Government publications in New Zealand libraries and the University of Oregon: A comparison

The kind and size of a library determines the need to collect and the method of controlling government publications. New Zealand libraries tend to handle these publications like any other book with the exception of official records and statistics. As a rule, public, rather than academic libraries, are the designated depositories. In comparing the concept of New Zealand libraries to that of the University of Oregon Library concerning government publications, I found that New Zealand libraries collect and store official and statistical publications and give them partial use; most government publications are integrated into the general collection (use is not known), and few libraries have separate government publication sections with special librarians governing the collection. On the other hand the University of Oregon collects all types of government publications for optimum use; many have been integrated into the general collection (use is not known); and a separate documents section is open to the public with several librarian specialists in attendance. Government publications in the general collection are not, as a rule, recognized as government publications by the public, but those publications are readily accessible. Many government publications at the University of Oregon Library are housed in the general collection, but since 1974 publications of the United States, Canada and many international organizations are shelved in the Documents Section. Use of the various classification schemes has proved successful; however, changes and improvements should be considered frequently to make the government publications collection the best able to serve the public.     

Chapter 6: United States Government Publications

No abstract available for this article.     

Government Information Locator System and Government Information Management in the United States

20世纪90年代中期以后,随着电子政府服务的发展,美国联邦政府一些跨机构工作小组开始致力于政府信息定位服务(GILS)的相关调查研究,并在大量合作项目的基础上构建起联邦政府的GILS框架。此后,美国各州政府和机构也在此基础上探索构建了各具特色的GILS服务。GILS现已逐渐融合到美国电子政府整体建设之中,不仅通过因特网为公民提供政府数字信息,而且还可提供广泛的政府服务。各种类型的GILS服务之间的交流与合作也在积极展开。     

中美公共图书馆政府信息服务比较研究

美国图书馆开展政府信息服务历史悠久,健全的法律保障、与政府良好的合作关系、公民的主动参与、完善的利用机制是促进美国图书馆政府信息服务的重要因素。与美国相比,中国图书馆开展政府信息服务的时间短,地区发展不平衡;相关法律、政府信息、服务对象的缺失很大程度上阻碍了中国公共图书馆政府信息服务的开展。中国需要加强相关法律的制订与完善,为图书馆开展政府信息服务创造一个好的环境,此外图书馆自身也要积极参与到政府信息服务这项工作,同时通过努力强化公民的参与意识。     

英美机构知识库的比较

文章针对OpenDOAR网站所登记注册的英美机构知识库进行调查,分析英美机构知识库发展概况,并主 要从机构知识库的主要类型及创建主体、创建软件应用情况、知识库容量大小、资源收录类型、学科分布、语种、开 放存取情况等方面进行比较,总结两国的主要相同点和差异,为中国机构知识库建设提供相应的启示。     

开放数据在英、美政府中的应用及启示

开放数据是一种理念与实践,按照用户特定的需求和相应的互联网协议、规则、框架对Web数据进行开发、加工、存储、组织等管理活动,以实现局域和全部Web空间的数据开放、互通、共享,受到了政府、企业和一些行业如图书馆的重视与应用。英、美政府对开放数据的应用实践走在了世界的前列,其与W3C相关协议保持数据相同、数据保持完整性与统一性、建立政府信息开放门户网站平台等做法均值得我国政府和一些开放数据应用行业的借鉴。     

美国联邦政府电子文件管理机制分析

管理机制,是指管理系统的结构及其运行机理,其本质是管理系统的内在联系、功能及运行原理,是决定管理功效的核心问题。电子文件管理机制作为电子文件管理工作的组织保障,对于推动各项工作具有举足轻重的作用。本文在对比中美两国政府语境下电子文件和电子文件管理定义的基础上,系统分析了美国联邦政府电子文件管理机制中的相关单位及其职责,并总结归纳了该机制的特点,希望为我国电子文件管理机制的完善提供借鉴。     

Democracy online: an assessment of New Zealand government web sites

This study assesses the effectiveness of New Zealand government Web sites in providing equitable and appropriate access to government information to all citizens. A range of government Web sites was evaluated, and visitors to approximately half of these sites were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the effectiveness of the sites. Results show that there are several key issues for the government to address in formulating effective policy for government Web sites. These include the need for: a clear statement of purpose; good meta-data; good contacts for feedback and update of information; clear statements and adequate provision for confidentiality and privacy of personal data, liability, and copyright; access for disabled users; availability of publications in both electronic and print formats. Key issues to emerge from the user survey focus on the need for better search engines, indexes, and site maps to help people find out quickly if the information they are wanting is likely to be there, and to locate it. Users also need to be assured that the information on government Web sites is accurate and up-to-date. The authors concluded that there is a major gap in government policy emerging from this research that needs urgently to be addressed.     

美国政府信息公开服务和保障措施探究

为保障《信息自由法》实施,改善政府信息公开成效,美国政府推行了一系列服务和保障措施。信息公开服务包括实施联邦寄存图书馆计划、提供信息资源指引服务和提供机构信息自由法培训;保障措施包括开展"阳光一周"活动、设立首席信息自由法官和信息自由法公共联络处、指定监督机构。     

析美国构建电子政府的原因和认识过程

从可能性、可行性、效益性3方面 ,剖析了美国构建电子政府的物质条件、社会基础、引发动因等关键要素 ,概述了美国对电子政府由讨论走向实践的建设过程 ,以及美国对电子政府的认识渐趋于现实的深化过程     

中美大学图书馆网页设置比较研究

通过对中关大学图书馆网页的直观揭示,分析两国大学图书馆在网页的栏目设置、内 容概括、信息揭示等方面的异同。     

中美数字图书馆之比较研究

近年来,数字图书馆的发展受到了世界各国的普遍重视。本文通过对中美数字图书馆发展情况的比较分析,提出我国数字图书馆建设应在借鉴美国数字图书馆建设的先进经验的基础上,结合我国的具体情况,建设具有中国特色的数字图书馆。     

政府信息定位服务与美国政府信息管理

20世纪90年代中期以后,随着电子政府服务的发展,美国联邦政府一些跨机构工作小组开始致力于政府信息定位服务(GILS)的相关调查研究,并在大量合作项目的基础上构建起联邦政府的GILS框架.此后,美国各州政府和机构也在此基础上探索构建了各具特色的GILS服务.GILS现已逐渐融合到美国电子政府整体建设之中,不仅通过因特网为公民提供政府数字信息,而且还可提供广泛的政府服务.各种类型的GILS服务之间的交流与合作也在积极展开.参考文献16.     

中美政府CIO制度比较及对我国的启示

美国是最早实施政府CIO制度的国家之一,也是世界上政府CIO制度发展最为成熟的国家。通过建立政府CIO制度,美国的电子政务项目取得了显著的效果。本文通过将我国与美国政府CIO制度进行比较,分析我国目前在政府CIO制度中的不足,并从中得到许多有益启示。     

美国公共图书馆的“政府信息与电子政府”服务状况

自18世纪以来,根据美国《联邦政府出版物寄存图书馆制度》（Federal Depository Library Program：FDLP）,联邦政府必须免费向国内各图书馆提供“政府出版物”。而近年来,在美国有别于FDLP框架之外的服务,即在公共图书馆存取政府信息的意义却逐步得到社会认可。这说明公共图书馆正在成为居民存取“联邦·州·地方政府”的电子政府信息与服务的场所。     

中美政府信息公开下现行文件利用的比较

我国实行现行文件公开利用已有一段时间,但目前仍存在不少问题,与发达国家该工作相比还存在差距.我国应当通过与国外的比较,变被动为主动,寻找差距,取长补短,促进现行文件公开利用工作的完善与发展.     

Online speech and democratic culture: a comparison of freedom of online speech between South Korea and the United States

Civil libertarian doctrine which was dominant during the twentieth century argued that the main goal of freedom of speech was to ensure that the public would be well-informed and actively engage in public deliberation. A literal extension of this claim to the Internet age often justifies the regulation of online speech under the assumption that harmful communication undermines the public interest. This study challenges civil libertarianism and proposes a new thesis of freedom of online speech, which posits that online speech should be understood in terms of a democratic culture where every individual participates freely and without restraints in the process of meaning making that constitute her/him as an autonomous individual. Based on such a theoretical concept, this study identifies three important aspects of online speech freedom – unfettered speech, anonymous speech, and participatory speech – and then compares the status of online speech between South Korea and the United States. This research suggests that a society should understand the unique nature of online speech and then arrange the legal system to fit into it.     

元素养:美国高等教育信息素养新标准前瞻

元素养是一个面向Web 2.0环境的综合素养框架。在剖析元素养的内容、模型和培养目标的基础上,分析美国高等教育信息素养标准面对的新学术形势,以及元素养在概念整合、社交媒体、信息协同生产、元认知和素养教育等领域所进行的改进,为中国高校的信息素养标准研究提供参考。