大学生孤独对抑郁和睡眠质量的影响:沉思的中介

本文探讨大学生沉思在孤独与抑郁情绪和睡眠质量之间的中介作用。采用UCLA孤独量表、沉思反应量表(RRS)、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对700名大学生进行施测。根据测量结果,认为沉思在孤独与抑郁情绪和睡眠质量之间起到部分中介作用,沉思是孤独与消极健康状况的重要影响机制。     

The reverse transfer student: A growing factor in higher education

Study purposes were (a) to identify factors associated with academic performance of students enrolled at a four-year university and a two-year community college; and (b) to determine if students who (1) dropped out of a four-year university, (2) entered a two-year community college, and then (3) returned to the same four-year institution improved in academic performance. The 195 undergraduate subjects began their college careers at a large university and subsequently transferred to a community college, a type of student mobility referred to as reverse transfer student. Following a poor academic performance at the university, the students achieved satisfactorily at the two-year college. Students who later returned to the university improved their grades with each quarter's course work. Factors associated with academic performance at the two institutions were identified.     

云南民族高校大学生睡眠质量现状调查

采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表对云南民族高校大学生进行随机调查,了解其睡眠质量现状,结果显示：大学生PSQI总分为5.69±2.90,其中汉族大学生PSQI总分为5.42±2.676,少数民族大学生为6.05±3.149;睡眠质量问题发生率为24.5%,其中汉族大学生为18.9%,少数民族大学生为31.8%;男女生PSQI总分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;不同专业大学生PSQI总分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,理工类大学生睡眠质量较差,体育类大学生睡眠质量较好.说明云南民族高校大学生总体睡眠质量一般,亟待提高,睡眠质量问题发生率较高,少数民族大学生尤为突出,为此,提出的对策措施是：增强民族大学生的睡眠卫生意识,多参与体育锻炼,优化宿舍环境.     

高中生睡眠质量和生存质量的相关研究

目的探讨高中生睡眠质量与生存质量的关系,以关注睡眠质量,提高高中生的生存质量。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和高中生生存质量量表对1227名高中生进行问卷调查。结果 27.2%的高中生睡眠质量差,主要表现为白天功能紊乱、睡眠持续性、主观睡眠质量和睡眠潜伏期四个方面。高中生的生存质量得分较低,主要是心理维度和学校子量表。高中生的睡眠质量和生存质量呈显著负相关,主观睡眠质量、白天功能紊乱、睡眠紊乱、睡眠潜伏期和睡眠质量指数对高中生的生存质量具有显著的负向预测作用。结论:改善高中生的睡眠质量,关注睡眠健康,提高生存质量。     

Why study time does not predict grade point average across college students: Implications of deliberate practice for academic performance

The current work draws upon the theoretical framework of deliberate practice in order to clarify why the amount of study by college students is a poor predictor of academic performance. A model was proposed where performance in college, both cumulatively and for a current semester, was jointly determined by previous knowledge and skills as well as factors indicating quality (e.g., study environment) and quantity of study. The findings support the proposed model and indicate that the amount of study only emerged as a significant predictor of cumulative GPA when the quality of study and previously attained performance were taken into consideration. The findings are discussed in terms of the insights provided by applying the framework of deliberate practice to academic performance in a university setting.     

贫困大学生就业实力提升研究--以素质拓展为依托

当前,贫困大学生在整个大学生就业群体中存在的问题越来越突出,其中一个重要的原因是贫困大学生综合素质发展不均衡。所以分析影响贫困大学生就业实力的自身原因,并提出合理解决的方法就成为当务之急。素质拓展作为一种提升个体的综合素质的训练方式,它能有效提升贫困大学生的就业实力。     

Fully integrating upper-secondary vocational and academic courses: A flexible new way?

The tracking of students in upper-secondary school is often criticised for narrowing the post-secondary pathways of student in the vocational education and training (VET) track, which can stigmatise VET. To tackle this problem, countries have introduced courses that integrate aspects of VET and academic study, which provide the dual purpose of preparing students for work and vocational study and providing university pathways for more academic students in the VET track. In this study we assess the latter purpose by examining the outcomes of university aspirants who take these courses in their final year of school. Using rich survey and administrative data from Australia and propensity score matching we find that these courses are associated with lower academic performance and a lower chance of attaining a university offer. Decomposition results show that poor performance in integrated courses is the main driver, which points to potential tension between the two purposes.     

WILL THIS COMMUNITY COLLEGE TRANSFER STUDENT SUCCEED? FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSFER STUDENT PERFORMANCE

This study focuses on the academic performance of students who transferred from a suburban community college to a private, moderately selective urban university. The purpose was to determine if certain easily ascertainable student characteristics and academic behaviors at the community college would be associated with degree persistence and completion at the university. Results indicated that the best predictor of academic success at the university was community college grade point average (GPA): As a group transfer students who entered with a GPA of 2.5 or more were able to maintain a 2.3 at the university, whereas those who entered with less than a 2.5 had an average university GPA of 1.9.     

考研压力对大学生睡眠质量的影响

睡眠是个体正常生活的重要组成部分,其质量的好坏将直接影响到人们的健康水平、生活质量以及工作、学习效率等诸多方面。本研究采用睡眠质量自评量表（SRSS）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）,对考研期间的40名四年级在校大学生进行调查。结果表明：（1）考研压力下的大学生在考研前、考研中、考研后的睡眠质量都较差;（2）在考研前、中、后3个阶段,考研学生与不考研学生睡眠质量的差异极其显著（p〈0．001）;（3）考研大学生的睡眠质量与EPQ各维度的相关均不显著。结论：考研大学生的睡眠质量受考研压力这一因素的影响极其显著,而受人格因素的影响不显著。     

Big Five personality traits as predictors of the academic success of university and college students in early childhood education

Academic success in early childhood teacher education is important because it provides a foundation for occupational development in terms of professional competence, the quality of educational practices, as well as career success. Consequently, identifying factors that can explain differences in academic success is an important research task. Previous research has indicated that the Big Five personality traits can predict academic success in tertiary education even when other predictors have been accounted for. However, there is a lack of research regarding students in early childhood education. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the Big Five on the academic success of college and university students in Germany who were studying early childhood education. Data from 567 college students and 270 university students were used. Several socio-demographic variables and the school-leaving Grade Point Average (GPA) served as controls. As hypothesised, students with higher conscientiousness also had better college and university GPAs. Furthermore, higher conscientiousness was associated with higher study satisfaction but only for college students. Unexpectedly, neuroticism was not negatively related to study satisfaction. In addition, there were exploratory findings concerning the effects of agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness. The findings are discussed with respect to implications for research and practice. In particular, the consequences with regard to the preparation of students in early childhood education are discussed.     

Sleep Habits and Patterns of College Students: An Expanded Study

This study represents an expansion of previous research investigating the prevalence of sleep difficulties in college students. Sleep quality and sleep habits were assessed via self‐report questionnaires. Poor sleep quality was reported by 22.6% of participants, whereas 65.9% replied that they experienced occasional sleep problems. More than half of the respondents noted feeling tired in the morning. Implications for counselors and their institutions are discussed.     

School Characteristics,Child Work,and Other Daily Activities as Sleep Deficit Predictors in Adolescents from Households with Unsatisfied Basic Needs

Sleep in adolescents has been shown to be an important factor when looking at physical, mental, and social well‐being. Little evidence is found regarding sleep patterns in adolescents from households facing extreme poverty, where conditions such as crowding, poor housing, sanitation or education, and precarious employment set an adverse environment for sleep. In this study, we sought to assess in a nationwide sample comprised of 1,682 adolescents from Argentina, how the presence of extreme poverty—as defined by the presence of unsatisfied basic needs (UBN)—affects the relationship of sleep duration with school, work, and other daily activities. A global high prevalence of short sleeping time, a slight increase of sleep time in adolescents with UBN, and different patterns of wake activities that predict sleep deficit, depending on the presence of UBN, were found. The poor academic achievement, increased risk of accidents, and adverse health outcomes associated with sleep deprivation support the view that sleep is an additional unsatisfied basic need that worsens living conditions at this age. The results may help to design public health policies that contribute to ameliorate this adverse situation.     

Student-Faculty Interaction: A Key to Academic Integration and Success for Ethnic Minority Students at a Major University in Southwest China

This study examines the academic performance and “engagement” of ethnic minority students at a leading university in southwest China. Results indicate that ethnic minority students have significantly lower grades, lower class ranking, and have failed more courses than majority Han students. Results also show that the level of student-faculty interaction (SFI) for ethnic minority students is significantly lower than for Han students. Study results also indicate that average scores in coursework and student ranking among their cohorts are significantly, but weakly, correlated with SFI. The study concludes that SFI may have little influence on students’ academic achievement itself, but would help students integrate into the college community, enabling a sense of belonging, which is a major factor in supporting academic success among ethnic minority students.     

基于回归模型的大学生成绩影响因素分析

学习成绩是衡量学生能力的重要标准。正确认识和评价影响大学生学习成绩的因素并对此研究对策,有利于提升大学生的综合素质与能力。该文通过对西安文理学院学生信息的采集,分析学习成绩的影响因子并建立回归模型,从而预测出各因子和大学生学习成绩相关性,对高校提升教学质量提出了相关措施和建议。     

Do college admissions criteria matter? Evidence from discretionary vs. grade-based admission policies

This paper examines the implications of college admissions criteria on students’ academic and non-academic performance in university and their labor market outcomes. We exploit a unique feature of the admissions system at a large university in Singapore, the National University of Singapore, that has two admission tracks – a regular admission track where admission is based exclusively on academic performance and a discretionary admission (DA) track where applicants can instead gain admission on the basis of demonstrated non-academic qualities. Comparing students admitted through each track, we find that DA students fare similarly in terms of academic performance in university as marginal students admitted through the regular route. However, they are significantly more likely to be involved in optional academic and non-academic college activities and earn substantially higher labor market earnings up to three years after graduation. These results are not driven by the DA process differentially selecting students on the basis of family background or unobserved academic ability.     

Relative Spelling Ability as a Predictor of the Academic Performance of Superior Ability College Freshmen

Abstract

It was hypothesized and demonstrated that, for superior ability college freshmen, failure to develop spelling ability to the same level as general verbal ability is associated with poor academic performance. However, the same relationship did not hold for lower levels of academic ability.

Since the spelling score was not reflecting finer discriminations of academic aptitude within the superior group, it was suggested that it was indicative of the attitudes or motives that determine the performance of such high ability students.     

The influence of motivation and adaptation on students’ subjective well-being,meaning in life and academic performance

High rates of mental illness among students and discontinuation with university studies are regularly reported. The current study sought to explore relationships between motivation, university adaptation and indicators of mental health and well-being and academic performance of 184 first-year university students (73% female, mean age?=?19.3 years). As expected, intrinsic motivation was associated with greater subjective well-being, meaning in life and academic performance. Extrinsic motivations showed few relationships to outcome variables, while amotivation was consistently associated with poor outcomes. Hierarchical regression revealed that after accounting for adjustment, motivational orientations provided a small, though significant, contribution to the prediction of outcomes. These results are discussed in relation to Self-Determination Theory, the eudaimonic/hedonic dichotomy and implications for career counselling and teaching.     

大学批判精神对大学生厌学的影响

大学是从事社会批判的中心,批判精神是大学本性的一个集中体现。大学批判精神的失落造成大学教师人格魅力和学术威望下滑、导致教育内容陈旧和教学方法单一,而教育者、教学方法、教育内容的任何缺陷以及社会上毕业大学生不尽人意的表现都对正在接受大学教育的学生造成负面影响。     

“双一流”大学招生倾斜政策下弱势学生发展的追踪研究

倾斜性招生政策是近年来我国面向贫困地区弱势学生实施的重要举措。使用国内某“双一流”大学追踪调查数据,分析国家专项与高校专项两类学生的在学发展情况。研究发现,两类专项学生受惠于倾斜性招生政策得以被录取,尽管高考成绩显著更低,但在各类能力自评得分方面没有劣势。不过,进入大学后,国家专项学生在自我认知方面和高校专项学生在批判性思维发展方面的自评得分均存在显著劣势。此外,高校专项学生入学时的毅力优势也在大三消失。在学业成绩方面,受学业基础较差影响,两类专项学生大一课业成绩显著偏低,且均在人文学科方面表现不佳。国家专项学生所获得的高考降分越多,大一挂科率和挂科数均显著越高,平均成绩显著越低,且在人文学科中尤为明显。研究认为,“双一流”高校在制定和实施国家专项招生政策时,应根据各自往年生源情况科学分配各学科专项招生名额,给予专项生更多的志愿填报指导,尝试放宽专项生转专业限制,并为专项生提供富有针对性的发展支持,在保障弱势学生入学机会的同时,更好地促进其在大学期间的良性发展。     

Children's sleep and cognitive functioning: race and socioeconomic status as moderators of effects

Race and socioeconomic status (SES) moderated the link between children's sleep and cognitive functioning. One hundred and sixty-six 8- to 9-year-old African and European American children varying in SES participated. Sleep measures were actigraphy, sleep diaries, and self-report; cognitive measures were from the Woodcock-Johnson III and reaction time tasks. Children had similar performance when sleep was more optimal, but after controlling for SES, African American children had lower performance with sleep disruptions. Children from lower and higher SES had similar performance with better sleep quality and less variability in sleep schedules, but when sleep was more disrupted, higher SES children had better performance. Examination of environmental variables associated with race and SES that may underlie these effects may lead to directions for interventions to improve cognitive performance.