Website usage metrics: A re-assessment of session data

Metrics derived from user visits or sessions provide a means of evaluating Websites and an important insight into online information seeking behaviour, the most important of them being the duration of sessions and the number of pages viewed in a session, a possible busyness indicator. However, the identification of session (termed often ‘sessionization’) is fraught with difficulty in that there is no way of determining from a transactional log file that a user has ended their session. No one logs out. Instead a session delimiter has to be applied and this is typically done on the basis of a standard period of inactivity. To date researchers have discussed the issue of a time out delimiter in terms of a single value and if a page view time exceeds the cut-off value the session is deemed to have ended. This approach assumes that page view time is a single distribution and that the cut-off value is one point on that distribution. The authors however argue that page time distribution is composed of a number of quite separate view time distributions because of the marked differences in view times between pages (abstract, contents page, full text). This implies that a number of timeout delimiters should be applied. Employing data from a study of the OhioLINK digital journal library, the authors demonstrate how the setting of a time out delimiter impacts on the estimate of page view time and the number of estimated session. Furthermore, they also show how a number of timeout delimiters might apply and they argue that this gives a better and more robust estimate of the number of sessions, session time and page view time compared to an application of a single timeout delimiter.     

从党的十七届五中全会看包容性增长

包容性增长强调公民发展机会的平等性,追求公民公平合理地参与经济发展和共享发展成果。从党的十七届五中全会来看,包容性增长应包括经济领域、社会领域和文化领域的包容性增长。     

How are we searching the World Wide Web? A comparison of nine search engine transaction logs

The Web and especially major Web search engines are essential tools in the quest to locate online information for many people. This paper reports results from research that examines characteristics and changes in Web searching from nine studies of five Web search engines based in the US and Europe. We compare interactions occurring between users and Web search engines from the perspectives of session length, query length, query complexity, and content viewed among the Web search engines. The results of our research shows (1) users are viewing fewer result pages, (2) searchers on US-based Web search engines use more query operators than searchers on European-based search engines, (3) there are statistically significant differences in the use of Boolean operators and result pages viewed, and (4) one cannot necessary apply results from studies of one particular Web search engine to another Web search engine. The wide spread use of Web search engines, employment of simple queries, and decreased viewing of result pages may have resulted from algorithmic enhancements by Web search engine companies. We discuss the implications of the findings for the development of Web search engines and design of online content.     

基于Web日志挖掘的网络动态竞争情报分析研究

通过挖掘蕴含在WebE1志中的隐含模式和知识,Web日志挖掘为企业实现网络竞争情报动态分析提供了一种有效的途径。文章分析Web日志挖掘的原理和过程,并探讨Web日志挖掘在动态竞争情报分析中的应用。     

中国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应经验研究——基于技术差距门槛视角

在考虑技术差距对逆向技术溢出效应影响的基础上,建立面板门槛模型,运用中国2003-2010年间的省际面板数据开展实证研究,研究结果显示:(1)技术差距在逆向技术溢出中确实存在影响,通过LM检验及自举法,技术差距对逆向技术溢出的影响存在两个门槛值,据此将我国按技术差距分为低、中、高技术差距三类区域;(2)我国对外直接投资在中、高技术差距区域存在逆向技术溢出,积极的逆向技术溢出效应主要存在于高技术差距区域,而中技术差距区域的技术溢出效应为负;(3)短期内,国内研发存量没有对技术进步产生促进作用,从长期来看,仍需进一步加强国内研发。     

改进的小波阈值去噪法在心电信号中的应用

目的:滤除心电信号中包含的基线漂移、工频干扰、肌电干扰三种主要噪声,获取干净有效的临床心电信号信息。方法:改进阈值处理函数的小波变换阈值去噪法。结论:改进阈值处理函数小波阈值去噪法能更好的弥补了软、硬阈值函数去噪法中存在的不足,得到的去噪效果更优。     

利用Web日志进行CRM数据挖掘研究

研究利用Web日志文件来进行CRM数据挖掘是很有实际应用价值的,本文从这种实际需求出发,提出在数据预处理过程中使用启发式规则来识别用户,并介绍了一种基于IIS本身配置进行数据采集的方法。     

Online community information seeking: The queries of three communities in Southwestern Ontario

This paper presents not only mycommunityinfo.ca (MCI) as an innovative World Wide Web (WWW)-based community information (CI) site, but also how its unique approach to facilitating online CI searching on the Web reveals through empirical data how people use such information and communication technologies (ICTs) to address their everyday information needs. The geographic focus for this study is on three communities in Southwestern Ontario. MCI collects unobtrusively query data that are logged daily from its own Web site, the Web sites of three municipal governments, and one municipal agency from this region. One year’s worth of these data was supplied to determine the types of CI that are sought through Web searching. A content analysis of a large purposive sample of all of MCI’s query data reveals more specific and diverse conceptual CI needs between and within communities than those reported in other studies employing different data collection methods. As a result, using a centralized approach to online CI access via the WWW by other CI providers such as the 211 network may be a disservice to its users. Additionally, the findings demonstrate how a thorough analysis of such data may improve the informational content and overall design of municipal government Web sites. The analysis of these data also has the potential of improving current CI taxonomies.     

An empirical investigation of Web session workloads: Can self-similarity be explained by deterministic chaos?

Several studies of Web server workloads have hypothesized that these workloads are self-similar. The explanation commonly advanced for this phenomenon is that the distribution of Web server requests may be heavy-tailed. However, there is another possible explanation: self-similarity can also arise from deterministic, chaotic processes. To our knowledge, this possibility has not previously been investigated, and so existing studies on Web workloads lack an adequate comparison against this alternative. We conduct an empirical study of workloads from two different Web sites: one public university, and one private company, using the largest datasets that have been described in the literature. Our study employs methods from nonlinear time series analysis to search for chaotic behavior in the web logs of these two sites. While we do find that the deterministic components (i.e. the well-known “weekend effect”) are significant components in these time series, we do not find evidence of chaotic behavior. Predictive modeling experiments contrasting heavy-tailed with deterministic models showed that both approaches were equally effective in modeling our datasets.     

校企合作对我国省域高校科研效率的影响研究——基于门槛回归的经验证据

基于2010-2017年我国30个省域高校的面板数据,运用DEA-BCC模型测算高校科研效率,以校企合作强度作为门槛变量,采用门槛回归方法实证研究校企合作对高校科研效率的影响.研究结果表明,校企合作对高校科研效率的影响存在双重门槛效应,可划分为三个区间,在校企合作中等强度区间内,校企合作对科研效率起正向影响作用,过高或...     

用户生成内容共享意愿的影响因素实证性研究

随着Web2.0的发展,个体逐渐参与到网络信息资源共享的活动中来.但是,关于个体在Web2.0环境下的信息资源共享现象的研究还不常见.本文以此为视角,主要运用TRA、社会交换理论等,研究了影响用户生成内容共享意愿的因素.经实证性研究,本文发现预期贡献、预期报酬、工作协同性和感知易用性对共享态度都有显著的正向影响作用;感知易用性对主观规范也有显著的正向影响作用;态度和主观规范对用户生成内容共享意愿具有相同的显著正向影响作用.通过对用户生成内容共享意愿的研究,可以指导网络信息共享平台的建设,促进网络信息资源的共享.     

上海市技术合同认定登记政策效应实证分析

技术合同认定登记政策以其普惠性和低门槛的特质,在众多科技政策中,发挥了不可替代的作用。本课题通过实证分析上海市现有技术合同认定登记政策的运行情况及存在的主要问题,以问卷、实地调研等方式,了解企业对政策＼的知晓程度和新的需求,并提出进一步改进的措施。     

Characteristics of character usage in Chinese Web searching

The use of non-English Web search engines has been prevalent. Given the popularity of Chinese Web searching and the unique characteristics of Chinese language, it is imperative to conduct studies with focuses on the analysis of Chinese Web search queries. In this paper, we report our research on the character usage of Chinese search logs from a Web search engine in Hong Kong. By examining the distribution of search query terms, we found that users tended to use more diversified terms and that the usage of characters in search queries was quite different from the character usage of general online information in Chinese. After studying the Zipf distribution of n-grams with different values of n, we found that the curve of unigram is the most curved one of all while the bigram curve follows the Zipf distribution best, and that the curves of n-grams with larger n (n = 3–6) had similar structures with β-values in the range of 0.66–0.86. The distribution of combined n-grams was also studied. All the analyses are performed on the data both before and after the removal of function terms and incomplete terms and similar findings are revealed. We believe the findings from this study have provided some insights into further research in non-English Web searching and will assist in the design of more effective Chinese Web search engines.     

空间异质性假定下OFDI逆向技术溢出的门槛效应

对外直接投资（OFDI）对母国技术进步的逆向技术溢出效应是国际经济学研究的一个较新论题,也是中国政府推出“走出去”战略的重要预期之一。本文利用2003-2009年省际面板数据,采用非线性门槛模型对我国OFDI的逆向技术溢出效应以及国内外技术差距和OFDI规模等变量对逆向技术溢出的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明：在开放条件下,我国OFDI不仅存在逆向技术溢出效应,而且这种效应存在显著的空间异质性。这种地区差异主要来自于OFDI规模与技术势差的影响,OFDI规模和技术势差分别具有单一和双门槛效应。为此,针对我国空间发展的不平衡性,应采取差异化的政策措施,充分发挥OFDI逆向技术溢出效应。     

股权结构对企业研发投资影响的实证研究

利用中国工业企业数据库发布的重工业企业调查数据,实证检验股权性质对企业研发投资频度的影响以及股权集中度对企业研发投资强度的影响。研究发现:(1)股权性质不同的企业在研发投资频度上不一定具有显著性差异,但企业规模与企业年龄对企业研发投资频度产生重要影响。股权性质、企业年龄对企业研发投资强度的影响并不显著,但企业规模对企业研发投资强度带来显著性影响。(2)股权集中度对企业研发投资强度的影响存在双门槛效应。研究认为,控股股东持股比例大约保持在0.5~0.8左右更利于企业技术创新;企业间应加强技术创新合作以形成研发投资的规模效应。     

财政补贴政策对企业研发投入的门槛效应

使用我国2005-2007年约30万家工业企业数据,描述性统计得到:第一,单个企业受财政补贴的额度呈下降趋势,企业研发投入的资金来源中自筹资金比例上升;第二,财政补贴与企业研发投入分布存在较大的行业差异;第三,财政补贴严重向国有企业倾斜,国有企业是我国研发投入的主力军。虽然财政补贴在总体上能够促进企业研发投入,但门槛面板数据模型的估计结果表明:财政补贴与企业研发投入呈现复杂的非线性关系;对于制造业国有企业,财政补贴占企业研发投入的最佳比例是13.45%~27.75%,在此区间财政补贴显著带动企业研发投入,具有挤入效应,超过27.75%时对企业研发投入显著负向影响、挤出效应明显;但对私营企业、特别是私营高科技企业,财政补贴只有挤入效应、没有挤出效应。因此,提高财政补贴效率、促进企业自主研发的关键是,确立技术发明公共性补偿或风险补偿的合理定价机制,确保私营企业、特别是私营高科技企业得到合理的补偿。     

产学研关联创新技术主题分析及实证研究

促进产学研创新的集群式发展,需要识别与发现产学研创新主体潜在关联的技术主题,使高校和科研机构产出更多有助于企业创新所需的科学技术成果、企业更容易找到适合的研发合作对象。基于核心专利集识别专利技术主题,以机构-技术二模共现网络分析企业、大学和研究机构之间的相似技术主题,据此分析和研究产学研关联创新的热点主题和潜在合作对象。并对石墨烯在生物医药领域的应用相关专利进行实证分析,从而验证所提出方法的可行性。     

OFDI影响区域创新能力的动态门槛效应

本文利用我国2003-2013年省际面板数据,构建动态面板门限回归模型,实证分析知识产权保护在OFDI影响区域创新能力中的作用机理。研究结果显示,对外直接投资对我国各省份创新能力的作用受到知识产权保护程度的影响;当知识产权保护水平小于门限值时,OFDI对区域创新能力的促进作用并不显著,且OFDI对区域创新能力的贡献率较低,通过OFDI促进国内创新能力的政策基本无效;当知识产权保护水平高于门限值时,对外直接投资对区域创新能力存在显著的促进效应,且相应的贡献率较高,在推进OFDI时会提升其创新能力。     

SIP协议和H．323协议互通性研究

随着三网融合及通信技术的发展,实现SIP网络和H32网络之间的互通成为网络融合过程中一个亟待解的问题。对SIP和H323协议进行分析对比,并在此基础上提出互通模型,研究互通过程中的关键问题。