From Adam Swift to Adam Smith: How the 'Invisible Hand' Overcomes Middle Class Hypocrisy

This paper challenges Richard Pring's suggestion that parents using private education may be undermining the desire for social justice and equality, using recent arguments of Adam Swift as a springboard. Swift's position on the banning of private schools, which uses a Rawlsian 'veil of ignorance' argument, is explored, and it is suggested that, if equality of opportunity is a major aim, it does not go far enough by permitting parental partiality. If the only alternative is a Platonic state, then this may be acceptable. But a neglected third scenario, drawing on the insights of Adam Smith, shows 'self-love' to be a valuable social virtue, leading to a more favourable resolution of the 'paradox of the shipwreck' than that explored by Swift. Pointers are given to evidence from developing countries and a more detailed 'veil of ignorance' argument to support this case.     

Towards universal access to all knowledge-lnternet Archive

Advances in computing and communications mean that we can cost-effectively store every book, sound recording, movie, software package, and public Web page ever created, and provide access to these collections via the Intemet to students and adults all over the world. By mostly using existing institutions and funding sources, we can build this as well as compensate authors within the current worldwide library budget. We should take advantage of our new technologies and our open societies to make a Universal Library again, and go the next step and make all knowledge easily available to every man, woman and child around the world.     

From knowledge seeking to knowledge creation: The Japanese university's challenge

Underlying the steady expansion of Japanese education is a strong public faith that success in schooling leads to a secure adult career with permanent employment in an organization. The Japanese work contract emphasizing stability and security pervades all walks of life including universities and research laboratories. This strength of the Japanese system is also its major weakness. It induces a penchant towards conformity and uniformity that sometimes conflicts with the creativity and initiative required in the best scientific and technical work. Thus, a major concern in the present reform effort is to bring greater flexibility and instability to a system that is premised on limited choice and stability. Japan's university challenge is to identify the structural reforms required to reverse the traditional focus of the educational sector. The current concern to expand graduate education, break down the chair system, expand university-industry collaboration, and increase the number of foreign researchers in Japanese laboratories is all part of the thrust for a new more stimulating educational process. But even bolder reforms are required if Japan hopes to move the educational sector to a new knowledge creation paradigm.     

海南电大海甸校区与龙华校区校园网络互联模式研究——Gateway-to-Gateway模式虚拟专用网

在当今远程教育开展得如火如荼的形势下,电大如何屹立在众多开展远程教育高校的前列,网络的发展及应用是一个关键环节。因此,探讨海南电大新老校区之间的网络互联,实现新老校区之间网络的无缝联结,是充分发挥海南电大远程网络作用的关键,是确保远程教育顺利通过网络开展的有力保障。     

从传统到和谐发展:发展理念的必然选择

和谐发展是人类社会发展的必然趋势和价值追求,但不少国家仍然没有摆脱传统发展理念,坚持片面的、狭隘的发展,发展方式不科学,致使环境恶化,贫富差距不断扩大,使和谐社会面临着严重的发展难题和困境。从我们国家来看,要推动和谐发展,必须坚持和谐发展的理念,这是实现社会主义和谐社会的应有之义和必然选择。     

从需求诱致性到强制性:独立学院政策综述

独立学院的前身为公办普通本科高校举办的民办二级学院,其发展经由了自下而上的需求诱致性制度变迁,于2003年正式进入国家教育行政管理的视野.现阶段,各行动团体的力量对比,正推动着这种被誉为"按照新机制、新模式举办的"大学,经历一场深刻的强制性制度变迁.     

从学科到学科群:知识分类体系和知识政策的视角

我国大学学科建设的重要性虽然已为大学举办者和管理者所认识,并采取了改革措施,但由于没有找到学科建设困境的真正原因——知识政策和知识分类,改革成效并不显著。知识分类体系已经具有了教育学意义,知识政策是学科分类体系的制度化体现,知识政策是造成大学学科发展困境的主要因素。知识分类体系下的知识生产模式已不能满足现代知识生产的要求,因此出现了交叉学科、新兴学科等知识生产模式。知识政策应体现知识分类这一现状并使之制度化;大学为实现三大功能,需要进行一种合目的性的学科群建设,以学科群组织人才培养模式。     

主题网关构建研究——以茶主题网关为例

主题网关是近年来兴起的一种提供精选优质资源的网络信息导航服务工具。在茶主题网关构建实验过程中,对主题网关的定义、特征和功能及构建方法进行了探讨,对信息组织技术在主题网关构建中的应用进行了分析,重点讨论了情报检索语言,如分类、主题等方法在主题网关构建中的应用,总结了茶主题网关的二次文献特征,介绍了索引方法在茶主题网关中的应用。     

论学习范式的转换——从知识行为走向自主行为

从学习认知理论入手,以建构主义的学习观与课程观为基础,结合学生知识习得的实际以及现代技术发展的要求,提出了学习范式转换的必要性。同时阐述了学习范式转换的核心应该是从简单的知识行为走向自主行为,并提出了开展有效的自主学习行为的途径。     

From declarative and procedural knowledge to the management of declarative and procedural knowledge

Research on domain-specific knowledge and general knowledge such as strategies has shown that information can indeed be available to a subject and still not be used. Several hypothesis have been set forth to explain this phenomenon; they as briefly exposed. An alternative, complementary hypothesis is then presented. It is assumed that most activities have several components organized in the form of a complex hierarchy. These interdependent components require monitoring because, at certain times, they are competing with one another for resources. Competition for resources and problems in component coordination may lead to a drop in performance. Several studies dealing with diverse knowledge domains are reviewed, which provide evidence for such resource problems. The same theoretical framework is then applied to explain several facts concerning teaching and learning: the impact of advance organizers; the instability of performance across repeated executions; some effects of social variables; the efficiency of tutoring and of taking into account the ‘proximal zone of development’. The limited cognitive capacity construct proves extremely useful in interpreting a large number of phenomena in a wide variety of domains.     

From Teacher to Teacher Educator: Reframing knowledge in practice

This paper concludes our report of an investigation of two beginning teacher educators making the transition from classroom teacher to university-based teacher educator. The authors combined case study and self-study of teacher education practices to investigate features of the institutional context they encountered, the knowledge they employed in their decision-making, and the merging of their former identities as classroom teachers with their new identities as teacher educators. Our initial paper described the theoretical framework, methodology, and two categories of findings—institutional context and shifting role identification. This paper builds on those insights by addressing the frames of understanding and knowledge employed in this transition, and how these frames informed the decisions made in the arena of teacher education practice. We also explore the implications of these findings by discussing the need for support as educators make the transition from teacher to teacher educator.     

从终身教育、全民教育到全纳教育--国际教育思潮发展趋势探析

在近期的国际教育思潮发展过程中 ,突出的有三大思潮 :终身教育、全民教育和全纳教育。这三大思潮 ,荡涤了传统教育的痼疾、弊病 ,引领了国际教育的发展走势 ,促进了各国教育的改革和发展 ,反映出国际教育发展主潮特征     

From being silenced to having a voice: when mentoring makes all the difference

Higher Education - The 2010s witnessed unparalleled policymaking and development in international higher education in China. Whilst research has shed light on the broader...     

从“减负”到“双减”:基于史密斯模型的政策执行偏差分析

基于史密斯政策执行模型,分析我国的“双减”政策面临的若干问题,发现前期出台的关于减轻中小学生过重的课业、心理负担的“减负”政策与理想化仍有一定差距,存在“越减越负”“素质”教育过度以及“想减不敢减”的问题。因此,有必要回归义务教育阶段素质教育的内涵和目的以及政策制定、执行、评价的具体过程,深入剖析前期素质教育“减负”政策执行偏差原因,如考核方式不当、违背目标群体成长规律、背离义务教育公益属性以及缺少统一的认定标准,提出要重视“双减”政策的过程考核、遵循目标群体的成长规律、营造良好的“双减”政策环境以及统一“双减”政策的认定标准。     

Finding knowledge on the Internet: implications for the knowledge-driven curriculum

This article offers a critique of Michael Young’s perspective on the Internet as it relates to the knowledge-driven curriculum he supports. I argue that the Internet is a site of both theoretical knowledge and everyday concepts which challenges the differentiation of knowledge that premises much of Young’s writing. Google searches from the perspective of a student and teacher show that theoretical knowledge with vertical links to subject and disciplinary communities as well as coherence built through links between concepts is fairly readily accessed on the Internet. The importance of information literacy for students, the critical need to curate content on the web, as well as the implications for the curriculum of framing ‘knowing’ as encompassing ‘being familiar’ and comprehending’ are highlighted.