure. In employed/unemployed people, 2-week test-retest reliability for several activity variables calculated from the FPACQ was good to excellent with intraclass correlations (ICCs) ranging from .67 to .99. In retired people ICCs were lower but, except for time spent eating, still fair to excellent, ranging from .57 to .96. Except for time spent in leisure time activities for men and the average energy expenditure related to sports participation in women, correlations between the RT3 and the FPACQ generally supported the relative validity of the FPACQ for employed/unemployed people (r ranging from .37 to .88). Values for retired people were somewhat lower (r ranging from .15 to .85), but most variables still reached at least moderate correlations. Concerning absolute validity, the FPACQ generally overestimated physical activity and underestimated sedentary behavior compared to the RT3. From this study, it can be concluded that the FPACQ is a reliable and reasonably valid questionnaire for assessing different dimensions of physical activity and sedentary behavior.     

Reliability and Validity of Outcome Expectancy-Related Measures in Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of outcome likelihood, outcome value, and outcome expectancy using data collected from students in secondary school physical education classes. Dependent measures were examined for construct, concurrent, and predictive validity, as well as internal and temporal reliability. The results of the investigation indicated the following. First, confirmatory factor analyses for the dependent variables (outcome likelihood, outcome value, outcome expectancy) revealed a suitable fit of the data with a hypothesized factor structure. Second, significant associations between these variables and other personal beliefs and values provided sound evidence for the concurrent validity of outcome likelihood, outcome value, and outcome expectancy. Third, results of regression analyses revealed that outcome likelihood and outcome value had strong predictive validity in predicting physical activity behaviors. Finally, the internal reliabilities of self-report scales for the outcome likelihood, outcome value, and outcome expectancy over a three-semester period were satisfactory. The temporal reliabilities were also acceptable.