From a single network to a network of networks

Network science has atracted much atention in recent years due to its interdisciplinary applications. We witnessed the revolution of network science in 1998 and 1999 started with small-world and scale-free networks having now thousands of high-proile publications, and it seems that since 2010 studies of‘network of networks'(NON), sometimes called multilayer networks or multiplex, have atracted more and more atention. he analytic framework for NON yields a novel percolation law for n interdependent networks that shows that percolation theory of single networks studied extensively in physics and mathematics in the last 50 years is a speciic limit of the rich and very diferent general case of n coupled networks. Since then, properties and dynamics of interdependent and interconnected networks have been studied extensively, and scientists are inding many interesting results and discovering many surprising phenomena. Because most natural and engineered systems are composed of multiple subsystems and layers of connectivity, it is important to consider these features in order to improve our understanding of such complex systems. Now the study of NON has become one of the important directions in network science.In this paper, we review recent studies on the new emerging area—NON. Due to the fast growth of this ield, there are many deinitions of diferent types of NON, such as interdependent networks,interconnected networks, multilayered networks, multiplex networks and many others. here exist many datasets that can be represented as NON, such as network of diferent transportation networks including light networks, railway networks and road networks, network of ecological networks including species interacting networks and food webs, network of biological networks including gene regulation network,metabolic network and protein–protein interacting network, network of social networks and so on. Among them, many interdependent networks including critical infrastructures are embedded in space, introducing spatial constraints. hus, we also review the progress on study of spatially embedded networks. As a result of spatial constraints, such interdependent networks exhibit extreme vulnerabilities compared with their non-embedded counterparts. Such studies help us to understand, realize and hopefully mitigate the increasing risk in NON.     

我国科研人员的科研合作网络分析——基于个体中心网视角的研究

 利用一项对我国科研人员的大规模社会调查所得数据,运用个体中心网分析方法来研究科研人员的合作网络。研究从网络规模、网络密度、网络趋同性和网络异质性等网络指标出发,对科研人员的合作网络进行了全面的描述和分析,并进一步分析了不同类型的科研人员在合作网络结构上存在的差异情况。最后还就分析的理论意义和政策含义展开了讨论。     

Sierpinski电阻网络的等效电阻

求出了多节点的星形-网形变换公式,用其计算了Sierpinski电阻网络的等效电阻。与文献[1,2]相比,思路更为直观简洁。     

Disparate delays-induced bifurcations in a fractional-order neural network

The problem of bifurcation for delayed fractional neural networks(FNNs) with single delay has been considerably researched. It is more realistic to portray the dynamical properties of FNNs with multiple delays, but this has been not investigated before. This paper attempts to conduct a research on the stability and bifurcation for a FNN with double delays. The criteria of heterogeneous delays-induced bifurcations are decidedly procured. Then, the influence of solitary delay on the bifurcation point is ulteriorly displayed by delicate computation. It is demonstrated that the stability performance of the proposed FNN can be undermined or enhanced by varying properly time delay. Finally, illustrative examples are addressed to validate the availability of the proposed results.     

A fault diagnosis in a nonlinear location network

In location problems, the out-transmission and in-transmission numbers are important indices to evaluate a directed network in which each edge is associated with a positive real number called the length of the edge and each vertex is associated with a positive real number call the weight of the vertex. The generalized indices of the out-transmission and in-transmission numbers are used in this paper. The indices are nonlinear functions of the distances between the vertices which represent the total cost or loss of service among the vertices. By a fault, we mean a change in the length of an edge. A fault diagnosis problem is discussed in a directed network in which the above indices are measurable at all times.     

Urban transportation network analysis from a thermodynamic perspective

The paper explores the application of thermodynamic formalism to model and control transportation networks. Specifically, by considering the vehicles as the abstract energy supplied to the system, we show in certain circumstances that certain thermodynamic concepts such as temperature, thermal capacity and thermal equilibrium can have the corresponding notions in transportation context. In addition, despite the lack of a natural principle in transportation context that corresponds to the second law of thermodynamic as we will show, the most important thermodynamic notion, which is the entropy, can be also defined in order to measure the disorder of transportation systems. It is then shown that the state when all lanes have the same occupancy corresponds to the thermal equilibrium arising in isolated thermodynamic system. This equilibrium occupancy leads to a minimum entropy corresponding to a minimal disorder. Besides, by taking the transportation entropy as the storage function, a robust dissipativity based control strategy is presented to reduce the disorder and render the system better organized. Finally, an example is worked out to illustrate the results.     

Developing a road performance index using a Bayesian belief network model

There is a high demand to develop and incorporate decision support tools, by the transportation sectors and other concerned agencies, to improve their infrastructure assets management under shrinking budgets and increasing demands. This paper develops a proof-of-concept Bayesian belief network (BBN) model to rank roads in a network system based on several key performance indicators (KPI) using a probabilistic framework. For a given road network, the proposed tool is capable of ranking or prioritizing the segment of roads for high level management objectives. To demonstrate the application of the proposed model, various scenarios are elaborated and discussed in detail. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the effects of different KPIs.     

高校网络的维护与网络技术的应用

网络基本已经覆盖大部分高校,不同的高校里都有自己的校园网络文化,未来发展的趋势要求对高校校园网络要加强研究的步伐,文章从高校校园网络的现状入手分析了高校校园网的特征、高校网络文化的建设以及如何去管理维护校园网,介绍了与校园网相关的VLAY技术。     

技术创新网络位置对网络惯例的影响研究—以组织间信任为中介变量

学者们指出网络惯例是维持并协调技术创新网络运行的关键因素,但是网络惯例形成方面的研究相对缺乏。本文主要研究技术创新网络中不同类型的网络位置和组织间信任对网络惯例产生的差异性影响,在相关文献梳理的基础上,提出理论假设,以西安高新区高技术企业网络等为对象进行问卷调查,运用层级回归方法进行实证检验。结果表明,网络位置和组织间信任与网络惯例之间都存在着显著的正向相关关系;同时,基于认知的信任还在网络位置影响网络惯例形成的过程中充当部分中介作用,但是结构洞与基于情感的信任相关关系不显著,在结构洞与网络惯例之间,仅基于认知的信任存在部分中介效应。研究结论有助于揭示网络惯例的形成机理,增强对技术创新网络运行内在规律的理解,有助于指导企业从更深层次上把握网络合作创新行为具有非常重要的意义。     

The China power grid: a network science perspective

<正>Power grid is a very large scale and highly non-linear dynamical system,and its stable and reliable operation poses a great challenge to scientists and engineers.As a complex dynamic network has a tendency of catastrophic failure,sophisticated analysis and control are required.In an interview with NSR,Professor Yusheng Xue,member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,Honorary President of China’s State Grid Electric Power Research Institute,talked about the economic impact,technical challenges,and future development of power grid in China.     

Application of a transversal laguerre network in adaptive equalization

Synchronous data transmission systems that transmit information over dispersive channels often employ adaptive equalization techniques in the processing of the received signals. Most equalizers presently used in communication systems are of the tapped delay line (TDL) type. In this paper, we propose a class of adaptive equalizers of which the TDL equalizer is a member. Another interesting member of this class is the Laguerre adaptive equalizer which is to be introduced in this paper. The configuration of the Laguerre equalizer is developed. It is found, as shown by the examples, that the Laguerre equalizer is more accurate, and is less sensitive to timing error than the conventional TDL equalizer.     

企业内部隐性知识流转网络探析

 隐性知识高效流转是企业获得持续竞争优势的关键,运用社会网络理论和方法研究企业内隐性知识流转是一个崭新的视角。本研究从社会网络理论和方法出发,将企业内部成员之间隐性知识流转关系作为社会网络进行定性和定量综合分析,以HRB部门隐性知识流转网络为例,对该网络的结构及特征进行测度和分析,揭示了网络结构及特征对企业内部隐性知识流转的影响作用。     

A stochastic process generated by a network with a randomly alternating switch

We consider in this paper a stochastic process which is generated in a network which is composed of a source, two loads and a switch which alternates randomly between the two loads. We compute the probability density, the joint probability density, the average and autocorrelation of the generated process. The results of this paper may have applications to electric power systems.     

基于园区网的大学校园网设计

使用园区网技术为某一典型大学设计校园网,包括需求分析,网络拓扑结构设计,网络设备选型,综合布线,设备参数设置,并使用GNS模拟器验证设计的效果。校园网实现了双出口流量的分流,网关冗余,设计方案具有良好的可操作性。     

组织知识共享网络模型研究——基于知识网络和社会网络

 以组织中同时作为社会活动和知识活动载体的“人”为研究对象,以构建一个客观高效的组织知识共享网络模型为研究目的,提出基于知识网络和社会网络的组织知识共享网络模型及构建方法,并探讨该网络模型如何影响组织中主体间知识共享的过程和方式。从应用实例来看,该方法具有客观、可视化、定量等特点,因而可以较好地应用到组织知识的分布、查找、推送等知识共享实际应用中去,为组织知识共享的定量分析提供了一种新的工具和思路。     

Behavior of a train of droplets in a fluidic network with hydrodynamic traps

The behavior of a droplet train in a microfluidic network with hydrodynamic traps in which the hydrodynamic resistive properties of the network are varied is investigated. The flow resistance of the network and the individual droplets guide the movement of droplets in the network. In general, the flow behavior transitions from the droplets being immobilized in the hydrodynamic traps at low flow rates to breaking up and squeezing of the droplets at higher flow rates. A state diagram characterizing these dynamics is presented. A simple hydrodynamic circuit model that treats droplets as fluidic resistors is discussed, which predicts the experimentally observed flow rates for droplet trapping in the network. This study should enable the rational design of microfuidic devices for passive storage of nanoliter-scale drops.     

Innovation and network structural dynamics: Study of the alliance network of a major sector of the biotechnology industry

We study the large-scale topology and dynamics of maps of alliances in a major segment of the biotechnology industry. The results point to the joint dynamics of network and innovation. The study demonstrates that the network is scale-free. Competition for links translates into a dynamic exponent that seems to follow the fitter-get-richer model of network growth, with preferential attachment to firms holding key technologies. This network also shows a small-world effect. This work highlights the strategic importance of understanding the growth dynamics and structure of collaboration networks for the building of leading positions in industries led by sustained radical change.     

知识网络与合作网络嵌入式的企业技术创新网络解耦研究

以社会网络和知识创新理论为基础,对企业技术创新网络进行解耦研究,构建知识网络与合作网络互相嵌入的创新网络模型,并以我国高科技公司 HW 为实证对象,将网络特性（结构洞和中心集中度）分析和负二项回归相结合,分析合作网络与知识网络特征及创新绩效的关系。研究表明：知识网络的结构洞越多,越不利于研发人员从外部获得新知识;同时,合作网络的结构洞越多,越有利于组织进行探索性创新。知识网络的中心集中度与组织的探索性创新之间呈倒 U 字关系;此外,合作网络的中心集中度与组织的探索性创新呈负相关关系。创新网络的解耦研究为创新研究打开一个新的视角,有助于揭示创新的本质所在。     

企业网络权力与网络能力关联性研究——基于技术创新网络的分析

 技术创新网络中企业网络权力根据不同配置依据可分为知识权力与结构权力;企业网络能力可借鉴国内外相关研究,将其构成分为网络愿景能力、网络管理能力、组合管理能力和关系管理能力。通过对西安高新技术开发区的39家企业的调研结果,采用典型相关分析的方法,深入探讨不同权力配置依据下的企业网络权力与企业网络能力之间的相关关系,结果发现：技术创新网络中企业网络权力与企业网络能力之间存在显著的正相关关系。进一步分析发现,技术创新网络中企业的知识权力相较于结构权力,对企业网络权力的影响更大;企业的组合管理能力和关系管理能力对企业网络能力的影响也比网络愿景能力和网络管理能力大。