A CRITIQUE OF RESEARCH ON WOMEN PUBLISHED IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: 1990-2000

An examination of titles and abstracts of the 491 articles published in the Community College Journal of Research and Practice (CCJRP) between 1990 to 2000 resulted in a collection of 26 articles to base a systematic review of the literature regarding women in two-year colleges. Several themes emerged concerning women's participation and uniqueness in the community college, services designed to meet the needs of women, and ways in which the community college can grow to more fully represent and support women. Basic suggestions for improving research designs, methodologies, and reporting of studies on women are included.     

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH REPORTED IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE : 1990-2000

This article reports the results of a review of research published in the Community College Journal of Research and Practice from 1990-2000 regarding the African-American experience in community colleges. The authors found three major themes related to articles published over the 10-year period: (a) environmental factors related to student success, (b) the need for faculty diversity, and (c) race and community college administration. The authors found that more research needs to be done to understand and improve the African-American experience in community colleges.     

WOMEN FACULTY: SATISFACTION WITH EMPLOYMENT IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

To ascertain the satisfaction of women full‐time community college faculty with their employment in the community college, an open‐ended questionnaire was sent to over 100 women faculty in the Chicago City Colleges. Although the low response rate precludes much generalizability, the responses indicate that most women in the study found employment in the community college to be ideal for them. The employment enabled them to find professional fulfillment without the pressure to publish and with sufficient time for family responsibilities. Reservations about how “ideal” employment in the community college is for women stemmed from concerns about the institution's negative image. University researchers who decry teaching in the community college as marginalization of women as faculty are diminishing the achievements of the many women who find teaching in the community college to be ideal employment.     

高师地理专业教育实习探索与实践

本文是作者通过近十年的探索和实践．总结出搞好高师地理专业教育实习的重要途径，对今后的教育实习有一定的指导意义。     

A STUDY OF JUNIOR AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE HISTORY INSTRUCTORS IN THE SOUTH

Instructors in community and junior colleges within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools’ accrediting region were the focus of this study to determine characteristics and activities of those teaching history. A questionnaire was mailed to each history instructor in 88 of the 285 institutions in the region. A total of 230 instructors responded. After data were compiled and analyzed, it was determined that the typical history instructor in the region is a married, middle‐aged male who is Southern born and bred, and holds at least a master's degree in history. He has been in his present position for at least 10 years, coming to the present position from the high school ranks. The lecture method is used in teaching the 13‐to 15‐credit‐hour average load. Teaching is the primary activity of history instructors, with research and service not a part of usual expectations.     

COMMUNITY COLLEGES IN JAPAN AND THE SOCIAL STATUS OF JAPANESE WOMEN

Historically, Japanese junior colleges have served as preparatory institutions for young Japanese women pursuing marriage. Under influences of American higher education systems during the post-World War II era, Japanese junior colleges have successfully attracted eighteen-year-old females and provided them with a terminal liberal arts education. This article investigates briefly the history of Japanese postsecondary education systems prior to the educational reforms of 1945 and the post-war development of junior colleges. Based on the historical development of Japanese junior colleges, implications for women's social status are examined. Recommendations are made for the future development of Japanese junior colleges and the academic and career advancement of Japanese women.     

EUROPEAN COMMUNITY SOURCES OF SUPPORT FOR HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN 1990: A POLICY PAPER

The following is an overview of European Community activities in the domains of higher education, research and development, and the furthering of co‐operation between higher education and Industry. A fourth domain presented, the so‐called Jean Monnet Action, Is a Community effort aimed at introducing the European Communities concept into the courses offered in universities throughout the Community. Examples of specific activities are described under each of the four principal rubrics.

     

内蒙古城市社区体育组织研究

笔者通过对内蒙古城市社区体育组织管理者、街道主管体育负责人,参加成员调查发现：晨晚练点、体育俱乐部扣基层体育社团的管理体制较健全,管理水平较低,自主性、独立性较强,联系不紧密,对社区居民体育活动带动效果不明显。晨晚练点小型化特征显著。城市社区体育组织发展中存在的经费少,组织内部凝聚力不强,组织内部的法规制度不健全,管理活动无计划等问题。     

90后大学生思想意识现状调查与分析

为了更好地掌握90后大学生思想意识教育的现状,有针对性地对其进行教育,近期笔者以安徽巢湖学院为代表进行了一次关于90后大学生思想意识教育的调查,调查显示,90后大学生的思想意识状况总体上是良好的,但还是存在不少问题,需要更进一步地改进。     

TEACHING IN CONTEXT: ENHANCING THE PROCESSES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING IN COMMUNITY COLLEGE MATHEMATICS

Teaching in context can be defined as teaching a mathematical idea or process by using a problem, situation, or data to enhance the teaching and learning process. The same problem or situation may be used many times, at different mathematical levels to teach different objectives. A common misconception exists that assigning/teaching applications is teaching in context. While both use problems, the difference is in timing, in purpose, and in student outcome. In this article, one problem situation is explored thoroughly at different levels of understanding and other ideas are suggested for classroom explorations.     

COMMUNITY COLLEGE TELEPHONE SURVEY RESEARCH: AN OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY AND UTILITY

The rise to prominence of surveys by telephone has been attributed to advances in telephone technology, improvement of telephone research procedures, near complete accessibility of any population via the telephone, expansion of a survey industry that requires quality data generated in an efficient and timely manner for eager clients, and availability of considerable information, based on experiment and experience, on what techniques work or do not work when doing telephone surveys. This article details 10 years of experience with telephone survey methodology utilized at Johnson County Community College (JCCC) to collect data from business and industry, former students, and individuals residing in JCCC's service area. Of particular interest to community college researchers are the results of comparisons between mail survey respondents and nonrespondents who were later telephoned for an interview. These comparisons were conducted on results of annual studies of JCCC's career program completers. Although nonrespondents tended to be younger and more often male than female, there were no notable differences in the level of success and satisfaction reported.     

USE OF THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE IN BACCALAUREATE ATTAINMENT AT A PRIVATE LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE

A number of studies have shown that the associate degree track no longer reflects the path of community college students pursuing bachelor's degrees. Rather, students use the community college to fulfill specific degree requirements. This study investigated whether community college credits were used to fulfill core or major requirements among baccalaureate graduates of a private liberal arts college over a five-year period. Results indicate that more than one-third of graduates used the community college to fulfill requirements for the bachelor's degree. Overall, the primary use of the community college was to fulfill requirements for the core curriculum. Use of the community college was greatest among humanities majors, with business majors completing the most community college hours.     

THE LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE FOR A NEW CENTURY: LINCING WOMEN AND MINORITIES INTO TOMORROW'S COMMUNITY COLLEGE LEADERSHIP ROLES

The Iowa Association of Community College Trustees, the Iowa Association of Community College Presidents, and Iowa State University Higher Education Program created a partnership to develop women and minorities for leadership roles in community colleges. The Leadership Institute for a New Century (LINC) program, which is in its eleventh year, uses a combination of national and state community college leaders, community leaders, trustees, and university faculty members to offer personal and professional development activities for participants. University credit that may be used as part of an academic degree program and for state licensure purposes is granted. Participants are nominated by their college; participate in monthly seminars; and complete projects related to local, state, and national issues. Nearly 70% of participants reported receiving a leadership promotion or advancement during or since their acceptance into the LINC program. The majority indicated that the program was very influential in their advancement. With the predicted impending administrator shortage, more cooperative leadership development programs need to be developed. The future of our community college system depends on the development of leadership opportunities and an infusion of leadership.     

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE: A NEW MODEL

In this article, I examine the present state of community college‐based technology transfer, beginning with a brief historical survey of corporate‐university relationships and an analysis of the most common form of community college‐based technology transfer (worker training). I then focus on a state‐of‐the‐art development in technology transfer at the community college: the Pennsylvania College of Technology (PCT). Finally, I offer a general paradigm of technology transfer for community colleges based on the PCT model.     

COMMUNITY COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTOR CONSISTENCY IN THE EVALUATION OF FRESHMAN ENGLISH THEMES

Several researchers have noted the variability among teachers in the grading of essays. Previous research has not attempted, however, to compare separate institutional settings. Because the regular English composition course at public two‐year colleges is transferable to four‐year public colleges, a comparison of the grading predilections of English faculty from both settings was undertaken. Each instructor was asked to mark and grade a set of five themes (the instrument). Means and standard deviations were determined, and ANOVA indicated the grading differences between the two settings were significant at the .05 level on all five themes and the grand total means. Though relatively consistent among themselves, community college instructors (N=19) were more than a letter grade more lenient than university instructors (N = 17) when all grades from each setting, referred to as the grand total mean, were averaged. University graders were most consistent on what they considered the two worst themes, whereas community college graders were most consistent on what they considered the two best themes. An expanded dialogue on grading criteria is recommended.     

PSYCHOLOGY: ITS PRACTICE AND TEACHING IN A JEWISH COLLEGE

Abstract

Back to the Sources: Reading the Classic Jewish Texts. Edited by Barry W. Holtz. Summit Books, New York, 1984. pp. 448. $19.95.

The Chronicle of the Lodz Ghetto 1941-1944. Edited by Lucjan Dobroszycki. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1984. pp. 551. $35.00.

From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Over Palestine by Joan Peters. Harper &; Row, New York 1984. pp. 601. $24.95.

The World Guide for the Jewish Traveler by Warren Freedman. E. P. Dutton, New York, 1984. pp. 360. $8.95 (paper).

Jews, Turks and Infidels by Morton Borden. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1984. pp. 163. $17.95.

The Land Question in Palestine, 1917-1939 by Kenneth W. Stein. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1984. pp. 314. $29.00.

The Jewish Family: Authority and Tradition in Modern Perspective by Norman Linzer. Human Sciences Press, New York, 1984. pp. 217. $I6.95 (paper).

Diaspora: Exile and the Jewish Condition Editied by Etan Levin. Jason Aronson, New York, 1983. pp. 337.

The Jerusalem Cathedra, Volume III Edited by Lee I. Levine. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984. pp. 361. $25.00.

The Roots of Anti-Semitism by Heiko A. Oberman. Translated by James I. Porter, Fortress Press, Philadelphia, 1984. pp. 163.

Jewish Ethics and Halakhah for our Time: Sources and Commentary by Basil F. Herring. Ktav, Yeshiva Univesity Press, New York, 1984. pp. 243. $I5.00 cloth, $9.95 paper.

Jewish Life Under Islam: Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century by Amnon Cohen. Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1984. pp. 267. $30.00.

Israel in the Mind of America by Peter Grose. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1984. pp. 361. $17.95.

Hitler, Germans and the “Jewish Question” by Sarah Gordon. Princeton Univerity Press, 1984, pp. 412. $40.00 cloth, $14.50 paper.

A Mediterranean Society, Volume IV: Daily Life by S. D. Goitein. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1984. pp. 492. $38.50.     

EDUCATION FOR OLDER ADULTS: OUT OF THE COLLEGE AND INTO THE COMMUNITY

On investigation of Union College, a two‐year college in New Jersey, it was discovered that senior citizens failed to take advantage of free college classes, for deep‐seated psychological as well as logistical reasons. In 1979, the college launched a program of bringing classes to older Americans in their own settings (Y's, churches, senior housing complexes, etc.) in subjects and at times of their own choosing. Clearly meeting a great need, the program expanded until it reached nearly 600 students in 25 classes. Success is in large part due to the work of skilled, compassionate teachers. An ongoing teacher‐training regime with emphasis on gerontology keeps them abreast of new techniques and ensures a continuing exchange of ideas. In the course of this training, it has become evident that much remains to be learned about education and the older adult. As a consequence, a joint research project of Union College and the Rutgers University Institute of Aging has been planned, with the Union College classes serving as a field test of the program and more generally of the impact of education on older Americans.     

PROFESSORS OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE EDUCATION: CHANGES IN THEORETICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATIONS

More than 80% of professors associated with the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges responded to a survey by the authors in 1980. The questionnaire was based on and the findings were compared with a 1972 study by Campbell and Newell. Trends in demographic data, career patterns, and professional orientations are documented and analyzed. University professors of community college education were 7.7 years older as a group in 1980 than they were in 1972; many other changes appear related to this trend. Fewer than 3% of faculty in this field remain at the level of assistant professor, while 61% have already achieved the rank of professor. As a whole, the group is more productive and somewhat more conservative. Some gains have been made in the representation of women (from 0 to 14%) and minorities (from 3 to 6%). With the maturing of this professional group has come related developments in professional orientations. Time invested in research and writing nearly doubled, and professors would like to do still more. Although they still wish to be remembered for having trained outstanding administrators, their desire to be remembered for writing a significant book has increased significantly. As the academic field of community education matures, its professorial members have turned increasingly to scholarly values.