初中教师的教师知识研究:基于东北省会城市数学教师的调查

通过对哈尔滨、长春和沈阳三个省会城市的13所初中的150名数学教师的知识状况进行调查分析发现,东北省会城市初中数学教师的知识结构类型主要有均衡型、经验型和分科型。在教师的专业发展过程中,四种类型教师知识的重要性程度按照从大到小的顺序是:学科教学知识、学科知识、教育理论知识、课程知识。东北省会城市初中数学教师的教师知识状况还是比较好的,其知识发展能够适应新课程改革的需要,教龄不同、教毕业班级的次数不同的教师在教师知识上有显著差异。     

Managing curriculum change and ‘ontological uncertainty’ in tertiary education

Curriculum reform at institutional level is a challenging endeavour. Those charged with leading this process will encounter both enthusiasm and multiple obstacles to teacher engagement including the particularly complex issue of confronting existing teacher identities. At Unitec Institute of Technology (Unitec), the ‘Living Curriculum’ initiative focused on whole-of-institution curriculum renewal and, in the process, acknowledged and addressed teacher beliefs and practices that variously supported and contested both the initiative itself and the professional development offerings that accompanied it. The related research project identified factors and processes that unsettle teachers, rendering them ‘insecure’, and strategies that have proven effective in supporting teachers through significant change in conceptions of curriculum, teaching and learning.     

从课程愿景视角论教师专业化发展

课程教学是学校教育中教与学活动最为基本的单元结构,是教师与学生进行教学互动的重要场景,更是教师实现专业化发展最为主要的渠道。由于社会的快速变革,教育目标需要适时调整,教学对象的发展趋势呈多样化。坚守专业课程的学术标准、实现教师的专业化发展,亟需一个关键的协同性元素——课程愿景。在过度的标准化教学中更多地融入共享愿景与协同发展等感性因素,能应对课程教学中教师专业化发展所面临的多样化难题。     

Teacher beliefs and the mediation of curriculum innovation in Scotland: A socio‐cultural perspective on professional development and change

The purpose of this study was to investigate socio‐cultural factors underpinning curriculum change by examining teacher beliefs in the context of professional development. Scottish teachers in the study were participating in policy implementation based on formative assessment. Teachers were selected who were positive about the formative assessment initiative, so as to examine the inter‐relationships amongst beliefs, policy, and practices when teachers intended to implement curriculum innovation. The aims of the study were to investigate: (a) the nature of teachers’ beliefs about teaching, learning, and the professional development programme; (b) how those beliefs influenced the teachers’ mediation of reform policy in their own classrooms; and (c) points of resonance or tension between teacher’s beliefs and the council’s philosophy towards and management of policy implementation. A qualitative interpretive cross‐case study approach was used with five participant teachers from different secondary subject areas. Results suggested that the unique stance of district administrators to give teachers the opportunity to create their own reform methods, a ‘bottom up’ mode of implementation, appeared to be a significant factor in promoting the reform policy.     

职业教育课程改革与教师专业发展关系研究

课程改革作为深化教育教学改革的核心内容,关键在于教师,同时也对教师的专业发展提出了新的要求.课程改革与教师的专业发展是密切相关的,两者之间存在着相互影响、相互制约和相互促进的关系.从一定意义上说,课程的变革就是教师的变革,课程的发展就是教师的专业发展,课程改革的过程即是重构教师能力,促进教师专业发展的过程.     

How has recent curriculum reform in China influenced school-based teacher learning? An ethnographic study of two subject departments in Shanghai,China

Curriculum reforms with a focus on helping students ‘learn to learn’ are now an established global educational phenomenon. China has been implementing such curriculum reform and this poses challenges to teachers as they need to develop new pedagogical skills and knowledge to deal with new educational demands that arise. This ethnographic study investigates the impacts of current curriculum reform on teacher learning using two subject departments from two schools in Shanghai, China. It shows that teachers direct much attention towards searching for good practices and norms of practice to encounter new curriculum challenges. Findings show that outside experts who act as ‘boundary brokers’ are crucial in teacher learning. They also identify two modes of teacher learning activities: hierarchical, which relies on imported expert knowledge; and reciprocal, which depends on exploiting local knowledge. Striking a balance between these two approaches may be the way forward.     

Teachers’ response to curriculum change: balancing external and internal change forces

The present study investigates teachers’ perceptions of curriculum change targeting the expanded freedom teachers were given as curriculum developers in the implementation process of the 2006 school reform in Norway. The new curriculum marks a distinct shift, moving from a content-driven to a learning outcomes-driven curriculum. Policy makers expressed confidence in teachers’ professional autonomy: local curricula had to be designed in all subjects to meet the learning outcomes defined in the curriculum. This qualitative study uses focus group interviews and addresses teachers in primary and lower secondary school. Teachers do not see their expanded freedom as real freedom; their world is deeply contextualized and they see a gap between their experienced world and the intended world of the curriculum. What was communicated as extended freedom by policy makers is perceived as extended demands. In this initial phase the teachers place themselves in the position of respondents rather than being progressive change agents themselves.     

实习教师专业发展深层次问题探析——兼论教师教育课程改革措施

实习教师是学习"做教师"的特殊群体,其专业发展中存在一些深层次问题。导致这些问题的原因有:实习学校教师专业精神的消极影响、实习教师的基础性素养不高、实习期间的有效工作量不足、"经验-模仿"的实习指导模式、实习教师实践时对理论的疏离。为此,需要全面改革职前教师教育课程,以促进实习教师的专业发展。     

课程改革、教师赋权增能与教师专业学习共同体——上海市四所小学的个案研究

基于对上海地区四所小学的田野调查,考察教师在“赋权增能”政策条件下,如何处理课程改革中所面临的问题,及其所处教师共同体的影响。研究发现：课程改革给教师造成的压力客观上推进了教师发展和教师专业学习共同体的构建;课程改革在赋权增能的同时赋予教师高度问责,造成教师不愿承担赋权,而教师专业学习共同体以群体分责来支持教师的赋权增能;未来课程改革应当寻求赋权、增能和问责的平衡,并推进教师专业学习共同体的建设,从而支持教师真正成为课程改革的“代理人”。     

In support of teachers’ learning: specifying and contextualising teacher inquiry as professional practice

Drawing upon research into a case study of teacher inquiry in one school in Queensland, Australia, recent theorising into professional practice, and relevant literature on teachers’ learning, this article reveals the complexity and particularity of teacher inquiry processes in support of teachers’ learning. Specifically, the research reveals how particular actions, dialogue, and relationships collectively constitute a practice of teacher inquiry which seeks to promote substantive teacher-led learning. The research draws upon a group of Year 5 teachers engaged in collective inquiry into their work in what was described as an “Inquiry Cycle” approach in a school in northern Queensland, during a period of support for substantial curriculum reform. The research reveals the Inquiry Cycle approach as characterised by specific actions, dialogue, and relationships – “doings,” “sayings,” and “relatings” – productive of the development of a learning culture focused on significant curriculum reform; overt support for whole-school “explicit” approaches to teachers’ pedagogies; and active/robust critique of data-focused assessment processes. The research reveals necessary texture and detail in support of teachers’ learning, and the specific circumstances and contextual “arrangements” that help constitute this learning.     

论高师办学与课程实践的互动发展

培育高素质师资是教师教育改革与基础教育发展的共同责任。实施新课程六年来,中小学教师存在诸多矛盾和困惑,既有教师在职专业持续发展方面的原因,也有职前教育中高师院校办学方面的原因。互动新课程中,基于教师专业化理念,高师院校重审教师教育的优势和特色,实施切实可行的专业引领策略,促进课程改革不断深入,既是坚定教师专业情意态度的职责使然,也是提升教师教育理性价值的现实要求。     

教师教育课程不容忽视的内容：实践性课程

从国际比较和我国教师教育需求看,教师教育实践性课程对于教师专业成长不容忽视。现象学教育学的研究、形象互动理论和实践理论对于时间的关注等,说明了实践性课程对于教师教育的必要性。实践性课程的建构与实施需要教师教育研究者与中小学教师的密切合作,需要中小学专家教师的实践智慧,需要多样化的实践形式。     

教师课程理解的改善路径

教师的课程理解直接或间接地影响到课程实施。当前部分教师课程意识尚比较淡薄,课程理解的程度有待提高,培养课程意识、调整课程理解维度、强化理论学习、研究名师课堂等措施可以有效改善教师的课程理解。     

新课程背景下教师专业化及专业发展对策探究

教师专业化及其专业发展,是教师教育改革的核心问题,加强教师的专业化建设是提高教师社会地位的需要,也是加快我国教师教育的发展步伐、促进教师素质提高的重要举措。文章阐述了教师专业化及其专业发展的基本含义和要求,并探讨了在基础教育课程改革背景下的教师专业化发展问题,在此基础上提出了新课程背景下教师专业化及其发展的对策。     

教学案例与教师发展

教学案例是教学过程中的故事，它描述的是“意料之外，情理之中的事”。教学案例在促进教师成长过程中是必要的：教师编写教学案例就是促进教师自身发展的过程，教师的专业水平在分析教学案例的过程中必定能得到发展。总之，教学案例的作用在于引起阅读案例的人反思实践，深入思考教学实践中的问题。通过对案例的分析促进教师的发展已经成为教师教育的手段。     

教师课程意识与专业成长

教师课程意识属于社会职业意识范畴之一,是教师个体与群体基于职业实践,在其职业环境中通过履行专业职责而形成的关于课程规律的体认。课程意识指导着教师的课程实践,映射着教师职业的专业化程度。课程意识的生成与提升,需要相应的实践环境。     

课程评价:教师专业发展的又一实践平台

教师积极参与课程评价,可以打破传统课程评价的管理主义倾向和主体单一化倾向,同时也可为教师的专业发展开辟新路径。教师可以从理解的角度评价课程标准;从对话的角度评价课程内容;从发展的角度评价课程实施;从反思的角度评价课程绩效。教师一般经历从独自的缄默式评价到个人的表达式评价,然后到集体的对话式评价,最后走向内化评价阶段,最终实现教师在评价中成就自我的理想目标。     

教师课程意识与专业成长

教师课程意识属于社会职业意识范畴之一,是教师个体与群体基于职业实践,在其职业环境中通过履行专业职责而形成的关于课程规律的体认。课程意识指导着教师的课程实践,映射着教师职业的专业化程度。课程意识的生成与提升,需要相应的实践环境。     

从幼儿教师专业成长看幼儿园课程改革

幼儿园课程改革的目标是促进幼儿的发展,而在幼儿园与幼儿接触最多的有生命力的个体之一便是幼儿教师,幼儿教师专业成长的过程同时也是幼儿成长的过程,因而教师是课程改革的关键因素之一。本文就目前幼儿教师专业成长中遇到的问题展开论述,并针对问题提出解决策略,以期为广大幼教工作者提供参考,更好地促进幼儿园课程改革的开展。