实施体育与健康课程标准全面提高学生健康水平

新一轮体育与健康课程的改革决不仅仅是换一套教材，而是一场教育观念的更新。改革涉及到该课程的目标，内容，考核与评价，体育教师必须学习现代教育理论，理解新课程标准，才能把握课程标准和新教材。在实施新的课程标准时应建立新的教学理念和平等的师生观，并要努力体育教师的整体综合素质。     

The Work of Providers of Professional Development for Teachers of Mathematics: Two Case Studies of Experienced Practitioners

This paper is an initial investigation into the practice of providers of professional development for teachers of mathematics. The study examines the work of two providers of professional development for teachers of mathematics. Both provided professional development while working with teachers on implementing a new mathematics curriculum for seventh grade. Although their work conditions were quite different from each other the study reveals that there were similar characteristics in their practices. The most salient ones were acting out lessons, analyzing principles of the new curriculum, encouraging the teachers to explicate their concerns, and asking teachers to solve concrete practical problems related to the reservations they have about specific components of the new curriculum. The role of a program that prepared the two participants to be providers of professional development for teachers is also discussed.     

Examining increased flexibility in assessment formats

There have been calls in the literature for changes to assessment practices in higher education, to increase flexibility and give learners more control over the assessment process. This article explores the possibilities of allowing student choice in the format used to present their work, as a starting point for changing assessment, based on recent studies and current examples of flexible assessment practice in higher education. The benefits of this flexible assessment format approach are highlighted, along with a discussion of classic assessment considerations such as validity, reliability and marking concerns. The role of technology in facilitating assessment method choice is considered, in terms of new opportunities for providing student choice in the way they evidence their learning and present their work. Considerations for implementing flexible assessment choices into the curriculum are presented, along with a call that further research into such practice is needed to develop a comprehensive set of practical recommendations and best practice for the implementation of flexible assessment choice into the curriculum. The article should be of interest to curriculum developers and academics considering implementing changes to the assessment process to increase student ownership and control.     

The effects of teacher training on new instructional behaviour in reading comprehension

This study concerns the effects of teacher training in instructional behaviour based on new insights in the field of learning and instruction. In an experiment, eight teachers were trained to apply a cognitive apprenticeship model and five teachers were trained to apply a direct instruction model in reading comprehension lessons in primary schools. The teachers in both experimental conditions received teaching guides, which were an adaptation of the curriculum for reading comprehension that they already used. The control group of seven teachers used the same curriculum, but received neither teaching guides nor training. In both experimental conditions teachers successfully changed their behaviour, but they did not succeed in implementing all characteristics of the instructional model aimed at in their training.     

Mapping Social Studies Teachers' Implementation Behaviour on an Innovation Configuration

Many large-scale studies (Berman and McLaughlin 1975; Emrick and Peterson, 1978) and reviews (Fullan and Pomfret, 1977) have indicated the need for curriculum developers to pay more attention to the process of implementing new curriculum materials. This study draws upon the tools of the Concerns-based Adoption Model developed by Hall and Loucks to gather information about teacher implementation behaviour in relation to the Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore (CDIS) Social Studies curriculum package. The Innovation Configurations checklist and an openended teacher-concerns questionnaire were administered to 725 teachers from 70 primary schools during two survey periods, March to May 1986 and July to September 1986. Analysis of the data provided understanding of teachers' actual use of the various components of the curriculum and their main concerns. Unacceptable and weak teacher practices were revealed in the field-trips, project work, testing and the teaching of concepts components of the curriculum package. In addition, teachers seemed more concerned about the content area of Social Studies rather than the skills which the curriculum package advocated. The data forms a basis for the development of more effective implementation-facilitating activities.     

Teachers' perspective: Developing and implementing an sts curriculum

This article explores science TEACHERS' perceptions of and consequent decisions about the development and implementation of a nontraditional science curriculum. It is a case-study analysis that examines the perceptions of 14 secondary teachers of a model science/technology/society (STS) curriculum designed to promote scientific literacy. Although the TEACHERS' decisions varied on whether to accept, alter, or reject the STS curriculum, they shared similar concerns about the development and implementation of this multidisciplinary curriculum. There existed a common set of five factors that the teachers believed to be critical, and that strongly affected their daily teaching decisions. This study offers insights into how science teachers perceive an STS curriculum, and the influence those perceptions have on their teaching decisions. It explores curricular issues from the frame of reference of teachers, the key factor in successfully implementing innovations.     

高中化学课堂科学探究的设计与实施策略

科学探究是高中新课程的重要内容,是化学新课程改革的亮点。本文通过典型案例分析高中化学课堂进行科学探究的设计过程和基本策略。     

“Two Perspectives” on Teaching Crime Films

Due to the media, many students enter undergraduate Criminal Justice programs with biased and/or entertainment-based perceptions about justice generally, and the Criminal Justice system in particular. As a result, many instructors may be compelled to do regular “myth busting” in order to instill a more realistic understanding of Criminal Justice. However, these “myths” hold potential as learning tools in a specific course that confronts and deconstructs them head on. The current paper is about the use of popular media (specifically produced films) as the primary focus of a Criminal Justice course. While such courses tend to be very popular with students, and are potentially very useful in a comprehensive curriculum, there are many considerations when implementing them effectively. Using both student and faculty perspectives, we present the major concerns that need to be considered and addressed when implementing courses that focus solely on Criminal Justice within the popular media.     

中职专业课程标准开发研究——以中职数控技术应用专业《数控车削编程与加工》课程为例

中等职业学校专业课程标准一般包括课程性质、课程基本理念、课程设计思路、学时与学分、课程目标、课程内容与要求、实施建议、说明等几部分。开发中等职业学校专业课程标准需要结合本区域职业岗位要求,体现就业导向、能力本位、以学生为本等课程基本理念,着眼于学生职业生涯发展、职业素质养成和岗位职业能力分析,谋划专业课程设计思路,选择和组织课程内容,并根据课程性质、课程内容与要求、学生个性特点等提出课程实施建议。     

Providing Bottom-Up Support to Middle School Science Teachers’ Reform Efforts in Using Inquiry-Based Kits

Middle grades science teachers need professional support in practice as they implement new inquiry-based science. Professional development schools can provide this bottom-up support through connecting preservice and inservice teacher education programs in classroom practice. In this study, coteaching arrangements with secondary science education majors provided additional teachers in the classroom to support a materials-rich curriculum and the needed associated pedagogies. Science education majors provided needed assistance in troubleshooting difficulties with the new curriculum. They also provided needed content knowledge to support inquiry, along with creating moments and space for teachers to reflect on inquiry practice. Ongoing assistance by preservice teachers allowed inservice teachers to progress from logistical concerns in implementing kit curriculum to concerns regarding student learning and the supporting professional development.

The significance of theory in the implementation of curriculum change in religious education

A new study in Melbourne, Australia, has investigated curriculum change in religious education against the background of literature on curriculum change in education in general. Amongst its several findings, it was ascertained that clear information and theoretical understanding about a curriculum change in religious education is just as important as it is in any other field of study. In the absence of such information and understanding the leaders who were responsible for implementing the curriculum change in religious education made certain curriculum accommodations, and emphasised particular professional development activities for teachers that were not in keeping with the theoretical underpinning of the change. The implications for ‘top down’ curriculum change, such as those mandated by Church authorities or state authorities, are significant.     

1979年以来语文课程目标的发展及现阶段困境的成因

语文课程目标在整个语文课程中处于十分重要的位置,在每一次的课程改革中也都处于核心地位。对1979年以来的语文课程目标进行梳理,把这三十余年的语文课程目标的发展分为三个阶段,并论述每一个阶段的特点,并尝试发现语文课程目标实施过程中的一些问题,以更好地促进语文课程目标的实现。     

略论高等职业教育课程开发的特色

高等职业教育产生与发展的动力来自于社会、经济、科技、文化等因素的外在拉力，以及高等教育、职业教育发展的推力，其发展的关键取决于课程与培养目标的匹配程度。从高等职业教育的培养目标出发，其课程开发特色主要体现在课程开发起点的多维性、开发主体的多元性、课程目标的定向性、课程形态的自组织性、课程内容的实践性、课程结构的模块性、课程实施的多端性、课程评价的社会性。     

Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods to monitor an intervention program

Teachers in one-teacher schools have often experienced problems when implementing enquiry-based science programs. An innovation was developed to address these problems in isolated one-teacher schools in the far-west of NSW. It consisted of 18 science kits and an associated teaching sequence. Each kit contained 15 student activity sheets, equipment and supplementary resources. An intervention program was designed to support the implementation of the innovation. The purpose of this study was to monitor the teacher's process of change and to ascertain the outcomes of the intervention program in one of the schools. Data were collected using, diagnostic dimensions from the Concerns-Based Adoption Model Project as well as qualitative methods. The results indicated that the teacher's concerns about the innovation focused on how it affected the students. The teacher used the innovation to support her student-centred teaching methods and the students had positive perceptions about learning science. Specializations: K-6 Science and Technology curriculum and instruction.     

Educational Research, Policy and Practice: National Report on Secondary Education in Lao PDR

Following the adoption of a new education law in 2000, the government of Laos has initiated a series of reforms aimed at realizing the national strategy for human resource development for the year 2020. In implementing government policy, the Statistics and Planning Division and the National Research Institute for Educational Sciences have provided basic statistics to analyze the current situation, develop new curricula and teaching materials, monitor the reform process and undertake action research. The paper outlines the main achievements of the Lao education reform (e.g., quantitative growth of secondary education, curriculum and pedagogical reforms), concerns regarding difficulties in achieving key goals (e.g., low participation in mountainous areas serving ethnic groups), and strategies being adopted within the educational development plan for 2001–2005. Key Words: curriculum, educational goals, education law, educational reform, educational research and policy, ethnic minority, Lao PDR, secondary education, technical and vocational education     

Dilemma-based Cases Written by Preservice Elementary Teacher Candidates: An analysis of process and content

The present paper describes how preservice teachers constructed dilemma-based cases as part of a reflective and inquiry-oriented teacher education program. Twelve elementary education majors wrote dilemma-based cases based on critical incidents experienced during their field placements in Professional Development Schools. Examination of these data reveals that writing cases allowed these teacher candidates to resolve dilemmas they experienced during their internships, which influenced their perceptions of their roles and relationships in elementary classrooms. The process of writing cases also helped these prospective teachers to work through their feelings about these incidents and to understand the value of reflection. Content analyses of these data revealed that all of the cases centered around two typical novice teachers' concerns: (a) the preservice teacher's relationship with their cooperating teachers and students, or (b) classroom management concerns. None of the cases revolved around content or curriculum issues .     

五年制师范课程改革的实践与思考

如何在基础教育新课程背景下进行五年制师范课程改革,是我们当前面临的重要课题之一。本文从实施"专辅修"课程模式、推进精品课程建设、创新课程评价方式等举措,从确立课程体系的开放性、课程结构的均衡性、课程内容的实践性等改革方向,对这一课题作了一些思考和阐发,同时,提出一些推行师范课程改革的具体建议。     

Innovating a Value-Based Curriculum

One School's experience in implementing an innovative curriculum design over two decades is described. The major features of the value-based organizing rubic is presented. Implications for curriculum construction are noted, as well as limitations inherent in the design.     

谈综合课程实施中存在的几个问题

基础教育阶段设置综合课程是大势所趋,但在综合课程实施中存在着许多问题,诸如对综合课程认识的不足,课程资源的不足,教师有关综合课程实施的素养急待提高,综合课程价值取向有所偏颇等。     

高考命题要有利于高中新课程标准的实施——天津市高中新课程改革背景下高考命题刍议

在新一轮高中新课程改革进程中,高考命题对新课程的教学活动具有重要的导向作用。高考命题应与高中新课程改革的价值取向相一致,努力体现新课程的标准和理念,从而有利于中学实施素质教育和落实新课程标准。2009年是天津市高中新课程改革后的首次高考命题。天津高考试卷的设计立足于新课程标准,着力体现＂三维目标＂;坚持能力立意,注重对探究能力的考查;重视情境设计,试题素材贴近生活、生产实际,使试题内容更加注重基础性,突出综合性,把握时代性,反映地方性。并做到＂稳中有变,稳中有新＂,实现了新老课程标准命题的平稳过渡。经教师满意度调查,对该年高考试卷整体满意度较高。