THE ARMY WAY: EFFECTIVE TRAINING WITH TELEVISION.

This paper is an abbreviated version of the co‐authors’ presentation at the Association's Annual Conference in Manchester, 1978. It offers some points for discussion in the debate on how to influence lecturers and trainers to have a new approach to learning, involving a better use of television facilities. We attempt to show how television took its place in army training in both the United States and British Armies, and though a cost‐effective and useful aid in its own right, it also played a part in influencing trainers towards a new training attitude. The US Army has been involved in this field ten years longer than the British Army and thus, because of its experience and size has interesting figures to support the case that may be made for its approach to training and development. This could be an important indication for training methods in a wide range of contexts in the future.     

The Internet Learning Forum

Summary

This paper reports an effort to create a community of practice for teachers' professional development via the World Wide Web. Beginning with a discussion of our theoretical foundations and current online models of professional development, we address the problem of how developing Web and video technologies may provide innovative and effective professional development for teachers. We describe the initial conceptions of the Internet Learning Forum (ILF), a Web site developed to support mathematics and science teachers sharing and evolving their pedagogical practices. This site includes exemplary instructional units, teachers' reflections, and peer discussion. Starting with video, ILF participants examine assumptions, reflect on practices, and share within the ILF community. The goal of this unique community of practice is to create quality professional development. While this paper provides an overview of our initial design work, the site has evolved into a nationally funded project. However, the work described here, which guided the development of the prototype, has important implications for other Web-based efforts to support teacher professional development.     

Promoting Desirable Outcomes Among Culturally and Ethnically Diverse Children in Social Emotional Learning Programs: a Multilevel Heuristic Model

The primary goal of this article is to situate the findings from evidence-based studies of social emotional learning (SEL) interventions into a broader social context by reframing the discussion to consider how aspects of sociocultural competence impact the development and delivery of programs. The limitations of current SEL intervention efforts are discussed and a multilevel heuristic model that identifies and defines the theoretical constructs that we believe are culturally bound and associated with the content, implementation, and evaluation components of SEL intervention programs is presented. We point out constraints associated with this effort and offer specific strategies and activities by which school personnel involved in these activities can be encouraged to embrace socioculturally based SEL practices in their classrooms and offer guidance for future research.     

浅议绿色建筑在我国的发展

绿色建筑是当今建筑产业发展的必然趋势,近年来,我国在绿色建筑方面做出了许多研究和努力,本文从概念、发展历程、评估体系等方面对绿色建筑的发展做出了阐述,并总结了目前我国绿色建筑发展中的主要障碍和技术前景。     

Integrated initial and continuing training as a way of developing the professional agency of teachers and student teachers

In this paper, we discuss training aimed at supporting the professional agency of teachers and student teachers. Drawing on socio-cultural and post-structural theories, we conceptualize professional agency as achieved by participation in professional practices. We employ our conceptualization in an analysis of a Finnish pilot training that combined initial and continuous training for preschool and primary school teachers. We argue that the practices of reflection and collective enquiry inherent in the model offer a fruitful starting point for further efforts to understand how to support the development of the professional agency of teachers and student teachers simultaneously.     

Teaching with and for discussion

Leading productive classroom discussions is difficult, as any one knows who has tried. Teaching future teachers to lead them is doubly difficult — a case of teaching beyond one's own understanding. Here we report our reflection on our efforts to teach beginning teachers to lead discussions. Our method was reflective inquiry, for the central problem we addressed arose from within our teaching, and this is where its solution would have to be worked out. Lisa, one of our student teachers, expressed the problem well: After participating capably in and reflecting upon model discussions that we had led, she said that she had “really no idea how to lead a discussion” herself. Our efforts to teach with discussion were surprisingly inconsequential when it came to teaching for discussion, where the subject matter is discussion itself — its worth, purposes, types, and procedures — and in which case discussion is not a teaching method but a curriculum objective. Against this problem, we critique methods we have used to teach both with and for discussion and present a typology that we developed in order to do both better.     

Conceptualizing climate change in the context of a climate system: implications for climate and environmental education

Today there is much interest in teaching secondary students about climate change. Much of this effort has focused directly on students’ understanding of climate change. We hypothesize, however, that in order for students to understand climate change they must first understand climate as a system and how changes to this system due to both natural and human influences result in climatic and environmental changes and feedbacks. The purpose of this article is to articulate a climate system framework for teaching about climate change and to stimulate discussion about what secondary students should know and understand about a climate system. We first provide an overview of the research on secondary students’ conceptions of climate and climate change. We then present a climate system framework for teaching about climate and climate change that builds on students’ conceptions and scientific perspectives. We conclude by articulating a draft conceptual progression based on students’ conceptions and our climate system framework as a means to inform curriculum development, instructional design, and future research in climate and environmental education.     

Science teachers and technology teachers developing electronics and electricity courses together

We analyse the effectiveness of our 'Get Electronics' project, where our aim was to support 60 science teachers and 60 technology teachers in their efforts to co-operate and arrange courses in basics of electricity and electronics. The research problems consider the importance of the study of the basics of electricity and electronics at the comprehensive school and how we succeeded in promoting elective courses in this field by producing new learning materials and by organizing in-service training. Our survey had an ex post facto design with a study group and a non-equivalent control group. The results showed that the study group teachers had been more active in developing and improving their teaching, they had organized more courses, and they had co-operated more actively than had teachers in the control group. We also analyse the features that made our project successful.     

Applicable Adaptive Testing Models for School Teachers

Small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in creating a dynamic and successful European economy. Time‐poor managers in these organisations generally have fewer opportunities for training and development than their counterparts in larger organisations. As a result, different requirements are placed on training. The aim of this study was to test the principles of action learning in a virtual environment. The action‐learning programme was based on virtual working but did also involve face‐to‐face workshops, thus providing a blended approach. The project was designed to be “evaluation‐led”, with evaluation progressing alongside the project from design to finalisation. The focus of this paper is on how the evaluation‐led approach unfolded. To this end, we start by explaining our research approach, we then move on to an analysis of the project to conclude with a discussion of the findings and of the lessons learnt. We conclude by highlighting some further research needs.     

应用型本科院校英语专业学科建设改革

目前我国英语专业人才培养存在着许多问题,如教学模式单一,缺少实践性以及规范性等。因此,应用型本科院校应该怎样建设英语专业,是一个值得探讨的问题。应用型本科院校的基本定位就是服务当地经济,培养高级应用型技能人才。为完成培养目标,应用型本科英语专业应该从人才培养目标定位和创新课程体系等方面进行改革与实践。     

Academic Development as Academic Work

In this paper the authors reflect on their experiences of being academic developers and suggest how our profession might advance in the future. Our inquiry focuses on academic development and how we can support our clients more effectively. We propose that the profession of academic development should aim for academic status with many more research‐active staff contributing to its knowledge base. If this profession were located within the already recognized research field of higher education, we believe a number of potential benefits could accrue. These include a new level of professional standing, greater efficiency in our universities and a more substantial academic development community. Our thoughts and arguments on the nature of our work are framed within a discussion of professional identity, knowledge and academic freedom.     

中小学班级管理中教育公平的实现——基于师德建设的视角

学术界对宏观层次的教育公平问题探讨较多,而对涉及班级管理、教师行为与态度等微观领域教育公平关注较少.作为教师,努力加强自身的职业道德修养,在教育公平视野之下,关注、矫正自身的教育行为,在教育过程中促进教育公平的发展.从班级管理中存在的教育公平问题人手,在微观领域探讨导致教育不公平问题背后的原因,提出在加强师德建设的基础上实现班级管理中的最大化的教育公平策略.     

Teachers and Consultation: Applying research and development in organisations (RADIO)

In this article we describe how the RADIO process enabled EPiTs to negotiate research with an EPS around its desire to evaluate and develop its consultation work with schools. Findings of the evaluation and their implications for the Service are described and the potential of RADIO as a tool for providing external research support from HEIs for EPS or LA development, is discussed. Further discussion identifies the benefits of the application of RADIO in the research training of EPiTs in HEIs.     

集中资源 优化组合 建设研究生公共教学科研实验平台

指出当前高校普遍存在教学实验设施陈旧落后、运转效率低下、仪器设备使用率、开放性、共享度都不高的问题,分析了高校建设研究生公共教学科研实验平台的必要性,介绍了中国科学技术大学公共教学实验平台建设的创新实践,对加强和完善研究生公共教学科研实验平台建设进行了思考和探讨。     

提高硕士研究生学术水平的方法探讨——以数量经济学专业为例

以数量经济学硕士研究生的培养为例,从抓生源早培养、优化课程体系和培养方案、增强实践教学、带领学生参与科研项目的研究以及团队培养硕士研究生等方面探讨培养硕士研究生的创新能力,提高硕士研究生学术水平的方法,并通过具体做法和取得的实效加以说明。     

The Advanced Instructional Design Advisor

The Advanced Instructional Design Advisor is an Air Force project which involves the development and testing of automated instructional design guidance for use by Air Force technical training specialists in the development of computer-based training (CBT). This paper discusses the particular structure of an experimental instructional design advisor and how it has and will be used as a research platform to guide future efforts in automating instructional design. The experimental system described makes use of automated instructional strategies which can be systematically altered along a number of dimensions (e.g., amount of learner control, use of qualitative feedback during practice, etc.). Such a tool is essential to conduct research in this area, and has the added benefit of facilitating the rapid prototyping of CBT.     

基于资源整合的社区学院能力建设新途径探讨

目前我国社区学院的建设与发展存在诸多亟待解决的问题。为此,可充分发挥高职教育资源优势,努力完善管理体制,增强资源整合、课程研发、队伍建设、科学研究、网络建设与信息化能力,提升内涵,实现社区教育服务社会的目标。