新常态新农业

2014年中央经济工作会议提出要准确把握经济发展新常态的9个特征.会议把加快转变农业发展方式作为2015年经济工作的主要任务之一,强调解决好“三农”问题始终是全党工作的重中之重. 随后举行的中央农村工作会议强调要加快转变农业发展方式、夯实农业稳定发展基础,以改革创新为动力,加快推进农业现代化. 显而易见,随着我国经济发展进入新常态和国家大力推动农业现代化进程,必将给农业发展带来新变化.     

新中國新科學

科學大衆的編輯人,在年前就發通告,要為新年號徵求文字,以“新中國新科學”爲特刊的總題, 願意將這本刊物作為新中國建設的號角。在百忙之中,編輯人又於北京來信中催問。自問於這方面     

新科技，新影像，新乐趣

我早就习惯了出门在外的时候随身带上一部数码相机。或许某一张海报带给我灵感,或许某一天的黄昏带给我感动,当然也少不了某一个人带给我的欢乐,都可以借助这部小小的相机,用影像保存下这些美好的记忆。     

新

Magna Doodle Color Plus磁力画板；佳能DC22数码摄像机；惠普MediaSmart TV电视；Railz Snowskate雪地滑板套件；三洋Xacti CA6数码相机……     

新

3M PERFORMANCE FINISH车蜡，SHAW ANSO NYLON地毯，WOWWEE HOMERSAPIEN机器人，ZOOM H2手持录音机，XSHIELD电锯模组，联想T20投影机，GOLIVE SUN DRAGON跑鞋，舒尔SE530耳塞。[编者按]     

新课堂——新要求

近两年,我县组织部分教研员、中小学校长和骨干教师到江苏洋思中学、山东杜郎口中学、河北藁城九门中学,就新课程标准下的学校教研活动、教师的课堂教学模式、学生的课堂活动等情况进行了学习调研.     

新挑战新高度新跨跃

天津位于渤海之滨,总面积11300平方公里,海岸线长153公里,人口1000万,下辖18个区县。天津市是中国北方的重要经济中心和港口大都市。     

新新人类之新新女子

偶然经过一个外观彩绘奇特的红茶坊,名曰“新新人类”,感觉颇为贴切。上海这个日益繁华的大都市,街头幻影如梭,城市进化若斯,岂非需要更多新新人类来支撑。而新新人类既占了一个“新”字,不免会有其独到之处,有些新的想法,新的理念,以及一些新的行为方式。新新人类的不同之处表现最为引人注目的自然是都市女子一族。在年轻人的议论中,都市女子在匆忙的生活节奏中似乎已占领着真正的半边天,甚至已开始动摇着男性世界。她们代表着新的文化,而新的文化的建立则来     

新常态下新结构

我国经济发展进入新常态.新常态的一个重要特征是经济发展正从高速增长转向中高速增长.2015中央一号文件开宗明义提出在新常态下必须破解的农业“四个难题”.文件还提出,破解这“四个难题”是今后三农工作的重大任务. 科技部副部长张来武在2014年12月份举办的“第十届中国经济论坛”上发表主旨演讲提出“新常态下新结构”的发展思路.这需要在理论上突破,理论突破能带来发展方式的深刻变迁.他认为当前产业划分不应是传统经济学的三次划分理论,而应该是六次划分理论,即六次产业理论.现代农业产业在此理论基础上需要进行重新定义,农业产业不再只是一产,而是一产二产三产全产业链综合产业,是第六产业.     

中国菊科菜蓟族植物研究(II)(续)

Since the 19th century many botanists have studied the Chinese Cirsium and a great number of taxa or names has been reported,  of which many still need to be reviewed critically         This work is a preliminaxy result of study on Chinese species of Cirsium.  As many as 65 taxan or names in the literature are reduced to synonym in this paper.  The Cir- sium in China so far known comprises 49 species,  of which 9 are described as new,  1 is a new combination and 4 are new records in Chinese flora.   These new species are: C. subulariforme Shih,  S. muliense Shih,  C. fanjingshanense Shih,  C. periacanthaceum Shih, C. racemiforme Ling et Shih,  C. vernonioides Shih,  C. chrysolepis Shih,  C. tenuifolium Shih and the new combination is C. viridifolium (Hand. -Mazz.) Shih. The new records in China are C. serratuloides (L.) Hill.,  C. incanum (S. G. Gmel.) Fisch. ex MB.,  C. la- natum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng and C. alatum (S. G. Gmel) Bobr.       The Chinese Cirsium is divided into 8 sections in the present paper,  of which 3 are new,  namely,  Sect.  Isolepis Shih,  Sect. Tricholepis Shilh and Sect. Hymenolepis Shih, and I is a new combination,  namely,  Sect. Spanioptilon (Cass.) Shih.      In addition,  a new species of the genus Alfredia,  A. aspera Slih,  is described.     

Gilbertella属的一个新种

 A species of Gilbertella was isolated from dung of swine collected from  Hainan, Kwangtung Province, and described as a new species (Gilbertella hainanensis sp. nov.).      Morphologically, it differs from G. persicaria, the only other species of Gilbertella, mainly in spore characters.  The spores of G. persicaria are oval  to  nearly spherical, often pointed and bearing 3-6 appendages at each end; while those of the present species are elongate-oval, reniform or oval, with ends obtuse, never pointed and bearing 6-12 appendages.  The appearances of the two species in culture are also different.  In colour G. persicaria is grayish-brown and G. hainanensis is blackish-gray.      When inoculated on peach fruit, G. hainanensis causes no rot, while all strains of G. persicaria isolated from various kinds of substratum readily cause rotting  of the  entire peach in 5-6 days.      The culture of G. hainanensis at hand, being a minus strain, has been found to form mature zygospores when grown together with the plus strain of G. persicaria.  The two suspensors of the zygospore thus formed are heterogeneous either in shape or in dimen- sion, one of the suspensors closely resembles those of G. persicaria, while the other is quite different.      Type culture of G. hainanensis is deposited in the Institute of Microbiology, AcademiaSinica, Peking, China.     

中国兔儿风属(菊科)资料

The genus, Ainsliaea DC. from China is revised in this paper. Three species, A. nana Y. C. Tseng, A. pingbianensis Y. G. Tseng and A. trinervis Y. C.  Tseng, are newly described;   two species, A.  chapaensis Merr.  and A. angustifolia Hook. f. et Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke are new records for China and two  new  combinations,  A.  apteroides (Chang)  Y.  C.  Tseng  and  A. macrocephala (Mattf.) Y. C. Tseng, are made. In addition, one species, A. hypoleuca  Diels  ex  Limpr.  and  four  varieties,  A.  bonatii  Beauverd  var. arachnoidea Beauverd,  A.  pteropoda DC.  var.  leiophylla Franch.,  A.  elegans Hemsl. var. tomentosa Mattf. and A. glabra Hemsl. var.  tenuiculis (Mattf.)Chang, are reduced to synonyms.     

疱脐衣属的一新亚属

 In the present paper a new species of Lasallia Merat is described and placed under a new subgenus Pleiogyra, characterized by having econcentrical multi-gyrate apothecia. In consequence of this finding, the conception of plane disc in the genus Lasallia of Umbili- cariaceae becomes untenable.      As a result of careful examination of rich materials, the writer considers the dif- ference in disc found by Scholander among all species of the family is of certain signifi- cance for classification.  Unfortunately, Scholander’s classification is based solely on this rather variable morphological character.  If his view be adopted the new species will have to be inserted into the genus Gyrophora Ach. emend. Schol.  If accepting Llano’s division of Umbilicariaceae into five genera, namely Lasallia, Agyrophora, Omphalodiscus, Umbili- caria and Actinogyra, the new species will have to be considered a new  genus  of  the family.      The present writer considers both Scholander’s and Llano’s systems as being artificial, because the former author emphasizes too much the unstable morphological appearance of disc and the later simply divides the family into five genera simultaneously on the basis of the stable and unstable characters of the various groups.  In contrast with Scholander’s and Llano’s systems Frey’s classification neglects wholly the difference in the characters of disc.  Such treatment is likewise unsound.  The present writer supports the view held by Flotow, Koerber, Elenkin and Savicz (1950).  Nevertheless, he does not agree with Savicz in erecting the subgenus Gyrophoropsis (Elenk. et Savicz) Savicz, because muriform spores are present not only in the group having gyrate discs, but also in the groups having plane and omphalic discs of the Genus Umbilicaria Hoffm. emend. Vej.  The recognition of this subgenus must therefore deny the basis on which the other four subgenera are established.       The system of Umbilicariaceae held by the writer is as follows: I. Genus Lasallia Merat emend. Vej  ......  Thallus pustulate; disc plane to econcentrical multi-gyrate; spores     1(2) per ascus, quite large, muriform.     1. Subgenus Lasallia...Disc plane.    2. Subgenus Pleiogyra Vej  ......  Disc econcentrical multigyrate. II. Genus Umbilicaria Hoffm. emend. Vej (syn. Gyrophora Ach. emend. Savicz)* ...Thallus non-pustulate;    disc plane and smooth or plane with central sterile column (or fissure) or with gyri; spores 8 per ascus,    simple, hyaline or becoming brown muriform, small. 1. Subgenns Agyrophora (Nyl.) Savicz  ......  Disc plane.    (1) Section Agyrophora (syn. sect. Anthracinae emend. Llano). .....  Spores simple and hyaline.    (2) Section Dichroae Llano  ......  Spores becoming brown muriform. 2. Subgenus Omphalodiscus (Schol.) Savicz  ......  Disc with central sterile column or fissure.    (1) Section Omphalodiscus (syn. sect. Decussatae Schol.)  ......  Spores simple and hyaline.    (2) Section Spodochroae Schol.  .....  Spores becoming muriform. 3. Subgenus Umbilicaria...Disc with concentrical gyri; spores simple and hyaline or becoming muriform.    (1) Section Umbilicaria (syn. sect. Simplices Llano)  ......  Spores simple and hyaline.    (2) Section Gyrophoropsis (Elenk. et Savicz) A. Zahlbr. (syn. sect. Muriformes Llano)  ......  Spores          becoming muriform.4. Subgenus Actinogyra (Schol.) Savicz  ......  Disc with radial gyri, proper margin absent.     

国产甘草属植物的核型研究

本文对国产7种甘草属植物的核型进行了研究，其结果为：乌拉尔甘草2n＝16＝   6m+10sm；黄甘草2n＝16=8m+6sm十2st；光果甘草2n＝16=14m+2sm；胀果甘   草2n＝16＝6m十10sm；粗毛甘草2n=16=12m十4sm；云南甘草20＝16=12m十   4sm；刺果甘草2n＝16＝12m十4sm。基于对现有资料的分析，确认该属的染色体基数为   x=8，  且核型对称性程度较高。  通过对不同种核型进行比较，发现刺果甘草是本文所研究   7个种中最原始的，而黄甘草的进化程度相对较高。     

中国齿鳞草属和假野菰属的订正

The present paper deals with taxonomic studies on the genera Lathraea Linn. and Christisonia Gard. (Orobanchaceae) in China.  In the genus Lathraea, only a single species in China, L. japonica Miq., is recongnized in the paper. It occurs in sou- thern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, southeastern Sichuan, northern Guizhou and northern   Guangdong, also in Japan. L. miqueliana Franch. et Sav., L. chinfushanica Hu et Tang and L. japonica Miq. var. miqueliana (Franch. et Sav.) Ohwi are treated as new synon- yms of L. japonica Miq. in this paper.       In the genus Christisonia, the most of collections from China, which were identi- fied as C. sinensis G. Beck before, are treated as a new synonym of C. hookeri C. B. Clarke.  A few collections of this genus from China, which were mistakenly described as Gleadovia lepoense Hu snd G. kwangtungense Hu, should be transferred to Christi- sonia hookeri C. B. Clarke.  It is distributed in southeastern and south China, westwards to the Himalayas.     

西藏五福花属一新种和一新记录种

A new species and a new record for China of the genus Adoxa L.are reported from Xizang, China. They are Adoxa xizangensis G.Yao and Adoxa inodora (Falc.ex C.B.Clarke)  Nepomn.     

中国轮藻新分类群

本文报道了轮藻科2新种、1新变种、5个中国新记录：嫩江丽藻Nitella  nenjiangensis sp.  nov.,轮苞轮藻  Chara  vertillibracteata  sp.   nov.,  球状轮藻北京变种  Chara  globularis  Thuiller var.  beijingensis  var.  nov.,  腋生丽藻  Nitella axillaris  Braun,  卷曲丽藻N. crispa Imah.,柔细 丽藻N.  gracillima Allan,  拟扇形丽藻不完全变种N.  pseudoflabellata var. imperialis,阿鲁轮藻 Chara arrudensis Mendes.