学业负担：学生的内在需要——基于人性的若干观察

学生承受并且不逃避所谓“过重的”学业负担的基本事实背后存在着内在的人性根源,需要从人的自然属性、精神属性和社会属性中揭示出学生对学业负担的主观自觉自愿的内在需要、学习动力和负担承受力源泉。在本文看来。当今并不存在学业负担过重但存在偏重的事实,外部的某些非自觉自愿因素造成的学业竞争压力与学生自己的内在学业成就动机之间其实达成了某种双向互谅状态的平衡或者默契,学生主观上需要学业负担。     

我们为什么需要创造教育

创造是人之为人、追求意义的需要,人通过创造活动实现自身发展的可能性。教育及创造教育的功利化,不仅损害了学生作为人之为人的内在品质和创造性,也损害了教育通过培养人而促进社会发展的价值。基于人性发展需求的创造教育,其根本目的在于满足人创造的欲望、发展人创造的才能、拓展人的精神世界、培植人独立自主的个性、促进人性的完善与卓越。     

Institutionalizing Student Outcomes Assessment: The Need for Better Research to Inform Practice

This article explores the organizational impediments and facilitators that influence the implementation of student learning outcomes assessment (SLOA). This review points to the importance of culture, leadership, and organizational policies to the implementation of SLOA. However, we need to approach research differently, both conceptually and methodologically, if we want to understand these key factors better. I argue that our understanding of implementation conditions is superficial due to systemic weaknesses in the research. The article provides a framework for defining these terms clearly, suggests theories that can be applied, and reviews key methodological changes that can improve the quality of research.     

实践性知识：师范生亟需加强的知识模块

教师的实践性知识是一种经验性知识、案例性知识，它的形成和积累与教师具体的教育教学情景和经验有关。但是就目前我国师范教育的状况看，师范生的实践性知识模块是其知识结构中比较薄弱的一个板块。究其原因与我国师范教育的课程体系、课程设置有关。师范生实践性知识的获得可以通过师范教育课程和教学改革来实现。     

大学生的闲暇需要及其价值

闲暇需要对大学生的全面发展有显著作用,而来自不同家庭背景的不同年级、不同专业大学生的闲暇需要则表现出多样性和差异性.理论与现实的差距表明闲暇教育的迫切性,解决之道是将闲暇教育纳入高等教育体系.     

Responding to Traumatic Events on College Campuses: A Case Study and Assessment of Student Postdisaster Anxiety

Campus communities can be severely affected by a disaster. It is, therefore, important for counselors to establish contingencies for these unexpected events. The authors present a case study outlining specific outcomes of a natural disaster. Results showed that levels of anxiety and irritability declined significantly over the course of an academic year following the event. The Conservation Resources model is used as a framework for addressing the effects of a disaster.     

高职教育服务民营经济需要解决两大问题

高职教育服务民营经济,本质上是为民营经济发展提供人力资源支持.高职教育要做好服务民营经济这篇文章,需要解决好两个问题:一是高职教育服务民营经济的定位问题:二是高职教育教学自身改革问题.     

Saving Democratic Education from Itself: Why We Need Homeschooling

We need homeschooling to save education in a liberal democracy from taking a religious form—what I call Democratic Education. Democratic Education emerges when the democratic identity and narrative become elevated to the highest priority when thinking about educating human beings. This elevation becomes particularly dangerous when other nonpolitical ends and aspects of our humanity are ignored, downplayed, or, worse, delegitimized. This article argues that three signs of this danger currently exist in educational theory and practice. First, Democratic Educators are offering a reductive view of human persons in which undue focus is placed upon those skills or educational justifications that relate to students’ political identity and capacities. Second, the liberal tradition of education that seeks to show justice to the diversity of narratives or comprehensive reasonable worldviews that exist in America is being undermined. Third, educational alternatives outside the public system are attacked by Democratic Educators and even considered politically problematic. If we want to recover more human forms of education, we need to reinvigorate more pluralistic forms of humanistic education, such as homeschooling, that nurture philosophies and practices of education that allow for a wider focus upon human flourishing. Ultimately, this is why liberal democracies need homeschooling.     

Student Involmement in University Governance: A Need for Negotiated Educational Aims?

The paper argues for the need toincrease student participation in universitygovernance, especially in relation tohigh-level decision-making concerning the aimsand mission of tertiary institutions. The paperexamines the arguments in favour of, andagainst, student participation in universitygovernance. It also provides an overview ofthe findings of recent empirical studies on thetopic. The need for a process of negotiation inthe setting of higher education aims isemphasised and several suggestions are offeredregarding ways of increasing studentinvolvement in the aims-setting process.     

Student Grades and Average Ratings of Instructional Quality: The Need for Adjustment

Abstract

The authors compared the average grades given in 165 behavioral and social science courses with the average ratings given by students to the instructors who taught the courses. Significant positive correlations were found between the average ratings for instructional quality and the average grades received by students. The courses in which the average grades were the highest were also those in which students gave teachers the highest ratings. Among possible reasons for the correlations are that better teachers attracted better students or that quality teachers provided more effective instruction, resulting in more student learning and, thus, higher average grades. Another explanation is that most college students tend to bias their ratings of instructional quality in favor of teachers who grade leniently (I. Neath, 1996). If correct, the latter reasoning begins to explain why the widespread use of student evaluations in the United States in recent decades has been accompanied by increases in the average grades that university students received. To prevent grade inflation, and particularly to avoid rewarding and promoting instructors who use increasingly lax grading standards, administrators should adjust student ratings of instructional quality for the average grades given for a course. In general, only courses near the extremely high and low ends in terms of students' average grades were significantly affected by the statistical adjustment.     

The Social Side of School: Why Teachers Need Social Psychology

Teaching and learning are fundamentally social enterprises. In attempting to understand, explain, and predict social behavior, social psychologists have amassed scores of empirically grounded, fundamental principles. Yet, many such principles have yet to be applied to classrooms despite the social nature of these settings. This article illustrates how infusing novel concepts from social psychology into teachers’ repertoires holds untapped potential to improve their pedagogy, ability to motivate students, and capacity to enrich students’ understanding of subject matter. This article first examines three domains of social psychology—social cognition, influence/persuasion, and interpersonal relations—and illustrates how applications of principles from each domain could benefit classrooms. Next, two exemplars are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of past interventions that are rooted in social psychological principles. Finally, pathways through which teacher educators can introduce new social psychological concepts and applications to teachers are explored.     

知识经济时代教师不可或缺的重要素质

教师人格在教书育人过程中对学生的人格形成、志趣、人生选择将产生重大影响，我们应当关注教师人格力量的作用，充分利用教师的人格影响力，培养学生的健康人格。因而每一个教师应当注重自己人格背景的构建，通过教师人格力量去感化和改造人，造就有理想、有知识、有能力、有事业心、有责任感的人。     

德国应用科学大学为何要进行博士生培养

高等教育大众化潮流造就了德国高等教育功能分化的格局,在此背景下,德国应用科学大学的规模得到快速增长,总体实力不断提高.在技术和生产双重革新的推动下,新兴产业对应用型人才提出了更高的知识水平和科研能力要求,而应用科学大学凭借其积累的后发优势对这些要求进行了积极回应.随着博洛尼亚进程下三级学位制的逐步实施,在应用科学大学多元化的学生结构中,读博深造的需求越来越强烈,加之应用科学大学自身科研实力的快速提升,推动了许多应用科学大学积极争取"博士授予权",朝着自主开展博士生教育的目标迈进.应用科学大学自主培养博士生是其与企业紧密联系的特色定位的强化,体现出其"转型"而非"转向"的发展趋势.     

Food Insecurity Among Community College Students: Prevalence and Association With Grade Point Average

This study investigated the prevalence of food insecurity among community college students (N = 301) and the relationship between food insecurity and student grade point average (GPA). It employed a cross-sectional intercept survey, utilizing the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Household Food Security Survey Module, student self-reported GPA, and demographic variables. The research setting was two community colleges in Maryland—one located in a low income urban area and one located in an affluent suburban area. Results demonstrate that 56% of the students in the overall sample were classified as food insecure. Students at higher risk of food insecurity included those who reported living alone and those who reported being single parents. Students identifying themselves as African American or as multiracial were also at increased risk for food insecurity. Food insecure students were more likely than food secure students to report a lower GPA (2.0–2.49) versus a higher GPA (3.5–4.0). Data suggest that food insecurity is an issue for a large percentage of the community college student sample. Food insecurity may have adverse effects on student academic performance and is a factor to be considered by college administrators, faculty, and students.     

Food Safety Knowledge and Beliefs of Middle School Children: Implications for Food Safety Educators

ABSTRACT: To create effective educational interventions that address the food safety informational needs of youth, a greater understanding of their knowledge and skills is needed. The purposes of this study were to explore, via focus groups, the food‐handling responsibilities of middle school youth and obstacles they face in practicing safe food handling and develop recommendations for the design of food safety interventions for youth. Most youth reported that they prepared food at least once weekly and rated learning to prevent foodborne illness as important. Youth knew that food could make them sick, described foodborne illness as resulting from “something” getting into food, not cooking food “right,” or the food going bad. Most responses lacked details, suggesting knowledge was basic. Nearly all were interested in learning about food safety. Barriers that deterred them from learning about food safety were time and feeling they were not susceptible to foodborne illness. To overcome barriers, youth suggested focusing on the seriousness of and risks for foodborne illness, using a serious but comical educational approach, and using hands‐on educational media. Parents highly rated the importance of and degree to which they wanted youth to learn about food safety. Parents felt that their children had moderate levels of food safety knowledge, but many questioned whether they practiced food safety procedures when unsupervised. Parents felt that food safety education needed to be taught and reinforced in school and at home. After having reviewed youth and parent data, food safety experts proposed recommendations for youth‐focused food safety education that paralleled current consumer food safety initiatives.     

研究生创新能力培养中的感性知识需求

提出人才成长渐进性理论;指出研究生创新能力不强的基本原因在于学生的感性知识太少,致使理性知识掌握太浅,难以构成创新所需的知识结构;在此基础上提出了丰富研究生感性知识的建议。     

Why Teachers and Philosophers Need Each Other: philosophy and educational research

In this paper I discuss the relationship of philosophers and philosophy to teachers and schools using my ESRC funded research into social justice as an example. Drawing on, extending, playing with and finally rejecting Schon's (1983) metaphor of the relationhip of the hard, high ground of theory to the swampy lowlands of practice, I discuss ways of keeping both perspectives in touch with each other. There is a view of educational philosophy that its role is to produce maps for the benefit of those below. I argue that this is unhelpful both to teachers and to philosophers and that philosophy as educational research will only flourish if a means is found to keep communication open about both perspectives.     

为什么需要研究性学习:追问与求证

对研究性学习的价值、合理性基础、本质与合法性问题进行批判性考察,对有关概念和观点进行追问和求证:从研究性学习兴起的社会背景的视角考察研究性学习的价值和教育意义;从认知心理学、建构主义学习理论和认识论的新发展三个维度分析研究性学习的合理性基础;探讨研究性学习的本质;指出研究性学习取得合法性地位的途径;提出对研究性学习的三点结论性认识。