钡剂灌肠在大肠梗阻诊断中的作用

为提高钡剂灌肠在大肠癌性梗阻诊断中的作用及X线影像表现,通过对16例大肠癌性梗阻经钡剂灌肠诊断为升结肠癌8例.横结肠近肝曲癌5例,直肠、乙状结肠癌3例的分析.得到结论:钡剂灌肠在大肠癌性梗阻急性发作病例中能及时有效地显示其病变部位梗阻性质和范围,可以弥补纤维结肠镜定位欠准确的不足.     

全直肠系膜切除术根治直肠癌的临床解剖学基础

直肠癌手术技术的标准化可显著降低直肠癌术后局部复发率。为了达到手术的最佳疗效,手术医生应掌握相关的临床应用解剖知识,了解直肠周围结构及其各结构之间的位置关系,为直肠癌手术确定最佳手术方案,减少手术中不必要的损伤。     

220例大肠癌的临床和病理学特征分析

[目的]分析大肠癌的临床和病理学特征.[方法]收集220例大肠癌患者的临床病理资料并进行回顾性分析.[结果]大肠癌发病率有随年龄增长而递增趋势,血便是大肠癌最常见的临床表现,以直肠检出率最高,病理类型以溃疡型和高分化腺癌最多,绝大多数患者发现时就已经是中晚期.[结论]大肠癌是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤,必须加强对大肠癌早期临床症状的宣传和对高危人群的普查,从而提高生存率.     

SEREX技术筛选EID3及其表达的实验研究

[目的]新的大肠癌相关性抗原EID3的基因克隆及其诊断价值研究.[方法]利用大肠癌病人体内血清中所含的对肿瘤抗原产生的特异性抗体筛选睾丸组织cDNA噬菌体表达文库和大肠癌组织cDNA噬菌体表达文库(SEREX),并用RT-PCR技术研究EID3 mRNA在正常组织和大肠癌传代细胞表达.[结果]睾丸组织cDNA噬菌体表达文库筛选得到了可以诱导大肠癌病人抗体免疫应答的新抗原EID3基因(Gen-bank NM_001008394.1).它们定位于染色体19q13.2,EID3含1个外显子.通过RT-PCR分析发现,EID3基因在43例大肠癌传代细胞株中,39例阳性,阳性率为90.7%.在正常组织中,除睾丸组织外不表达或有极低水平转录.[结论]EID3 mRNA表达检测用于诊断大肠癌,可能具有高特异性和高敏感性的特点.EID3蛋白被首次发现在大肠癌病人中能够诱导机体的抗体免疫应答,为一个新的大肠癌相关性抗原分子.其功能可能与抑制细胞的恶性增殖相关,并可进一步研究其用于治疗和诊断大肠癌的可行性.     

从光山话的“恁”看指示代词“三分法”

光山方言指示代词“恁”单用时混淆近指和远指,跟近指“这”和远指“那”并举使用时相当于中指。由基式“恁”可以派生出系列指示代词。现代汉语指示代词三分和混淆近、远指在方言中大量存在,指示代词三分和使用者的心理认识有很大关系。“中指”并非一个完全意义上的指示代词,跟近指和远指都有关系。     

单克隆抗体在肿瘤治疗中的应用

随着一些单克隆抗体获准被应用于临床,单抗在肿瘤治疗中的运用得到了快速发展。其中代表性的有抗血管内皮生长因子的单抗bevacizumab(Avastin),和抗表皮生长因子的cetuximab(Erbitux)。结合常规的化疗,bevacizumab能够显著延长结肠癌、乳腺癌及肺癌患者的生命。Cetuximab无论与化疗联合使用或单独使用对于对化疗有耐药性的结肠癌直肠癌均有显著的临床意义。     

几种先天性畸形胎儿结肠的解剖及组织学观察

目的:研究先天性畸形胎儿结肠的解剖及组织学结构,探讨几种畸形与结肠发育之间的关系. 方法:应用形态学方法,对先天性畸形胎儿结肠进行解剖、观察,并制成组织切片,在光学显微镜下观察其组织学结构. 结果:三类10例先天性畸形胎儿中,并缺指畸形胎儿结肠的形态学及组织学结构无明显异常;胸腹联体胎儿结肠结构异常;无脑儿结肠组织结构发育不全.结论:不同先天性畸形胎儿对结肠发育影响各异.     

跨损伤DNA合成及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用

跨损伤合成（translesion synthesis,TLS）是一种利用特殊的DNA聚合酶介导的修复过程,是细胞应答DNA损伤时的一种保守的耐受机制。由于TLS能使细胞耐受DNA损伤,降低肿瘤细胞对化疗药物或者放疗的敏感性,因此它可能是肿瘤产生耐药性或者辐射耐受性的潜在机制。通过靶向跨损伤合成通路,可提高包括神经胶质瘤在内的多种肿瘤患者的治疗疗效。     

On dendritic cell-based therapy for cancers

Dendritic cells (DCs), the most prevalent antigen-presenting cell in vivo, had been widely characterized in the last three decades. DCs are present in almost all tissues of the body and play cardinal roles in recognition of microbial agents,autoantigens, allergens and alloantigen. DCs process the microbial agents or their antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues to present the antigenic peptide to lymphocytes. This leads to activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Initially, it was assumed that DCs are principally involved in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses, but now it is evident that DCs also have important roles in innate immunity. These features make DCs very good candidates for therapy against various pathological conditions including malignancies. Initially, DC-based therapy was used in animal models of cancers. Data from these studies inspired considerable optimism and DC-based therapies was started in human cancers 8 years ago. In general,DC-based therapy has been found to be safe in patients with cancers, although few controlled trials have been conducted in this regard. Because the fundamentals principles of human cancers and animal models of cancers are different, the therapeutic efficacy of the ongoing regime of DC-based therapy in cancer patients is not satisfactory. In this review, we covered the various aspects that should be considered for developing better regime of DC-based therapy for human cancers.     

Roles of PTBP1 in alternative splicing,glycolysis, and oncogensis

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) plays an essential role in splicing and is expressed in almost all cell types in humans, unlike the other proteins of the PTBP family. PTBP1 mediates several cellular processes in certain types of cells, including the growth and differentiation of neuronal cells and activation of immune cells. Its function is regulated by various molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs), and RNA-binding proteins. PTBP1 plays roles in various diseases, particularly in some cancers, including colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, breast cancer, and glioma. In cancers, it acts mainly as a regulator of glycolysis, apoptosis, proliferation, tumorigenesis, invasion, and migration. The role of PTBP1 in cancer has become a popular research topic in recent years, and this research has contributed greatly to the formulation of a useful therapeutic strategy for cancer. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to PTBP1 and discuss how it regulates the development of cancer cells.

     

SIRT1与肿瘤发生

SIRT1（sirtuin 1）通过对肿瘤抑制蛋白和DNA损伤修复蛋白去乙酰化而使之失活。因此,SIRT1早期被认为是肿瘤促进因子。近来研究又表明SIRT1在某些肿瘤中表达降低且SIRT1缺乏导致遗传不稳定和肿瘤发生。超表达SIRT1可降低癌变风险。SIRT1的这种双重作用可能与其组织中SIRT1上游和下游因子的时空分布不同有关。     

原位RT-PCR检测Ig A样新基因SNC66在消化系统肿瘤组织中的表达

目的：探讨原位检测内源性基因表达产物的灵敏方法，研究IgA样新基因SNC66在消化系统肿瘤组织中的表达及其与肿瘤之间的相关性。方法：在组织切片原位逆转录反应后进行原位PCR扩增，在扩增过程中掺入地高辛标记的尿核苷酸，再用免疫组织化学的方法加以检测。比较SNC66在大肠癌、胃癌、肝癌组织与相应的正常配对组织中的表达情况。结果：10个循环时，37例大肠癌标本中有14例呈阴性，18例弱阳性，5例强阳性；20例胃癌标本中有6例呈阴性，9例弱阳性，5例强阳性；所有肝脏组织和肝癌标本都呈阴性表达。25个循环时，大肠癌10例阴性，27例强阳性；胃癌4例阴性，16例强阳性；所有肝脏组织和肝癌组织标本都呈阳性表达。相应大肠粘膜和胃粘膜标本则无论是25个循环，还是10个循环，都呈强阳性表达，但着色程度前者高于后者。结论：原位RT-PCR是一种检测内源性基因低拷贝转录产物mRNA的灵敏方法。基因SNC66是一个消化道肿瘤相关性基因，在大肠癌和胃癌组织中存在明显的表达降低或缺陷，但与肝癌之间不存在相关性。SNC66可作为侯选的消化道肿瘤的抑癌基因加以进一步研究。     

Pavlovian conditioning to contexts that precede the place where shock occurs as measured by freezing and activity suppression in mice

Three experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the place where an organism has been, before the organism is moved to a place with aversive consequences, can also become aversive through classical conditioning. In Experiment 1, two groups of 8 mice were exposed to three different contexts in succession, with a single shock occurring in the third context. The distal context was a putative 3-min conditioned stimulus (CS) for freezing; the second context was a delay manipulation; and the unconditioned stimulus (US) occurred in the proximal context. The group delayed for 15 sec showed significantly more freezing to the distal CS context than did the group delayed for 3 h. In a second experiment, conditioning to the distal context was demonstrated with a discrimination procedure for 8 more mice by using two different distal contexts as CS+ and CS? for the proximal context with shock. On CS+ days, 3 min of exposure to the distal context was followed within 5 sec by placement in the proximal box where shock occurred, whereas on CS? days, exposure to a second distal context was followed immediately by return to the home cage. Very strong differences in freezing between the CS+ and CS? distal contexts were found in all 8 mice after 14 days of conditioning. In a third experiment, the discriminative procedure was repeated for 9 more mice, with two changes. More objective stabilometertype activity measures were substituted for observed freezing, and, in addition to the CS+ and CS? distal context trials, each mouse was also exposed to a third discriminative distal context, which was followed by 15 min in a delay chamber followed by shock in the proximal context. This discrimination procedure with the activity suppression measure again resulted in significant differences between the contexts. The CS+ context and the context followed by a 15-min delay did not differ, but both of them differed from the CS? context.     

大肠癌P_(53)基因和性激素受体相关性观察

利用免疫组化和酶联组化法,对38例结肠直肠癌和5例肠炎和腺瘤组织,进行P53、ER和PR检测,以便观察上述标记物的阳性率和它们之间的相关性。结果表明,结肠炎者阴性,在结肠癌和直肠癌中阳性率分别为44.4％和60％,ER阳性率与P53相同;PR阳性率分别为38.9％和和50％。P53和ER阳性一致率为55％;P53和PR阳性一致率为50％。本实验提示P53、ER、PR在大肠癌中的表达与年龄无明显相关性。     

奥沙利铂联合LF方案治疗大肠癌临床观察

文章通过临床观察奥沙利铂联合LF方案治疗大肠癌的疗效及毒副反应,治疗有效率57.14%,主要毒副反应为胃肠道反应,骨髓抑制。结果表明该治疗方案治疗大肠癌疗效肯定,耐药性良好,是一种较理想的联合化疗方案。     

关于膳食纤维抗大肠癌的研究

科学家和医生们对食物纤维与结肠癌风险之间的关系，已进行了20多年的研究，取得了许多研究成果，但也存在着一些争论。本文介绍了国外对此问题的研究方向、研究方法及其进展情况。     

Effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of eIF3c gene on survival of colon cancer cells

Eukaryotic initiation factor subunit c(eIF3c) has been identified as an oncogene that is over-expressed in tumor cells and,therefore,is a potential therapeutic target for gene-based cancer treatment.This study was focused on investigating the effect of small interfering RNA(siRNA)-mediated eIF3c gene knockdown on colon cancer cell survival.The eIF3c gene was observed to be highly expressed in colon cancer cell models.The expression levels of the gene in eIF3c siRNA infected and control siRNA infected cells were compared via real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and western blotting analysis.Cell proliferation levels were analyzed employing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) and colony formation assays.Furthermore,the effects of eIF3c gene knockdown on the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry.The results showed that suppression of eIF3c expression significantly(P<0.001) reduced cell proliferation and colony formation of RKO colon cancer cells.The cell cycle was arrested by decreasing the number of cells entering S phase.Further,apoptosis was induced as a result of eIF3c knockdown.Collectively,eIF3c deletion effectively reduced the survival of colon cancer cells and could be used as a therapeutic tool for colon cancer therapy.     

Association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with liver metastases of colorectal cancers positive for p53 overexpression

Objective: To evaluate the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism (R72P) and the risk of colorectal liver metastases. Methods: The p53 R72P genotype was identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fi'agment length poly-morphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 78 consecutive colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases and 214 age- and sex-matched cases with nonmetastatic colorectai cancer. Results: The R allele of the p53 R72P polymorphism was more frequently found in metastatic cases than in nonmetastatic cases (P=0.075). Carriers of the 72R allele had a 2.25-fold (95% CI (confidence inter-val)=1.05～4.83) increased risk of liver metastases. On the stratification analysis, 72R-carrying genotype conferred a 3.46-fold (95% CI=1.02～11.72) and a 1.05-fold (95% CI=0.36～3.08) increased risk of liver metastases for p53 overexpression-positive and negative colorectal cancers, respectively. Conclusion: These results demonstrate for the first time that the 72R allele of the p53 polymorphism has an increased risk for liver metastases in colorectal cancers positive for p53 overexpression.     

Review:On dendritic cell-based therapy for cancers

Dendritic cells(DCs),the most prevalent antigen-presenting cell in vivo,had been widely characterized in the lastthree decades.DCs are present in almost all tissues of the body and play cardinal roles in recognition of microbial agents,autoantigens,allergens and alloantigen.DCs process the microbial agents or their antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues topresent the antigenic peptide to lymphocytes.This leads to activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes.Initially,it was assumedthat DCs are principally involved in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses,but now it is evident that DCsalso have important roles in innate immunity.These features make DCs very good candidates for therapy against variouspathological conditions including malignancies.Initially,DC-based therapy was used in animal models of cancers.Data fromthese studies inspired considerable optimism and DC-based therapies was started in human cancers 8 years ago.In general,DC-based therapy has been found to be safe in pati