The influence of match location, quality of opposition, and match status on technical performance in professional association football

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of match location, quality of opposition, and match status on the technical aspects of performance within a single professional British football team. Forty matches from the 2002--2003 and 2003--2004 domestic league seasons were notated post-event using a computerized notational analysis system with 13 on-the-ball behaviours and corresponding outcomes (successful or unsuccessful) assessed. Log-linear modelling procedures indicated that the incidences of all on-the-ball technical behaviours, with the exception of "set-pieces", were influenced by at least one of the three situation variables, with both independent and interactive effects found. In contrast, logit modelling suggested that there was no general influence of the situation variables on the outcomes of the on-the-ball behaviours. The findings emphasize the need for notational analysts and coaches to consider the potential independent and interactive effects of match location, quality of opposition, and match status when assessing the technical components of football performance, particularly those relating to behaviour occurrence. Future research should consider the effects of additional situation variables purported to influence the mental, physical, technical, and tactical components of football performance.     

上海男子沙排运动员个性特征、竞赛焦虑及运动表现关系个案研究

运用数理统计法及逻辑分析法对上海男子沙排运动员个性特征、竞赛焦虑及临场技术表现三者关系进行分析。结果显示：运动员个性特征中社交性、自控性、理智性分测验与竞赛焦虑状态、进攻能力、防守及拦网技术存在相关性。建议教练员在训练与竞赛指导过程中区别对待。     

Situation-orientated recognition of tactical patterns in volleyball

One important factor for effective operations in team sports is the team tactical behaviour. Many suggestions about appropriate players' positions in different attack or defence situations have been made. The aims of this study were to develop a classification of offensive and defensive behaviours and to identify team-specific tactical patterns in international women's volleyball. Both the classification and identification of tactical patterns is done by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis. Clusters are formed on the basis of similarities in the players' positions on the court. Time continuous data of the movements, including the start and end points during a pass from the setter, are analysed. Results show team-specific patterns of defensive moves with assessment rates of up to 80%. Furthermore, the recognition of match situations illustrates a clear classification of attack and defence situations and even within different defence conditions (approximately 100%). Thus, this approach to team tactical analysis yields classifications of selected offensive and defensive strategies as well as an identification of tactical patterns of different national teams in standardized situations. The results lead us to question training concepts that assume a team-independent optimal strategy with respect to the players' positions in team sports.     

体育院系排球专修课"四人模拟比赛法"技术考核评价模型研究

以体育院系排球专选学生的技术考核在对抗与比赛条件下进行的基本思路为研究的逻辑起点,设计了由评价内容、评价形式和评价标准3个环节构成的对排球专修学生技术及其运用能力进行考核的"四人模拟比赛法"技术考核评价模型。该评价模型能有效增强考核中的对抗性,量化了各项指标的权重,增强了技术评价过程中的可操作性,克服了传统技术评价结果的偶然性,提升了技术评价结果的可信度。     

Group cohesion and starting status in successful and less successful elite volleyball teams.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between members' perceptions of group cohesion and starting status in elite volleyball teams. The results of the study revealed that the form of the cohesion-starting status relationship was moderated by the variable of success. The results for less successful teams revealed that differences did emerge between specific measures of cohesion endorsed by starters and non-starters. No such differences in cohesion emerged when the starters and non-starters on successful teams were compared. These results provide initial support for the suggestion that the most successful teams are the ones where the perceptions of cohesiveness by starters and non-starters are similar. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine whether those teams that were the most successful and similar in their members' perceptions of cohesiveness, were also the teams whose members have the most positive outcome expectancy. The results supported this prediction.     

2007年瑞士精英赛中国女排与古巴女排技战术运用比较

采用文献资料、录像统计、数理统计、逻辑分析等方法,对2007年瑞士精英赛中国女排技战术运用情况进行分析。结果显示：1）突出“高快结合,拦防严密,攻防兼备”是世界女排的发展趋势;2）中国女子排球最佳扣球手的快攻技术和快扣快球的成功率总体高于俄罗斯、美国、古巴;3）“快速多变”的战术是中国女子排球队夺冠的重要因素。     

Time-motion,tactical and technical analysis in top-level karatekas according to gender,match outcome and weight categories

The aim of this study was to define the time-motion (i.e., fighting, preparatory and breaking activity), technical (i.e., attack, timed-attack, counterattack, blocking and grasps) and tactical (i.e., upper limb, lower-limb, combination and throwing) profiles of the senior top-level karate competition played under the most recent rules of the International Karate Federation in relation to gender, match outcome and weight categories. Time-motion, tactical actions and technical executions were investigated of senior karatekas (n = 60) during the Karate World Championship. The referee’s decisions caused an overall activity-to-break ratio of ~1:1.5 with a significant difference (P = 0.025) between karateka’s weight categories (light = 1:1.5; middle = 1:2 and heavy = 1:1). High-intensity actions (i.e., attack and defensive actions performed quickly and powerfully) were higher in male compared to female athletes. Top-level karatekas used upper limb techniques more than lower limb ones, with both applied in the head more than in the body. For the high-intensity-actions to pause ratio and the percentage of combined techniques, light weight category was significantly higher than middle weight category. These findings suggest that training programs may need to be specific to the requirements of the gender and weight categories.     

排球比赛临场统计系统的研究与设计

在排球比赛过程中，临场统计是一项非常重要的工作，它可以即时反映比赛双方的技战术变化以及临场发挥的优势和弱点。但长期以来这项工作一直是手工完成的。即使在现阶段，已有的统计程序也仅仅停留在单项技术的统计上，不能进行综合全面的统计与分析。在广泛调研临场统计工作现状的前提下，开发了排球比赛临场统计系统VolleyStal．0。实验证明，该系统不仅可以完全满足排球联赛的各种统计工作要求，而且具有操作简单、高效可靠的特点，是当前排球比赛临场统计的有力工具。     

优秀排球运动员比赛效能的评定

介绍运用效能评分法对排球运动员在比赛中进行技术评定的方法。此评定方法既简单易学、易用,又能比较客观地衡量每一个运动员在比赛中技术水平发挥的状况和比赛中的作用,为赛后进行总结和下一步的训练提供可靠的资料     

自我效能对排球运动员的作用及培养

自我效能是个体在某一水平上完成某一活动所具有的能力判断、信念或主体自我把握与感受,它对排球运动员无论在训练还是比赛中都有极其重要的作用,培养队员良好的自我效能感对队员竞技水平稳定良好的发挥、球队整体水平的保持和提高以及取得优异成绩方面具有深远的影响.建议各排球专业队在日常训练中重视对球员自我效能感的培养.     

High-intensity efforts in elite soccer matches and associated movement patterns,technical skills and tactical actions. Information for position-specific training drills

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to translate movement patterns, technical skills and tactical actions associated with high-intensity efforts into metrics that could potentially be used to construct position-specific conditioning drills. A total of 20 individual English Premier League players’ high-intensity running profiles were observed multiple times (n = 100) using a computerised tracking system. Data were analysed using a novel high-intensity movement programme across five positions (centre back [CB], full-back [FB], central midfielder [CM], wide midfielder [WM] and centre forward [CF]). High-intensity efforts in contact with the ball and the average speed of efforts were greater in WMs than CBs, CMs and CFs (effect sizes [ES]: 0.9–2.1, P < 0.05). WMs produced more repeated efforts than CBs and CMs (ES: 0.6–1.3, P < 0.05). In possession, WMs executed more tricks post effort than CBs and CMs (ES: 1.2–1.3, P < 0.01). FBs and WMs performed more crosses post effort than other positions (ES: 1.1–2.0, P < 0.01). Out of possession, CFs completed more efforts closing down the opposition (ES: 1.4–5.0, P < 0.01) but less tracking opposition runners than other positions (ES: 1.5–1.8, P < 0.01). CFs performed more arc runs before efforts compared to CBs, FBs and WMs (ES: 0.9–1.4, P < 0.05), however, CBs completed more 0–90° turns compared to FBs, CMs and WMs (ES: 0.9–1.1, P < 0.01). The data demonstrate unique high-intensity trends in and out of possession that could assist practitioners when devising position-specific drills.     

乒乓球运动技战术分析方法探讨

乒乓球运动技战术分析方法对技术提升起着重要的指导作用,本文结合实践,在综合分析技战术层次与定义、统计资料来源与类型的基础上,探讨乒乓球运动技战术的分析方法。结果发现:受限于分析方法现有研究主要集中于基本与应用技术层面上,合理的资料选取与多种方法结合的分析,对乒乓球运动技战术的推论性检验与比较将更具体、研究结果将更科学有效。     

析青少年排球运动员比赛失常的心理因素及自我调节

论述构成青少年排球运动员临场心理的主客观要素,剖析了比赛失常现象形成的心理因素,并就如何形成最佳的临场心态,提出了运动员自我调节的手段与建议。     

排球比赛中运动员思维特征及思维能力的培养

从分析比赛中运动员思维活动的特征着手，简明了思维能力在高水平排球比赛中所起着的微妙的，不易被人们重视的作用，对思维能力发展对策进行了探讨。     

2016年欧洲杯葡萄牙队夺冠的技战术分析

运用文献资料法、录像观察法和数理统计法等,对欧洲杯冠军葡萄牙队技战术情况进行研究.结果表明:葡萄牙队把握进球机会的能力并不是很强,在面对比自己实力强的球队时,控球力明显下降,球队的表现不是很稳定,但球队的防守和把握关键球的能力非常强.     

浅谈克服排球运动员比赛中不良心态的训练方法

排球比赛中，不良的心理状态，能降低运动员的运动能力和运动效果，造成比赛失利。本文对比赛中经常出现的心理障碍作出分析，并对目前被广泛采用的心理训练方法进行了探讨。     

Multivariate isokinetic asymmetry of the knee and shoulder in elite volleyball players

Abstract

Muscle strength asymmetries have been investigated in athletes under the assumption of their connection to functional discrepancies and injuries. In volleyball, which is a highly asymmetric sport, this assumption becomes a well established research hypothesis. Given the almost complete lack of scientific evidence on this hypothesis, the present study focused on the detailed multivariate quantification of muscle asymmetries in offensive volleyball players. Twenty-four elite athletes (age 24.71±4.44 years, weight 84.62±6.24, height 190.08±5.58) were tested for concentric isokinetic muscle strength (a) of the internal and external rotators of the shoulder and (b) of the quadriceps and hamstrings of the knee at 60^o/s. Significant multivariate results were found for absolute (Max-Min) asymmetry in the upper (Hotteling's T ²=8.801, F=7.447, P=0.001) and the lower limbs (Hotteling's T ²=16.382, F=13.862, P=0.000), for fluctuating asymmetry (Dominant-Non Dominant) in the upper limbs (Hotteling's T ²=5.584, F=4.296, P=0.013) and for directional asymmetry (Left-Right) in the lower limbs (Hotteling's T ²=3.593, F=3.041, P=0.036). It appears that the upper and lower limbs of offensive volleyball players present significant composite muscle strength asymmetries, which should be taken into consideration in training and rehabilitation.     

我国优秀女排队员移动拦网技术动作解析

1前言近年来世界排球大赛的实践表明，拦网已从单一的防守技术转变为攻防兼备的制胜技术之一。拦网水平的高低不仅直接影响比赛的胜负，而且也是衡量一支球队技战术水平的重要标志之一，因此，备受国内外教练员和科研工作者的关注。长期以来，有关拦网技术的研究，仅限于现场统     

男排运动员专项力量发展水平的检查与评定

运用献资料研究、问卷调查、数理统计等方法，从分析我国优秀排球运动员的专项力量特征入手，对优秀男排运动员专项力量发展水平进行检查与判定的手段和方法，进行了探讨和研究，以期为排球选材和训练工作提供参考。     

Acceleration and sprint profiles of a professional elite football team in match play

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterise the acceleration and sprint profiles of elite football match play in one Norwegian elite football team (Rosenborg FC). Fifteen professional players in five playing positions took part in the study (n = 101 observations). Player movement was recorded during every domestic home game of one full season (n = 15) by an automatic tracking system based on microwave technology. Each player performed 91 ± 21 accelerations per match, with a lower number in the second compared with the first half (47 ± 12 vs. 44 ± 12). Players in lateral positions accelerated more often compared to players in central positions (98.3 ± 20.5 vs. 85.3 ± 19.5, p < 0.05). Average sprint distance was 213 ± 111 m distributed between 16.6 ± 7.9 sprints, with no differences between first (106 ± 60 m, 8.2 ± 4.2 sprints) and second halves (107 ± 72 m, 8.3 ± 4.8 sprints). Players in lateral positions sprinted longer distances (287 ± 211 m vs. 160 ± 76 m, p < 0.05) and tended to sprint more often (21.6 ± 7.8 vs. 13.0 ± 5.7, p = 0.064) compared to players in central positions. We found more walking and less of the more intense activities during the last third of the season compared to the first. The main finding in this study was that Norwegian elite players had substantially less number of accelerations and fewer but longer sprints than previous studies reported for higher-ranked leagues. Also, less high-intensity activity was found towards the end of the season. Ultimately, these data provide useful information for the fitness coach (1) in planning of position-specific football training and (2) to avoid the decline in high-intensity activities the last third of the competitive season.