Linear goal programming for academic library acquisitions allocations

The allocation of an academic library's acquisitions funds should contribute to the achievement of the library's goals and objectives. The availability of diverse materials and the varying demands of user needs in a variety of subject disciplines may represent a set of conflicting, incommensurate goals. Lexicographic linear goal programming offers an appropriate allocation methodology for determining an optimal solution with conflicting goals. This article applies this methodology to 90 funds representing books and periodicals in 45 subject disciplines at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UT). The model's goals incorporate several categories of budget constraints and user needs. The application of this formula resulted in the successful distribution of $3.5 million while taking into consideration ten goals or variables ranging from circulation to number of faculty and students. It also builds in accommodations for political factors and pressures, a unique feature in allocation formulas.     

Development and test of a cognitive rules model of interaction goals

Although scholars frequently describe communication as goal oriented, they offer limited detail about how people form interaction goals in situations. This paper presents a “Cognitive Rules” model which specifies assumptions about the structures and processes underlying goal formation. According to the model, people represent their knowledge about goals within an associative network model of memory, which contains cognitive rules linking situational features and desired outcomes. People's likelihood of forming a goal depends on the accessibility of relevant cognitive rules as well as the fit between perceived situational features and rules. An experiment testing these assumptions is reported. As predicted, a priming manipulation influenced interaction goals in attributionally ambiguous but not in attributionally clear compliance‐gaining situations. Unexpectedly, the effect of priming on goals occurred only for people high in construct differentiation. Implications of these findings for accounts of goal formation and message production are discussed.     

Decision Making in the Recataloging of Serials

Catalogers make decisions constantly, especially when recataloging serials. This article explores the decisions that need to be made when recataloging serials, within the framework of a decision-making model used in business. For catalogers, this model consists of becoming aware that a recataloging problem exists, defining what the problem is, analyzing the alternatives for handling it, selecting the best solution based on the library's goals and resources, implementing it, and obtaining feedback. Then the cycle begins again wilh new problems.     

Effective Management of Museums in the 1990s

A survey of thirty-three museums of various kinds in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States sought to identify the features distinguishing the more effective organizations as assessed by independent experts. Staff at each museum responded to a questionnaire about features common to all organizations as well as some particular to museums. Teamwork, a concern for quality, and an emphasis on public programming are common to effective museums. Executive leadership champions a vision, models appropriate behavior, and works together effectively. Board members use their skills and knowledge to advance the organization's mission. There is a concern for quality, shared goals, good communication, respect for the contribution of others, attention to training, strategic allocation of resources, and an integrated, flexible, and responsive structure. Public programming emphasizes strategic approaches to achieving positive outcomes for visitors, including provision of a variety of learning strategies.     

Addressing territorial digital divides through ICT strategies: Are investment decisions consistent with local needs?

Governments around the world are investing a great amount of resources on the development of an information society. These investments are particularly important as an attempt to close digital divides among countries and regions within countries. However, there is no clear evidence that suggests that current Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policies are helping align investments with the actual needs of the local contexts. Based on data about the allocation of 2014–2020 EU Funds, this paper analyzes the relationship between local needs and investment decisions aiming at bridging territorial digital divides. The results identify four different regional strategies developed around four policy goals: broadband, digital inclusion, digital government services, and the use of ICTs in enterprises. The results also show that unlike the past 2007–13 period, the allocations to these goals appear to be consistent with the ICT local context, i.e. funding for a given goal is higher in the regions that need it the most. Therefore, our main recommendation for the European Commission and Member States is to keep existing requirements for developing evidence-informed “Digital Growth” strategies for the next 2021–27 period. We also suggest to strengthen existing support tools for regional governments.     

A test of the initial processes of the goal‐planning‐action model of interpersonal influence

Dillard's goals‐planning‐action (GPA) model of interpersonal influence encompasses two different process models depending on the initial weighing of primary and secondary goals. In contrast to the GPA's prediction that the ordering of the intervening processes is moderated by the initial weighing of these two types of goals, a simplified version was found that fit the data both when the primary goal was greater than the secondary goal and when the secondary goal was greater than the primary goal. In both conditions, the two types of goals have simultaneous, direct relationships with the persuaders’ decisions to engage their targets, and indirect effects on subsequent plan generation.     

基于模糊双准则规划的高校图书馆图书采购资金分配模型

通过基于模糊双准则规划建立高校图书采访资金分配模型,首先运用三角模糊数方法从历年图书流通数据确定图书年度流通率准则,再根据图书年度流通率和科研教学准则的模糊数量指标作出图书采购资金分配决策。
     

基于课程设置的文献信息资源配置

通过多年的工作实践经验，以及对高校图书馆文献信息资源建设的分析，提出了以办学目标、学科定位为依据，探讨了基于课程设置的文献信息配置原则、应考虑的因素、存在的问题，以及合理的文献信息配置。     

Support providers' interaction goals: the influence of attributions and emotions

The current study examines cognitive and emotional influences on the formation of interaction goals. Specifically, it develops and assesses an extension of Weiner's attribution-emotion-intention model of helping (e.g., Weiner, 1995) to the prediction of support providers' goals. 608 college students read situations manipulating attributions of responsibility, stability, and effort with regard to a friend who was seeking support. They subsequently responded to measures of emotional response (anger, sympathy), interaction goals, and attributions. Attributions were found to influence goals both directly and through the mediation of emotion, though the character of this influence depended strongly on the goal. The results suggest that at least some variability in the effectiveness and sensitivity of supportive communication can be explained by support providers' goals. They also indicate the need for continued, closer examination of cognitive and emotional influences on interaction goals and behaviors.     

The IR Has Two Faces: Positioning Institutional Repositories for Success

This article describes the ongoing efforts at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries to evolve the role of the institutional repository (IR) and to effectively position it within the context of the Libraries’ collections, research support, and scholarly communication services. A major component of this process is re-examining the fundamental aims of the IR and aligning it to the Libraries and the campus strategic goals. The authors situate UNLV Libraries’ experience within the context of the current literature to provide background and reasoning for our decision to pursue two, at times conflicting, aims for the IR: one for scholarly communication and another for research administration.     

Supporting and engaging students through academic library programming

This article explores how the academic library can help foster conditions for both academic and social engagement on the college campus, with the ultimate goal of increasing student satisfaction, success, and retention. The background and varied definitions of student engagement are reviewed and the importance of engagement for student success is discussed. Finn's participation-identification model (1989) is adapted to show how the academic library can provide opportunities through library programming for meaningful engagement to take place. The model holds promise for documenting positive outcomes for library programming in light of already defined ways engagement is known to help with overall success and retention. Examples of successful programs are provided showing how this model can be put into practice.     

Effect of Primary Goal on Secondary Goal Importance and Message Plan Acceptability

Prior to speaking, a person may anticipate outcomes of a message. Such outcomes often pertain to the relevance of the message to secondary goals such as impression management or relationship maintenance. Based on expected outcomes, a decision is made to say, to edit, or to withhold a message. This study asks whether anticipating that a message would conflict with a secondary goal affects perceived message acceptability differently when different primary goals are pursued (e.g., comforting, providing feedback). Eight primary goals and four secondary goals were investigated. Findings show that secondary goal importance and the extent to which expected conflict with a secondary goal reduces message acceptability varies across primary goals.     

CCMM——一种带冲突检测的数字化图书馆可使用性度量模型

过去的数字化图书馆和网站的可用性测试通常都集中关注与图形化界面相关的事务以及DL(Digital Library)内部信息的组织,通常忽略了它们在改变工作实践或行为上的作用.本文提出了一种带冲突检测的DL可使用性度量模型CCMM(Conflicting Checked Measuring Model),CCMM在用户使用DL之前采集用户知识水平,并在用户使用DL后对应生成态度改变问题,将用户对这些问题的反应进行FD/I人格特征冲突检测,若未出现冲突,则认为数据真实可靠,可用于DL可使用性度量计算.计算的结果可用于DL优化,最后试验说明CCMM在进行DL可使用性度量上是适用、有效的.     

Actor goal achievement and sensitivity to partner as critical factors in understanding interpersonal communication competence and conflict strategies

Communication scholars have long argued that achieving one's personal goals with others constitutes an important element of interpersonal communication competence. Moreover, sensitivity to the partner's goals has been implicated in various lines of research related to competence. Despite the presumed status of goal achievement and sensitivity to the partner's goals, models do not develop the relationships between these constructs and how actors are assessed in terms of competence criteria. This paper attempts to repair this oversight by advancing and testing hypotheses that connect assessments of competence to actor's goal achievement and sensitivity to the partner's goals. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) (Kashy & Kenny, 1999), both actor and partner assessments of the actor's sensitivity and conflict strategies were analyzed. Results reveal that sensitivity to the partner's goals was a strong predictor of competence assessments and that actor goal achievement was a moderate predictor of competence assessments. In short, support was found for the explicit inclusion of goal achievement and goal sensitivity in models of interpersonal communication competence.     

Competition's Effects on Programming Diversity of Different Program Types

The public interest goals of television sometimes collide with the goals of market-driven broadcast industries. Because market forces have a pronounced effect on the broadcast sector in most countries, it is important to understand the relation between market competition and public interest goals like program diversity. To find a general pattern governing TV programming in a commercial environment, this study examines the relations between competition and diversity trends for programs oriented toward the public interest and for entertainment shows. The results show that overall diversity is a decreasing function of competition, but that competition's effects on diversity differ for informational and cultural programs and dramas. Both the degree of competition and broadcasters' goals for each program genre have important effects on the diversity of television programming.     

高校图书馆微博营销模式构建与实践探索——以闽南师范大学图书馆为例

分析传统图书馆营销模式在微博营销中的不足, 依据管理学中的目标管理理论, 从社交网络群体发展特征的角度构建高校图书馆微博营销模式, 自顶向下依次为:战略目标层、营销目标层、项目目标层、群体目标层和个体目标层, 其中群体目标层根据微博的传播特征分解为群体成员感知、群组影响力、群体互动和行动转化4项可以量化的子目标.之后, 介绍闽南师范大学图书馆以此模式为基础开展宣传月微博营销的实践, 详细分析各项目标的制定和实施过程及其效果.     

On the Shapley value and its application to the Italian VQR research assessment exercise

Research assessment exercises have now become common evaluation tools in a number of countries. These exercises have the goal of guiding merit-based public funds allocation, stimulating improvement of research productivity through competition and assessing the impact of adopted research support policies. One case in point is Italy's most recent research assessment effort, VQR 2011–2014 (Research Quality Evaluation), which, in addition to research institutions, also evaluated university departments, and individuals in some cases (i.e., recently hired research staff and members of PhD committees). However, the way an institution's score was divided, according to VQR rules, between its constituent departments or its staff members does not enjoy many desirable properties well known from coalitional game theory (e.g., budget balance, fairness, marginality). We propose, instead, an alternative score division rule that is based on the notion of Shapley value, a well known solution concept in coalitional game theory, which enjoys the desirable properties mentioned above. For a significant test case (namely, Sapienza University of Rome, the largest university in Italy), we present a detailed comparison of the scores obtained, for substructures and individuals, by applying the official VQR rules, with those resulting from Shapley value computations. We show that there are significant differences in the resulting scores, making room for improvements in the allocation rules used in research assessment exercises.     

Website creation and resource management: developing collaborative strategies for asynchronous interaction with library users

Objective: To make electronic resources available to library users while effectively harnessing intellectual capital within the library, ultimately fostering the library’s use of technology to interact asynchronously with its patrons (users). Methods: The methods used in the project included: (1) developing a new library website to facilitate the creation, management, accessibility, maintenance and dissemination of library resources; and (2) establishing ownership by those who participated in the project, while creating effective work allocation strategies through the implementation of a content management system that allowed the library to manage cost, complexity and interoperability. Results: Preliminary results indicate that contributors to the system benefit from an increased understanding of the library’s resources and add content valuable to library patrons. These strategies have helped promote the manageable creation and maintenance of electronic content in accomplishing the library’s goal of interacting with its patrons. Conclusions: Establishment of a contributive system for adding to the library’s electronic resources and electronic content has been successful. Further work will look at improving asynchronous interaction, particularly highlighting accessibility of electronic content and resources.     

质量工程和教学评估形势下的文献采购

高校图书馆文献采购与质量工程及教学评估的目标是一致的,都是以切实提高高校教学和科研质量,为社会培养高素质人才为目标。然而,很多高校图书馆在文献采购中却背离了这一目标,存在弄虚作假,不重视纸质图书文献的配置,电子文献资源购置随意等严重问题。为实现人才培养高质量的目标,应当实行图书政府采购监控,制定纸质图书文献的采购原则,以及严格依照《规程》规定合理配置电子文献等手段来规范文献采购。     

Modeling Interactional Influence in Advice Exchanges: Advice Giver Goals and Recipient Evaluations

This study examined how advice givers' self-reported interaction goals influence recipients' evaluations of advice. A typology of giver goals was developed based on message production theories, and the influence of goal pursuit on evaluations of advice was analyzed in interactions between friends (N=189 dyads). In the structural equation model, several giver goals directly affected recipients' evaluations of specific advice features (e.g., greater effort to give efficacious and feasible advice resulted in ratings of advice as more efficacious and feasible). In turn, recipient evaluations of specific message features influenced their ratings of advice message quality. Advice giver goals of efficacy/feasibility, politeness, and novelty led to positive recipient ratings, whereas effort to change the recipient's mind led to negative evaluations.