Opportunities for school psychologists in rural school settings

Rural school psychologists from California, Georgia, Indiana, and Iowa were mailed questionnaires asking them to describe the advantages of practicing school psychology in rural school settings. Three main clusters of responses emerged, including: close contact and good working relationships with teachers, administrators, and parents; role diversity and autonomy; and positive environmental context. Levels of job satisfaction also were investigated. A total of 59% of the psychologists reported high or very high job satisfaction, while 33% reported an average level of satisfaction, and only 8% reported a low level of satisfaction.     

充分发挥网络优势促进农村中小学教师素质提升

在基础教育均衡发展的理念下，农村教师队伍建设被提到了有关教育部门工作的重要日程，本文在分析当前农村教师现状、农村中小学网络建设情况、传统教师培训模式的局限性的基础上提出网络环境下农村教师培养模式，内涵、培养资源、组织形式、应注意的问题等。     

论建设社会主义新农村与学校体育的关联

为审视新农村建设背景下新农村学校体育的改革,论述了建设新农村的时代价值以及两者的关联。提出要大力推动为实现建设新农村背景下农村学校体育发展目标,农村学校体育改革必须及时适应新农村建设,进一步转变教育观念,开发校本课程资源,发展农村学校体育特色,实施乡村阳光体育运动,构建和谐农村学校体育,实现回归大自然的身体教育。     

Manpower needs in rural school psychology

The majority of unserved and underserved handicapped children live in rural America (Sher, 1978). One obstacle to serving these children is a lack of qualified staff (Helge, 1981). The turnover rates for rural and urban school psychologists in Virginia were determined for the years 1977–78 through 1979–80: the rate for rurai school psychologists is four times the rate for urban school psychologists (p<.001). Rural school psychologists who terminated employment and rural school psychologists who remained were surveyed on selected background variables in 1981. School psychologists who remained were much more likely than those who left to have been raised in a nonurban community. Implications for training programs are discussed.     

Big school,small school: Impact of the high school environment

An investigation of the relationship between high school priorities and self-concept was undertaken. Upper and underclassmen from large and small high schools completed questionnaires and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Participation in five activity areas was related to self-concept using a multiple-regression technique. The perceived similarity of each student's priorities with the school's priorities was also correlated with self-concept. The relationships accounting for the greatest proportion of the variance in self-concept scores were found among small-school upperclassmen. The results were interpreted as support for Barker's argument that small school students feel a greater obligation to participate in school activities.     

农村中学生物学实验教学的调查研究

罗源县中学生物实验教学现状的调查表明，学生实验和课堂演示实验在城乡中学之间存在着较大差距，实验员、实验室配置不全，仪器药品、实验材料和实验经费不足或缺乏是造成城乡差距的主要因素，调查和研究当前初中生物实验教学存在的问题，探讨和提出解决问题的途径和方法，将有助于提高教学质量，实现课改教学目标。     

对我国女子高校办学特色的思考

近年来,一些女性高等教育研究者借助社会性别的视角,对女性特色的认知和追求形成了不同的目标指向,提出了女子高校的办学特色.然而这种盲目以适应市场需要为特色的办学形式造成了女校特色的雷同和迷失,对特色的认知应具体到不同的办学理念、办学形式、专业课程设置等方面.     

High school student satisfaction and perceptions of the school environment

The satisfaction of high school students was studied using an adaptation of reinforcement theory. An instrument entitled Students and Their Schools was developed to assess the perceived availability and value of 35 different academic and interpersonal dimensions of the high school environment and student satisfaction with these areas. This was distributed to 411 students in two city and three suburban public high schools. Availability of resources alone is more highly related to satisfaction than their value. Small but consistent differences were found between male and female students, with suburban females reporting lower levels of availability and satisfaction but higher value ratings than other students. City students have higher levels of satisfaction, but lower levels of value, than suburban students. Most of the differences concerned academic aspects of school and interactions with administrators and faculty. If students perceive a high availability of rewarding aspects of their school environment, they report higher levels of satisfaction with school. Thus, an adaptation of reinforcement theory can be used as an empirical measure of student satisfaction with school.     

Training needs of rural school council members

School councils have operated successfully in non-government schools for many years. By contrast, the establishment of school councils in the government school sector has had a much shorter history. In New South Wales, school council members are elected representatives of the broader school community. This study focused on government schools in rural areas of southern New South Wales and specifically examined the professional development and training needs of these school council members. The findings indicated that school council members expressed concern about their inexperience as council members. Further, they identified the following areas within which they should specifically seek professional development and training: i) identifying and analysing the educational needs of the school and its community; ii) enhancing and facilitating better communication between the school and its community; iii) assisting the principal to understand local community politics; and iv) promoting public education within the local community. These priority training needs have relevance for policy makers and professional development leaders at the systemic or departmental level.     

中学化学与环境教育

人类生存的环境由自然环境和社会环境（人工环境）组成。自然环境是人类生活和生产所必需的自然条件和自然资源的总称,包括阳光、温度、气候、地磁、空气、水、岩石、土壤、动植物、微生物以及地壳的稳定性等自然因素,而社会环境是在自然环境的基础上,人类为了不断提高物质生活和精神生活水平,     

The home environment and school achievement

The studies reviewed here support the proposition that more accurate and informative measures of the home educational environment are possible than the status characteristics typically used. The stability of SES measures and the ease with which this type of data may be collected have promoted the continued use of static variables as measures of family background. But as we have indicated in this review, studies have shown that what parents do rather than who they are is the more important determinant of the home's influence on the child's achievement. Thus, the emphasis is on the process variables in the home, although the static variables are still relevant to gaining a complete picture of the home environment and its influence. The home-based intervention studies further support these results as well as the alterability of process characteristics. The alterability of home processes is an important factor in moving away from the restrictions of prediction and classification imposed by the traditional static measures of the home environment.     

Revisiting primary school dropout in rural Cambodia

Previous studies on school dropout in Cambodia often used data from subjects after they already dropped out or statistics from education-related institutions. Using data from children in two rural provinces before they dropped out, this study examines four main factors in order to identify their influence on primary school dropout in Cambodia. Results from logistic regression analysis revealed that some predictors on individual, family, and school factors were found to be statistically significant to predict the odds of dropout in both grades 1 and 5, whereas poverty and child labor could not be detected, though they have been frequently cited as major predictors in the literature of school dropout in Cambodia as well as developing countries.     

乡镇中学地理教育现状调查与探讨

我国乡镇中学占全国中学的60％左右，乡镇中学的地理教学质量关系到中学生整体素质的提高．本文以山东德州市以及栖霞市5所乡镇中学为例，总结了乡镇中学地理教育的现状、分析了原因并对其存在的问题提出了解决设想。     

Use of classroom environment assessments in school psychology: A British perspective

The move from individual-centered to systems-oriented and consultancy-based approaches has inevitably affected school psychologists' perceptions of and need for appropriate assessment techniques. Of particular importance are techniques that make it possible to assess participants' perceptions of teaching-learning contexts. One such technique (Fraser's Individualised Classroom Environment Questionnaire) is described, together with the rationale of individualized learning on which it is based. Preliminary data on the validity and reliability of the ICEQ in English secondary schools are provided, and illustrative examples are presented on ways in which systems-oriented consultant psychologists can employ such data in their professional practice.