中小学专业支持模式改进的基本趋势——以加拿大安大略省为例

质量保障体系的建立离不开专业支持力量对学校和教师的引领、指导和服务。但是,专业支持力量的加强不仅存在支持体系的建设问题,还存在着一个支持模式的改进问题。从加拿大安大略省的相关实践来看,专业支持模式的未来改进表现在发展共享的指导平台、提供个别化服务、项目化以及标准化等四个方面。     

Children's behavior problems and referral for school psychological services

Personality and conduct problem behaviors from Quay and Peterson's Behavior Problem Checklist were rated by considering their significance in referring an elementary-grade child for school psychological services. Spearman correlations indicated that regular class teachers, special class teachers of the emotionally disturbed, and school psychologists agreed regarding the relative importance of the behavior problems. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that conduct problems were prioritized by the professional groups for referral. This consistent agreement across professional groups is interpreted in terms of ecological psychology. Considering the behavioral demands of the schools, the conduct problem child achieves the poorest behavior-milieu fit and is perceived as a priority for referral.     

Extended services in schools: developing resources to prepare student teachers for a rapidly changing working environment

The role of schools in providing extended services to their communities continues to undergo change and development. This has raised issues regarding the training of student teachers who are increasingly likely to take up appointments in schools offering extended services. This research project investigated the development of resources to prepare student teachers for a changing working environment. The project used a case study approach to gather data from primary and secondary schools providing extended services. From these case studies training materials were developed and trialled with focus groups of students in initial teacher training. Findings demonstrate the importance for tutors in initial teacher education to have access to authentic school‐focused materials to assist them in equipping students for the realities of school life.     

Affirmative action strategies and professional schools: case illustrations of examplary programs

Increases of women and minority students at professional schools have been reported but disadvantaged populations still suffer underrepresentation. The literature indicates that effective affirmative action may be realized through early identification programs and pre-professional contact during recruitment; role modeling, and mentoring used from early identification through professional licensure; resocialization techniques for both faculty and students used after matriculation; and academic, social, and psychological support services used during the program that aid retention. A survey of law, medical, dental, and veterinary schools revealed various affirmative action strategies used for the recruitment, admission, and retention of women and minorities. Seven case illustrations of affirmative action programs are detailed. These cases demonstrate that an eclectic grouping of strategies is less effective than a concise, directed program of strategies complementary to the professional school, its faculty, their geographic location, their targeted clientele, and their specific goals for cultural diversity.     

Culturally competent interventions in schools for children with physical health problems

An estimated 5.2 to 7.8 million children with significant chronic health problems attend school every day in the United States requiring interventions in the school setting. A majority of these students will be from ethnic minority or low‐income groups within two decades. Providing culturally competent interventions in schools is critical to optimize the health, educational, and psychological outcomes of children with significant health problems. This article underscores the culture and health connection and presents a 5‐step model for providing culturally competent services for health problems in schools. The article is intended to help school personnel to determine if, when, and how to incorporate cultural issues in assessment, treatment planning, and intervention. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 389–396, 2007.     

大学生自杀行为的成因及预防策略

分析了大学生自杀的主客观原因,并从社会、学校、家庭三方面提出预防大学生自杀的对策。指出学校方面,应开展心理健康教育、生命教育和心理咨询,建立大学生心理危机预防体系和专业化师资队伍。构建和谐校园文化,真正为大学生提供良好的校园心理环境。     

Examining the role of school psychologists as providers of mental and behavioral health services

The school setting represents the most common setting by which youth receive mental and behavioral health (MBH) services (Farmer et al., 2003, Psychiatr Serv, 54, 60–66). Nevertheless, many school psychologists are not providing MBH services despite the high prevalence of need. Additional research is needed to understand factors leading to these deficits, as well as potential solutions to ameliorate these concerns. The current study surveyed 341 school psychologists across seven states and found current ratios are one school psychologist for every 1,500–2,000 students. Study results suggest school psychologists are providing a half to full day of universal, prevention-oriented MBH services each week whereas more targeted, direct services (e.g., individual or small group counseling) are offered 1–4 hr each week. The school psychologist-to-student ratios also demonstrated a statistically significant and inverse association with the provision of targeted MBH services, with higher ratios resulting in fewer MBH services. Respondents provided potential solutions for how to expand the delivery of MBH services within schools, including increased awareness and support among school and district administrators, as well as access to training and professional development related to MBH services.     

The 2002 Conference on the Future of School Psychology: Implications for Consultation,Intervention, and Prevention Services

In November 2002, the multisite Conference on the Future of School Psychology was sponsored by major professional associations of school psychologists. Conference goals included achieving consensus on current and future demands for school, conceptualizing the practice of school psychology in the face of diminishing numbers and increasing demand for services, and developing an agenda to use school psychology resources to maximize the benefits to the children and schools. Consultation, intervention, and prevention were major themes in all conference activities. The present article provides an overview of the conference and a summary of issues and outcomes from the conference that relate to educational and psychological consultation services.     

Networking projects around the United States

Summary Networks are gaining popularity in the education community. The technology of networking offers many benefits for educators and students. The process of setting up and administering a network is determined by the needs and budget of the users. There are many hardware and software vendors who offer an array of products for designing, installing and maintaining networks. In some cases, schools have formed partnerships with businesses to provide networking services on the local, state, national and global levels. Educational networks will continue to proliferate throughout this decade, providing a new environment to help with word processing, database management, research, individualized instruction, parent education, professional development, and the many other concerns confronting schools today.     

山西省普通高中教师专业发展现状调查报告

通过对山西省普通高中教师的教育信念、专业知能、职业道德、专业态度和动机、专业自主和发展、职业自我意识等方面的调查研究,可以了解山西省普通高中教师的发展现状,从而为未来3-5年高中教育及教师队伍发展规划提供决策依据。     

中小学心理教师专业化现状调查及发展探究

中小学心理教师的专业化发展是促进学校心理健康教育工作有效开展的重要条件。采用北京师范大学教育心理与学校咨询研究所编制的调查问卷,通过分层随机抽样的方法,对全国8个省、自治区、直辖市72所中小学心理教师队伍现状进行问卷调查。采用SPSS对调查结果进行统计分析,从心理教师的基本情况、工作开展状况、专业培训制度以及心理教师获得的环境支持四个方面概括了中小学心理教师队伍的专业化发展现状及存在的问题,据此提出明确心理教师的专业角色、加强专业培训与训练、建立健全管理制度、加强与其他科任教师和学生家长的合作等建议。     

城市化背景下成都市中小学心理健康教育可持续发展机制研究

通过对成都市中小学心理健康教育现状调研发现:地区发展水平差距过大,缺乏心理健康教育意识,专业师资队伍缺口大,目标德育化、辅导形式单一等问题。针对这些问题进行分析,提出了一系列措施:完善专业教师内培外引制度、重视心理健康知识的普及、建立完善的心理测量和筛查体系以及心理咨询及跟踪评价体系、普及和完善网络咨询模式、建立家校协作的心理健康教育模式,以形成心理健康教育可持续发展有效机制。     

Group counseling in the schools: Legal,ethical, and treatment issues in school practice

School psychologists are interested in providing effective and efficient direct services to children. With a wide spectrum of psychological problems impacting children, group counseling represents one viable and valuable intervention. Given the complexity of group counseling, many schools and school psychologists are interested in legal and ethical issues impacting group interventions. From the attainment of appropriate consents for counseling to ethical dilemmas, the challenges involved in direct services are large. This article reviews mental health issues transforming children's mental health, considers differing group counseling models and stages of group development, and examines contemporary legal and ethical dilemmas inherent in school practice. Uniquely, a question‐and‐answer format is used to highlight legal issues for practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An evaluation of the collaborative mode of professional development for teachers in special schools in Hong Kong

This study, by Fuk‐chuen Ho of the Hong Kong Institute of Education and Michael Arthur‐Kelly of the University of Newcastle, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a professional development programme for in‐service teachers in Hong Kong special schools. The goal of the programme was to deliver a field‐based mode of training for teachers in special schools. A school cluster system was set up, with the goal of providing participants with a platform through which it is possible to conduct an interactive exchange of ideas, resources, services and expertise, mutually addressing the issues pertaining to children with special needs. Twelve school clusters were organised. Participants in this study included four educators from teacher training institutions, 31 expert teachers from supporting schools, and 101 trainees from participating schools. The most significant response came from trainees, because the participating schools had the opportunity to apply the learned skills in their own classrooms.     

Community Consultation and Intervention: Supporting Students Who Do Not Access Counseling Services

Although the severity of psychological problems among college students and the demand for campus counseling services has increased, many students who could benefit from mental health services still do not access them. This article describes Community Consultation and Intervention, a program designed to support students who are unlikely to access professional help despite the best efforts of traditional counseling center outreach. Community Consultation and Intervention reaches into the campus community to intervene by advising faculty and staff who may be the only contact for a distressed student, taking on a nontraditional “student support” role in direct interactions with students, offering advocacy when university systems or other environmental stressors precipitate psychological problems, and providing case management and crisis intervention services on behalf of the university when troubled students are especially concerning and disruptive to their communities. The most novel element of the program—the student support role—is distinct from conventional counseling in that it privileges problem solving, support, advice, and advocacy over focusing on emotions and other traditional mental health interventions. Case studies and programmatic challenges are described.     

农村中小学心理健康教育文献综述

目前,农村中小学生的心理现状令人担忧,心理健康教育亟待全面有效开展,相关领域学者在发现问题、寻找原因后,有针对性地提出了转变观念意识、建立专门机构、增强师资力量、优化校园环境等建议。这些研究成果对解决农村中小学心理健康教育的现实问题具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

师范生职业认同——基于心理契约视角

从心理契约的角度来看,师范生职业认同的核心在于＂理念＂。为提高师范生的职业认同,需要：1）尊重教师价值,营造尊师环境;2）强化职业信念,打造职业技能,塑造职业角色;3）建立相互信任、相互依存的关系,促进学校和教师的共同发展。     

What we know and do not know about supervision in school psychology: A systematic mapping and review of the literature between 2000 and 2017

Supervision is a distinct competency area in professional psychology with a burgeoning research base. Yet it remains unclear to what extent the broad supervision research base generalizes specifically to supervision of psychological services in schools for both preservice trainees and credentialed school psychologists. The purposes of this study were to map and review current evidence regarding supervision in school psychology; consider the evidence in the context of the broader psychology supervision literature; and reflect on next steps for training, practice, and research of supervision in school psychology. A systematic review across school psychology journals and psychological supervision journals found only 37 peer refereed articles (21 empirical and 16 conceptual) published on the topic of supervision in school psychology since the year 2000. The topical coverage of these articles is summarized, including its contributions and limitations. Implications are drawn for future research of supervision in school psychology.     

我国大学心理服务宏观管理体制改革初探

大学心理服务是大学教育工作的重要组成部分。目前我国大学心理服务宏观管理体制在认识观念、机构体系建设、管理队伍专业化、管理政策与法律环境以及发展规划制定等方面还存在诸多问题。我国大学心理服务宏观管理体制改革需要明确主管部门的管理职能．制定和完善大学心理服务机构及人员的准入制度,健全大学心理服务专业评价与监督机制．充分发挥心理学专业学术组织在推动心理服务工作中的专业服务和引导作用。     

Meeting the needs of pupils with learning difficulties. What do primary and secondary schools expect of their educational psychologists?

A questionnaire survey was conducted in all primary schools in the Dunbarton division of Strathclyde region (N=117) to obtain the views of headteachers regarding the involvement of local authority educational psychologists in the area of learning difficulties. This was a follow‐up to a previously published study of the views of learning support coordinators in secondary schools throughout the division. The results of the primary survey are presented and comparisons made with the secondary schools. The findings suggest that schools perceive psychologists as having a central role to play in the area of learning difficulties but indicate a considerable shortfall between present and desired levels of service. It was also noted that after more than a decade of reconstruction of psychological services in which a major theme has been a reduced emphasis on direct work with individual children, the traditional role of individual assessment and counselling is the one which continues to be strongly endorsed by teachers. Some implications for psychological services and schools are considered.