如何突破新课标阅读理解七选五题型

<正>2012年河北省高考第一年使用新课标卷,英语试卷中出现了新题型——"七选五"阅读理解题,不少学生感到困难,因而失分严重。其实,只要明白了这种新题型所考查的要点,出题位置,在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解,掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构,对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力是非常有帮助的。     

问题解决型CAI课件中的教学策略设计

本文介绍了什么是问题解决型CAI课件,问题解决学习中的3个要素,以及设计问题解决型CAI课件时要考虑的3个要素。结合《计算机信息技术基础》问题解决型CAI课件的实例,介绍了如何进行基于建构主义学习理论的抛锚式教学策略和支架式教学策略的设计。     

数学困难儿童解题策略综述

根据特定学习情境所采用的有效的解题策略,对个体的学习效果具有重要作用,因此对数学困难儿童进行解题策略的研究很有意义.本文主要从加减法、估算、表征、元认知等几个方面对近年来数学困难儿童的策略研究进行了分析,提出了目前存在的问题,并对其发展走向进行了探讨.     

案例教学在环境生物工程课程中的应用

把案例教学应用于"环境生物工程"这门课程.在教学过程中,把握好案例的筛选和编写、课堂教学过程四步骤(讲述原理、案例观摩、研讨交流、教师总结)以及成绩评定等环节,从而使学生综合能力水平得到提升.     

Freshman perceptions of instructor fairness and expertise: A problem in course evaluation

This paper reports a study based on Bruner, Shapiro and Tagiuri's conception of lay personality theory. The trait implication questionnaire adapted from Bruner et. al. was used to investigate the way in which freshmen students make inferences about instructor fairness and expertise. Results are discussed in light of their implications for the use of student course evaluations.     

新课程下中学化学问题解决教学的探究

新的教学观把教学过程看成是师生交往、互动、共同发展的过程，提倡主动学习、独立学习，使学习过程更多地成为学生发现问题，提出问题，解决问题的过程．问题解决教学法则将教与学这方面的观念付之于实施提供了一种可能．     

3～5岁幼儿在人际冲突故事情境中问题解决策略的研究

本研究随机选取浙江省长兴县某幼儿园中班和小班幼儿139名,通过假设故事情境的方式考察儿童在人际冲突情境中的行为策略及其背后的归因方式,进而对不同归因方式下孩子的行为策略进行比较分析,发现不同归因方式下幼儿行为策略存在显著差异.     

初二学生解应用题策略类型研究及其教学启示

采用口语报告法进一步考查了初二年级中不同学业水平的学生解应用题策略类型,结果发现,优秀生倾向于采用"俯瞰型"策略,中等生倾向于采用"经验型"策略,较差生倾向于采用"盲试型"策略。总结了研究的理论和现实意义,并着重阐明其对教学的启示。     

Web-enhanced case-based activity in teacher education: a case study

Recent work in case-based reasoning (CBR) reinforces the importance of situated learning, expert cases, and authentic tasks and activities for novice learners. As novices engage CBR environments, they apprentice in the experts’ practices while developing the understanding, knowledge and skill of a given community. This study examined how prospective teachers, as novices in a semester-long course, engaged and developed expert-like practices using the case knowledge of experienced teachers who teach with technology. By engaging experienced teachers’ knowledge and skill via Web-enhanced cases, prospective teachers refined their understanding of teaching culture and teaching with technology as they transitioned to the teaching community.     

Mentoring in academe: Models for facilitating academic development

Mentoring academics is an integral step in aiding their professional development. This commitment to mentoring is discussed by three criminal justice professors, each in a distinct phase of his career. Three distinct mentoring models are discussed: (1) continuing a mentoring relationship with a dissertation advisor or other mentor from graduate school, (2) developing a new mentoring relationship at an academic institution where one receives a position, and (3) developing a new mentoring relationship with an academic in the same field, but at a totally separate institution. The authors describe their advancement in the field of criminal justice as it relates to the existence of a mentoring model, focusing on identifying the strengths of each model.     

Using videodisk instruction in an elementary science methods course: Remediating science knowledge deficiencies and facilitating science teaching attitudes

Inadequate science knowledge of preservice teachers enrolled in science methods courses not only limits their mastery of effective teaching practices, but also may foster negative attitudes toward science teaching. This study investigated the influence of science knowledge upon attitudes toward science teaching in a one-semester elementary science methods course by embedding a videodisk-based instructional component to remediate knowledge deficiencies. Preservice teachers in the experimental group first learned core concepts in physical and earth science through a series of 24 interactive videodisk lessons and then used the concepts as a foundation for preparing and presenting model science lessons. Results showed that the experimental group overcame their initial knowledge deficiencies by mastering the core concepts presented (mean proportion correct on mastery test = 0.91), with multivariate covariance analysis confirming that the experimentals gain in science knowledge was significantly greater than comparable controls in the parallel science methods sections. Additionally, as a result of mastering the core concepts underlying earth science, preservice teachers using the videodisk instruction also displayed significantly greater confidence in their understanding of science knowledge and more positive attitudes toward science teaching at the elementary levels. Implications for improving elementary science teaching through preservice and in-service training are discussed.     

改革与对策：CET4新题型应试技巧与解题策略--以CET4段落翻译为例

在大学英语四、六级考试改革背景下,四级考试翻译部分由原来的单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英,本次改革对考生英语语言表达能力提出了更高层次的要求。该文章从大学英语四级考试(以下简称CET4)新题型段落翻译的变化及命题要求谈起,对目前两次新题型考试翻译真题进行分析,对CET4翻译部分的应试技巧进行探索,并提出具体解题策略,旨在帮助广大考生清楚地了解新题型段落翻译,并做好相应的应试准备。     

Integrating failure in case-based learning: a conceptual framework for failure classification and its instructional implications

Employing authentic cases experienced by practitioners in educational contexts is critical to expanding students’ experience and engaging students in authentic problems to promote their real-world problem-solving skills. Although in real life, practitioners experience both success and failure and learn from both, little research has been done so far to conceptualize why and how failure should be employed in case-based learning (CBL) as a way to develop students’ abilities to solve ill-structured problems. The goal of this paper is to theoretically justify the need for integrating failure cases in CBL to help students become better problem solvers. To achieve this, this paper attempted to approach failure from the perspective of human error and proposed a classification of failure based on the degree of explicitness of human error involved in problem solving. Based on discussions of potential benefits and challenges of integrating different types of failure cases in education, this paper also proposed instructional design strategies that can help facilitate better use of failure cases.

     

"问题解决"课堂教学模式:开创数学教学新境界

文章对"问题解决"课堂教学模式的理论框架、功能目标、培养目标、操作程序、评价标准等进行了系统而全面的探讨,并进行了实践尝试,取得了良好的效果.     

Teacher self-assessment: A mechanism for facilitating professional growth

Self-assessment is a powerful technique for improving achievement. In this article we outline a theory of teacher change that links self-assessment by teachers to their professional growth. This theory provides avenues for peers and change agents to influence teacher practice. We apply the theory to change in mathematics teaching and report an explanatory case study in which use of the self-assessment tool, in combination with other elements, contributed to change in the instructional practice of a grade 8 mathematics teacher. Provision of a self-assessment tool contributed to teacher growth by: (1) influencing the teacher's definition of excellence in teaching and increasing his ability to recognize mastery experiences; (2) helping the teacher select improvement goals by providing him with clear standards of teaching, opportunities to find gaps between desired and actual practices, and a menu of options for action; (3) facilitating communication with the teacher's peer; and (4) increasing the influence of external change agents on teacher practice. The study argues that providing a self-assessment tool is a constructive strategy for improving the effectiveness of in-service provided it is bundled with other professional growth strategies: peer coaching, observation by external change agents, and focused input on teaching strategies     

Mathematical problem posing: Implications for facilitating student inquiry in classrooms

From 1984 through 1988, the authors worked with teachers using an inquiry approach to teach high school geometry courses with the aid of the GEOMETRIC SUPPOSERS. Problems are a critical component of the approach, as they are of any instructional process, because they focus attention and energy and guide students in the application, integration, and extension of knowledge. Inquiry problems differ from traditional, single-answer textbook exercises in that they must leave room for student initiative and creativity. The observations presented in this paper about the delicate balance between specifying too much instruction and too little, which is part of creating and posing inquiry problems, are based on careful examination of students' papers and classroom observations. The paper closes with speculations on whether these observations suggest general lessons for those seeking practical and successful strategies to introduce student inquiry into classrooms, with the hope of stimulating interest in and discussion of such strategies.Preliminary versions of this paper were presented at PME-XI Montreal, 1987, and the 1988 AERA conference in New Orleans.     

Story crafting: strategies for facilitating narrative career counselling

Narrative career counselling is a growing force in career guidance and counselling that offers a direction for the field to respond to the needs of increasingly diverse client groups. In this article, we review established and emerging approaches to narrative career counselling, then focus on the emerging story telling approach. We offer examples of how career counsellors may facilitate narrative career counselling through three levels of story crafting questions, as well as mapping and scaffolding, which are illustrated by a case example.     

Skills-based learning for reproducible expertise: looking elsewhere for guidance

Despite the prevalence of adult skills-based learning, adult education researchers continue to ignore effective interdisciplinary skills-based methods. Prominent researchers dismiss empirically supported teaching guidelines, preferring situational, emancipatory methods with no demonstrable effect on skilled performance or reproducible expertise. This paper presents findings showing empirically supported best bet practices for adult skills-based learning. These findings are synthesised into seven guidelines for skills-based teaching. Educators may use these practices to inform practice and structure learner-centred adaptive training programmes.