墨脱毛兰，一个可能的“异常整齐花”型，兼论兰科中“异常整齐花”现象

新种墨脱毛兰可能是足茎毛兰的“异常整齐花”型。  “异常整齐花”现象在兰科中时     有所见，在不同分类群中情况各异，至今尚未见系统的研究。本文认为辐射对称花被是兰科的     正常特征之一，主要见于原始的种类和少数进化的种类，也不同程度地存在于“异常整齐花”实     体中。具辐射对称花被的兰科植物大多数不是“异常整齐花”型，判断时要参酌其他特点，持慎     重态度。兰科“异常整齐花”有两种情况，一是异常型，亦即正常植株中仅偶见“异常整齐花”，     或同一个种可同时产生“异常整齐花”植株与正常植株，两者并存。另一种情况是正常型，亦即     只产生“异常整齐花”，而无正常的两侧对称花。后者意味着在进化过程中的一种飞跃，即形成     了新植物。对此最好作为独立的种处理，特别是在它的来源还不清楚的情况下更是如此。目     前所认为的一些所谓“异常整齐花”实体，大都是推测而已，其中有些或许在将来会被证明为正    常的、原始的植物。     

暖地杓兰——与碗兰属有密切关系的新种

Cypripedium subtropicum S.  C. Chen et K. Y. Lang is a phytogeography- cally significant new species with its habit, inflorescence and column very similar to those of Selenipedilum of tropical America.  It is found in Mêdog of southeastern Xi- zang, China.  Its slender leafy stem bears at the summit a many-flowered raceme, am- ounting to 1.5 m in height. Although its ovary is unilocular—this is the reason why we place it in Cypripedium, the column characters resemble those of Selenipedilum. For example, the staminode is rather small and its long stalk is very similar in texture and color to the filament of the fertile stamens. Obviously, it is a primitive new species re- lated to Selenipedilum based on the similarities mentioned above.       In the subfamily Cypripedioideae, as generally recognized, Selenipedilum is  the most primitive genus, from which or whose allies Cypripedium is derived.  Of phyto- geographical significance is the fact that Selenipedilum occurs in Central America and northern South America, while a cypripedium akin to it is discontinuously distributed in subtropical Asia.  This suggests that Selenipedilum or Selenipedilum-like  form be once continually distributed in North America and eastern Asia when the climate there was warmer, as it is in the subtropics today.  The floristic relationship between Central America and subtropical Asia appears to be closer than expected, as shown by the dis- tribution patterns of Tropidia, Erythrodes, etc.  Based on the occurrence of all six sec- tions and particularly the most primitive form in eastern Asia, Cypripedium seems to be of Asian, rather than Central American, origin.  Selenipedilum possesses some very primitive characters, such as trilocular ovary, vanilla-scented fruit, seed with sclerotic testa, simple column and more or less suffrutescent habit.  The latter is considered by Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) to be one of ancestral characters of monocotyledons, which is now very rare not only in Orchidaceae but also in all monocotyledons.  It is indeed necessary to make further investigations on Selenipedilum and also the new species pub-lished here, as well as a detailed comparison between them.     

中国角盘兰属植物的研究

Herminium is a genus of about 26 species, mainly distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of Asia and Europe.  Yunnan, Sichuan and Xizang in China are the pre- sent distribution centre as well as differentiation centre of the genus. In the present paper, taxa of Herminium hitherto recorded in China are taxonomically and phytogeographically discussed and revised, and, as a result, 18 species are recongnized, including two newly recorded spe- cies, H. angustilabre King et Pantl. and H. quinquelobum King et Pantl., and 12 species en- demic to China.  A full list of synonyms is given, a key to the species is provided and the distribution areas of all taxa are mapped.     

中国兜被兰属植物的研究

兰科的兜被兰属约有12种，主要分布于亚洲的温带至亚热带山地，我国的四川和云南是其现代分布中心和分化中心。本文通过植物地理学、孢粉学和解剖学的研究，对该属进行分类学订正，确认中国产有12种，其中9种为我国特有，包括4个新种和1个新组合种。     

中国兰科线柱兰属一新记录种——黄花线柱兰

报道了中国兰科植物一新记录种,黄花线柱兰Zeuxine flava (Wall. ex Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook. f.。本种的唇瓣橘黄色并呈“T”形,前唇裂片成方形,长宽近相等,唇瓣基部囊内各具一枚钩状胼胝体。     

中国阔蕊兰属植物的研究

  Peristylus is a genus of over 60 species, mainly distributed in the Old World tropics, with many species extending northwards to central China.   In the present paper, the taxa of the genus hitherto recorded in China are taxonomically and phytogeographically dis- cussed and revised, and, as a result, 20 species are recognized, including one new species, P. jinchuanicus K. Y. Lang, and four new combinations, P. bulleyi (Rolfe) K. Y. Lang, P. for- restii (Schltr.) K. Y. Lang, P. longiracemus (Fukuyama)  K.  Y.  Lang and  P. neotineoides (Ames et Schltr.) K. Y. Lang. A full list of synonyms is given, a key to the species is pro- vided and the distribution areas in China of all the taxa are mapped.     

中国兜被兰属植物的花粉形态及其分类意义

 兜被兰属Neottianthe全世界共约12种,中国均有分布,其中9种为我国所特有。本属花粉形态 和组成都很特殊,它是由许多单粒花粉粘结在一起形成复合花粉——花粉小块,其形状一般为狭长的三 棱锥体形。外壁表面具5种纹饰类型:(A)近光滑,或具十分微弱的小凹陷;(B)外壁具穿孔状纹饰; (c)外壁具沟渠状纹饰;(D)外壁具拟网状纹饰;(E)具典型的网状纹饰。奉属有些种类,例如:N．cal- cicola,N．monophylla,N．pseudo-diphylax和N．cucullata等4种在分类上还存在许多问题,有些分类 学家把N.calcicola,N.monophylla,N.pseudo-diphylax 3种均归并于N．cucullata。孢粉学资料表 明上述4个种花粉特征完全不同,因此,上述4种仍应各自独立为种。最后,强调指出N．camptoceras的花粉形状和外壁纹饰等特征在本属为特殊类型。     

关于 Archineottia与Holopogon 两属合并的问题

 本文根据蕊柱结构将Archineottia 归并于Holopogon，并发表了5个新组合：无喙兰Holopogon gaudissartii (Hand.-Mzt.) S. C. Chen、 印度无喙兰H. microglottis (Duthie) S. C. Chen、锡金无喙兰H. pantlingii (W. W. Smith) S. C. Chen、叉唇无喙兰 H. smithianus (Schltr.) S. C. Chen、 日本无喙兰H. japonicus (M. Furuse) S. C. Chen。     

有机无机复混肥对烤烟生长和产质量的影响

以新型有机无机复混肥、常用复混肥、有机肥和烤烟专用肥为供试肥料进行大田试验，试验结果表明：施用新型有机无机复混肥的处理烤烟烟株生长速度快，烟叶叶片厚度适中；产量、产值和中上等烟比例均以施用新型有机无机复混肥的处理最高，烟叶化学成分较为协调。而且，施用新型有机无机复混肥后有利于土壤N，P，K矿化，提高了有效养分含量。     

独龙虾脊兰（兰科）的合格发表

通过补充拉丁文描述和指定模式，本文合格发表了独龙虾脊兰Calanthe dulongensis H. Li, R. Li & Z. L. Dao。该种因其唇瓣中裂片上有3个具短柄的金黄色球状附属物而有别于本属的其他类群。本种在体态上与疏花虾脊兰C. henryi Rolfe和车前虾脊兰C. plantaginea Lindl.相近，不同之处在于本种的根状茎明显，花瓣倒卵状披针形 ，中萼片无毛；本种在体态上也与三褶虾脊兰C. triplicata (Willem.) Ames相近，区别在于本种的唇     

鸟巢兰属与无喙兰属的蕊柱式样及其在系统发育和分类上的意义

  The column is the most characteristic part of an orchid flower.  It is considered to be formed by the union of stamens with a central style and stigma.  In the Apo- stasieae, for example, the column is rather primitive in the stamens and style only partially united, whereas in the majority of higher orchids it becomes more advanced through a eomplete union of them into a single organ.  Within the family, indeed, the column structure is greatly diversified and of great taxonomic significance.   It is interesting to note that a great range of diversity of column structure is bund in Neottia (sensu lato), a small but widespread genus consisting of 14 species, about two thirds of which, however, are of local occurance and seem to be little known to many botanists.  In some speeies of this genus we find a very primitive column structure which is quite unique in the family, while in the others it is much more complicated.  In all, five types of their column structure can be distinguished as fol-   lows: (1) column rather longer; anther erect with a short filament attached to the back of the column near the apex; stigma terminal; neither clinandrium nor rostel- lure; (f. 2, 4)  (2) as the preceding, 'except for the stigma more or less curved fore- ward and filament longer; (f. 6, 8)  (3) column rather longer with a clinandrium at its summit, upon which a sessile and incumbent anther sits; rostellum large, hori- zontally projecting out over the concave stigma situated in the front of the column; (f. 10, 13, 15, 17)  (4) as the preceding, except, for the anther and rostellum almost erect, and the stigma more or less bilabiate; (f. 19,21)  (5) column very short; an- ther and rostellum erect; stigma lamellate, erect; reflexed and almost clasping the rostellum. (f.,2g) In these .five types, with the exception of the first one in which the labellum (the median petal) is very similar to the lateral: petals, they all possess zygomorphic perianth with labellum bilobed or entire which is quite different from the two lateral petals.       Here, we see a great change in the column structure from one form with stamen and style not fully united to another form  in  which  they  have been well fused. Speaking strictly, these are two sorts of entirely  different column structure. The former one, represented by (1) and (2) as stated above, is, in fact, an incomplete or s very primitive column in having a terminal stigma and an erect stamen with its free filament attached to the back of the column; and the absence of clinandrium and rostellum.  Furthermore, there exists on the back of the column a thick ridge with its upper end joined to the filament, with which it is of the same texture and appearance.  In Neottia pantlingii (=Arohineottia pantlingii) the free filament is even rather longer than the ridge, (f. 6) while in the other three species (f. 2, 4, 8) they are shorter.  It is in my opinion the lower part of the filament adnate to the compound style or column.  This is another fact of interest perhaps not occuring in any other living orchids.  On the other hand, the latter one, represented by (3), (4) and (5), is a more advanced column structure, in which a higher level of specialisa- tion with well-developed clinandrium and rostellum is reached.  The stigma becomes shallow depressed on the anterior side of the column, or sometimes in the form of so- mewhat a bilabiate lip projecting out before or under the long rostellum.  This is apparently a complete column both in structure and function quite different from the former and, contrarily, much like that of Listera.       Basing upon the facts just mentioned, we may subdivided Neottia (sensu lato) into two distinct genera, with two and three sections respectively.  They are as fol- lows:       1. Archineottia S. C. Chen, gen. nov.       (1)  Sect. Archineottia             1) A. gaudissartii (Hand.-Mzt.) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (China)             2) A. microglottis (Duthie) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (India)        (2)  Sect. Furciila S. C. Chen, sect. nov.             3) A. pantlingii (W. W. Smith) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (Sikkim)             4) A. smithiana (Schltr.) S. C. Chen, comb. nov. (China)       2. Neottia Guett.        (1)  Sect.   Listeroides   S.C. Chen, sect. nov.             1) N. listeroides (L.) Rchb. f. (China, Sikkim, Kashmir)               2) N. camtschatea (L.) Rchb. f, (China, Soviet Union)             3) N. megalochila S. C. Chen, nom. nov. (China)             4) N. inayatii (I)uthie) Schltr. (Pakistan, Kashmir)             5) N. tenii Schltr; (China)       (2)  Sect. Neottia             6) N. papilligera Schltr. (Chinas: Japan, Korea, Soviet Union, Sikkim)             7) N. nidus-avis (L.) L. C. Rich. (Europe, Iran, Western Siberia)             8) N. brevilabris Tang et Wang: (China)       (3)  Sect. Hologlossa S. C. Chen, sect. nov.             9) N. acuminata Schltr. (China, Japan, Korea, Soviet Union, Sikkim)      Inperfeetly known species:       10) N. ussuriensis   (Kom. et Nevski) S6o (Soviet Union)      Thus, the subtribe Neottiinae are composed of four genera, namely, Diplandror- chis, Archineottia, Neottia and Listera.  The new genus Archineottia, as one of the most primitive genera in the family, is of great interest from a phylogenetic point of view.  It shows dose similarity to Diplandrorchis and Neottia in habit, but sharply distinct from them in column structure.  These genera, as indicated By some authors, also show affinity in some respects with the  subtribe  Limodorinae,  especially  to Tangtsinia and Sinorchis, the other two quite primitive genera in the family.  There is, indeed, a great need of further study of these interesting or relic genera and this, I think, would go a long way towards solving the problems concerning the origin ofthe Orchidaceae.     

西藏虾脊兰属一新种

Calanthe tangmaiensis K. Y. Lang & Y. Tateishi (Orchidaceae) isdescribed as new from Xizang, China.     

兰科火烧兰属Epipactis若干种类的增补与修订

讨论了北美火烧兰 Epipactis gigantea、卵叶火烧兰 E．royleana和大叶火烧兰 E．mairei之间的异同。过去被许多作者认为是北美火烧兰 E．gigantea和卵叶火烧兰 E．royleana的中国植物实际上应是大叶火烧兰 E.mairei。卵叶火烧兰在中国仅局限于西藏东南部。