Manipulation and Preparation of Five-Particle Entanglement

By making good use of certain quantum physics properties such as entanglement,teleportation and superposition, a quantum computer has the potential to be much more powerful than a classical computer of the same size.Although quantum-mechanical entanglement of three or four particles has been achieved experimentally, and has been used to demonstrate the extreme contradiction between quantum mechanics and local realism, the realization of five-particle entanglement, until recently, remains an experimental challenge. As reported in the July 1 issue of Nature, Prof. Pan Jianwei (Jian-Wei Pan) and his colleagues at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in Hefei have succeeded for the first time in the world in entangling five photons and demonstrating a process called "open-destination teleportation". This is another highlight of Prof. Pan' s work since the periodical published an article on experimental entanglement purification of arbitrary unknown states on May 22 in 2003.     

Quantum simulation of particle pair creation near the event horizon

Though it is still a big challenge to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics in modern physics, the theory of quantum field related with the gravitational effect has been well developed and some striking phenomena are predicted, such as Hawking radiation. However, the direct measurement of these quantum effects under general relativity is far beyond present experiment techniques. Fortunately, the emulation of general relativity phenomena in the laboratory has become accessible in recent years. However, up to now, these simulations are limited either in classical regime or in flat space whereas quantum simulation related with general relativity is rarely involved. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a quantum evolution of fermions in close proximity to an artificial black hole on a photonic chip. We successfully observe the acceleration behavior, quantum creation, and evolution of a fermion pair near the event horizon: a single-photon wave packet with positive energy escapes from the black hole while negative energy is captured. Our extensible platform not only provides a route to access quantum effects related with general relativity, but also has the potentiality to investigate quantum gravity in future.     

力学系统运动的类属性质研究

动力系统类属性质研究着眼于对某一类系统的运动概括出来的共性.已知经典可积系统的运动是规则的,可用解析函数来描述,而不可积系统则相反.从简谐振子入手,指出动力对称性群的存在是能有规则运动的前提,还把这一概括出来的抽象陈述推广到了更一般的经典情形.量子力学是在哈密顿力学基础上,注入微观系统的特殊要求而建立起来的,所以这一关于经典规则运动的陈述可以推广到相应的量子情形,从而更好地阐明了量子经典对应的涵义     

量子计算的语形表征及其意义

量子计算研究是近年来量子力学最具潜力的发展方向之一。文章从探讨量子计算概念的提出入手,讨论了经典可逆计算的量子表征模式,接着分析了量子计算语形结构的特点,对比了量子计算与经典计算并行性的异同,考虑了测量中的塌缩对量子算法设计的影响,最后以前述的研究为基础讨论了量子计算的哲学意义。     

An organization of classical particle mechanics

Certain techniques, concepts and methods used to model and analyze the motion of massive bodies under forces are not admissible under the Newtonian axioms. Among them are: forces acting on massles components rather than on particles, using the so-called free-body diagram technique, and the existence of infinite forces of bounded impulse. Moreover, modeling physical space by Euclidean 3-space introduces some basic difficulties which are usually silently ignored. We propose here an organization of classical particle mechanics which provides the additional axioms and defined terms needed to legitimize the mathematical models and methods presently used in the analysis of Newtonian systems.     

Quantum coding demonstrated feasible to overcome qubit loss error

Inspired by quantum mechanics, people have been dreaming of a new type of computers to revolutionize computing technique - quantum computers. Such dream machines take advantage of the fact that the quantum bit （qubit）, the fundamental unit of quantum information, can be in a superposition state and thus is able to store massive data and solve complicated problems at an incredible speed beyond the capacity of classical computers.     

Microfluidics as a functional tool for cell mechanics

Living cells are a fascinating demonstration of nature’s most intricate and well-coordinated micromechanical objects. They crawl, spread, contract, and relax—thus performing a multitude of complex mechanical functions. Alternatively, they also respond to physical and chemical cues that lead to remodeling of the cytoskeleton. To understand this intricate coupling between mechanical properties, mechanical function and force-induced biochemical signaling requires tools that are capable of both controlling and manipulating the cell microenvironment and measuring the resulting mechanical response. In this review, the power of microfluidics as a functional tool for research in cell mechanics is highlighted. In particular, current literature is discussed to show that microfluidics powered by soft lithographic techniques offers the following capabilities that are of significance for understanding the mechanical behavior of cells: (i) Microfluidics enables the creation of in vitro models of physiological environments in which cell mechanics can be probed. (ii) Microfluidics is an excellent means to deliver physical cues that affect cell mechanics, such as cell shape, fluid flow, substrate topography, and stiffness. (iii) Microfluidics can also expose cells to chemical cues, such as growth factors and drugs, which alter their mechanical behavior. Moreover, these chemical cues can be delivered either at the whole cell or subcellular level. (iv) Microfluidic devices offer the possibility of measuring the intrinsic mechanical properties of cells in a high throughput fashion. (v) Finally, microfluidic methods provide exquisite control over drop size, generation, and manipulation. As a result, droplets are being increasingly used to control the physicochemical environment of cells and as biomimetic analogs of living cells. These powerful attributes of microfluidics should further stimulate novel means of investigating the link between physicochemical cues and the biomechanical response of cells. Insights from such studies will have implications in areas such as drug delivery, medicine, tissue engineering, and biomedical diagnostics.     

A novel intelligent method for task scheduling in multiprocessor systems using genetic algorithm

In the multiprocessor systems, scheduling is a major issue in their operation, which is also an important problem in other area such as manufacturing, process control, economics, operation research and, etc.An efficient scheduling onto the processes that minimizes the entire run time and also average of response time is vital for achieving a high performance. Solving this problem is very hard and many attempts have been made to solve the problem, using classical algorithms and intelligent methods.In fact in all researches including intelligent methods, the classical algorithm is the basic part of the solution. Even in intelligent methods, which genetic algorithm has been used, when a final chromosome is produced after some generation, a classical algorithm is used to produce an optimal scheduling based on this chromosome. In this paper a novel intelligent solution has been proposed based on genetic algorithm and chromosome background tree without using any classical algorithm. In this method the genetic algorithm presents the optimal scheduling, directly from the produced chromosome in final generation. The time of transferring data between processes is considered, and also the method not only minimizes the entire run time, but also minimizes the average of the response time of all processes.     

半导体物理中电子的运动与有效质量的关系

当研究半导体中的电子在外力作用下的运动时,引入了有效质量这个概念,其概括了半导体内部势场的作用,使得在研究半导体中电子在外力作用下的运动规律时,可以不涉及到半导体内部势场的作用,有效质量将量子力学结果与经典力学牛顿第二定律联系起来了,本文主要研究半导体中电子在外力作用下的运动状态,并讨论有效质量与E-k图、平均速度和加速度的关系。     

Shape controllable microgel particles prepared by microfluidic combining external ionic crosslinking

Alginate microgels with varied shapes, such as mushroom-like, hemi-spherical, red blood cell-like, and others, were generated by combining microfluidic and external ionic crosslinking methods. This novel method allows a continuous fine tuning of the microgel particles shape by simply varying the gelation conditions, e.g., viscosity of the gelation bath, collecting height, interfacial tension. The release behavior of iopamidol-loaded alginate microgel particles with varied morphologies shows significant differences. Our technique can also be extended to microgels formation from different anionic biopolymers, providing new opportunities to produce microgels with various anisotropic dimensions for the applications in drug delivery, optical devices, and in advanced materials formation.     

Variational analysis of electrical networks

A unified variational approach to network analysis is presented. From an initial classification of variables, expressed in topological terms, Lagrangian energy functions are generated which may be used in Hamilton's principles. This topological formalism allows extension into nonconservative networks and enables the complete retention of classical formalism in all networks.By using a topological version of the Brayton-Moser mixed potential function, several power variational principles are developed. These principles lead to comparison of the roles played by classical energy and power state functions in analytical mechanics.     

风沙运动中的若干力学问题研究

风沙运动机理研究是认识风沙灾害本质进而实现有效防治的基础，所涉及的诸如多尺度、多场耦合、随机性、非线性、尺度效应和复杂系统等科学问题也是科学前沿所关注的共性和热点课题。近年来兰州大学风沙环境力学研究组从力学和地学的学科交叉角度，通过风洞实验、理论建模和计算机模拟研究，揭示了风沙流中沙粒带电量和风沙电场的基本规律及其对风沙流和无线电通讯的影响，实现了对考虑多物理场耦合作用的风沙流发展过程的理论预测以及对风成沙波纹主要特征的计算机模拟，取得一些具有原创性的实质进展。     

Nanotechnology: A Revolution in Cancer Diagnosis

Nanotechnology has brought revolution in cancer detection and treatment. It has capability to detect even a single cancerous cell in vivo and deliver the highly toxic drugs to the cancerous cells. Nanoshells, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, supermagnetic nanoparticles, nano wires, nanodiamonds, dandrimers, and recently synthesized nanosponges are some of the materials used for cancer detection. Using specific cross linkers, such as specific antibodies against cancer cells individual cancer cells can be located. With the aid of a novel set of lipid-coated, targeted quantum dots a method for quantifying multiple specific biomarkers on the surfaces of individual cancer cells was also developed. This approach to quantitative biomarker detection stands to improve the histopathology methods used to diagnosis pancreatic and other cancers and enable the development of methods to spot cancer cells circulating in the blood stream. Certain nano materials can also deliver cancer drugs at the site so the drug toxicity can also be reduced.     

心理科学研究的发展趋势

在 2 0世纪 ,心理科学与其它学科之间相互借鉴、相互融合 ,从而不断分化或综合出一些新的研究领域和分支 ,既拓宽和深化了心理学的研究范围 ,也促进了相关学科的发展。由于现代科学的迅速发展 ,心理科学已经能够使用先进的技术手段 ,对诸如意识一类的重大科学问题进行研究。展望了 2 1世纪认知心理学、发展与教育心理学、生物心理学、工业与组织管理心理学、工程心理学等心理学重要领域的发展趋势和研究方向     

试析大一力学与中学力学的衔接

大一力学是中学力学的加深和延展。学生进入大学后,带着中学的物理认知结构不能适应大一力学的“新概念、新思想和新方法”。本文提出合理的“认知结构”以解决大一力学与中学力学的衔接问题。     

Identification of important authors in science: A comparison of two methods of identification

This study examines the problem of identification of important authors in science by examining authors in the area of quantum mechanics. An examination was conducted using two methods of identification. The first method was a bibliometric approach and the second a historical approach. A gamma test of association was employed resulting in a finding of significant association between the ranks of authors. The major conclusion was that, when restricted to the same authors, the two methods of identifying important authors produce a statistically significant number of equivalent names. Discussion of the results and areas for further investigation are included.     

玻恩与量子革命实践

作为20世纪量子革命的拓荒人和践行者,马克斯·玻恩不仅创建了孕育这场科学革命的哥廷根物理学派,而且以自己多项具体的卓越成就贡献于量子力学的创立和发展。然而,他诸多重要科学贡献却被同行们忽视了几近30年。本文在量子力学当代发展的角度,基于科学进步的内在逻辑,重新考察玻恩在量子力学创建和发展中的历史作用,探讨其科学贡献被忽视的科学社会学问题。这里,我们通过逻辑重构历史的方式探究科学发展历史的真实,以剖析典型个案的方式,有助于我们理解学术领袖及其个人品格在学说发展、学派形成等方面的作用。     

初中生古典文学学习投入度调查与分析--以无锡市为例

从远古的口传文学开始,中国古典文学历经千年的发展变化流传至今,成为现代文学发展的深厚根基,内涵着民族的历史记忆与精神气骨,是中华民族宝贵的精神财富、教育的丰富资源。初级中学是正式接触古典文学教育的阶段,本调查采用问卷形式,对无锡市四所初中各年级637名学生进行了调查,并引入Fredricks学习投入度理论,从行为投入、情感投入以及认知投入等几方面,对初中学生古典文学学习现状进行分析,在探讨问题产生原因的基础上提出解决困境的对策与建议。     

Experimental measurement of the quantum geometric tensor using coupled qubits in diamond

Geometry and topology are fundamental concepts, which underlie a wide range of fascinating physical phenomena such as topological states of matter and topological defects. In quantum mechanics, the geometry of quantum states is fully captured by the quantum geometric tensor. Using a qubit formed by an NV center in diamond, we perform the first experimental measurement of the complete quantum geometric tensor. Our approach builds on a strong connection between coherent Rabi oscillations upon parametric modulations and the quantum geometry of the underlying states. We then apply our method to a system of two interacting qubits, by exploiting the coupling between the NV center spin and a neighboring ¹³C nuclear spin. Our results establish coherent dynamical responses as a versatile probe for quantum geometry, and they pave the way for the detection of novel topological phenomena in solid state.