Supporting Online AP Students: The Rural Facilitator and Considerations for Training

Online courses supplemented by on-site facilitators help many rural students pursue advanced coursework, but research is warranted to better understand facilitator role and training needs. This study examined facilitation experiences, demographic characteristics, and professional development activities of rural on-site facilitators associated with an online Advanced Placement (AP) program. Themes in qualitative data collected aligned with challenges related to facilitator role that have been documented in existing literature. One theme included facilitator engagement in direct AP instruction despite the facilitator role not requiring that responsibility. Self-reported facilitator demographic characteristics and professional development activities were then compared with those of on-site AP teachers in the same state. Results showed that facilitators demographically resembled teachers but lacked similar engagement with AP professional development. The role of facilitator excludes direct instruction, but specialized professional development like that for AP may match the needs and interests of these facilitators.     

Play and Divergent Problem Solving: Evidence Supporting a Reciprocal Relationship

A series of three studies was conducted to examine the relationship between specific forms of social and pretend play and divergent (figural and semantic) and convergent problem solving in preschool aged children. Naturalistic and experimental designs were used to provide a clearer account of the nature of the relationship between play and problem solving and to challenge the assumption that there is a single direction bf influence (play influencing problem solving) rather than the influence being complex and reciprocal. Overall, the results support a complex reciprocal causality model in which the development of divergent problem solving skills facilitates the development of play skills and vice versa.     

Problem Solving and Software Design

No abstract available for this article.     

Problem Solving:

No abstract available for this article.     

问题解决与数据驱动的学习环境设计

基于计算机的问题解决学习环境为培养学生的问题解决能力、发挥学生主体性、满足个性需求提供了可能.这类学习环境不仅要以问题解决为中心,还要具备情境性评估功能,通过学习环境和评估工具的设计让问题解决者留下丰富而且结构化的信息.基于数据驱动的设计是开发这种信息丰富存留的学习环境的恰当方式,然而在具体构建中还将面临着众多挑战:如何设计高质量的问题、如何客观表征问题、如何设计交互工具等.     

面向问题求解的设计理论(下)

问题求解是日常生活和专业工作领域中最重要的认知活动。本根据问题的结构、领域特征(抽象)和复杂性三个维度描速了问题类剐之闻的区别；然后扼要地描述了影响问艇解决的系列个体差异；最后，阐释了问道的类型。本的目的在于倡导一种问题求解的无理论，以带动更多的交流和研究，而并非给问题求解的过程提供某种确定性的答案。     

面向问题求解的设计理论(上)

问题求解是日常生活和专业工作领域中最重要的认知活动。本文根据问题的结构、领域特征(抽象)和复杂性三个维度描述了问题类别之间的区别;描述了影响问题解决的系列个体差异;阐释了问题的类型。本文的目的在于倡导一种问题求解的元理论,以带动更多的交流和研究．而并非给问题求解的过程提供某种确定性的答案。     

A Generalized Scoring Process to Measure Collaborative Problem Solving in Online Environments

Recent educational and psychological research has highlighted shifting workplace requirements and change required to equip the emerging workforce with skills for the 21st century. The emergence of these highlights the issues, and drives the importance, of new methods of assessment. This study addresses some of the issues by describing a scoring process for measuring collaborative problem solving (CPS) in online environments. The method presented, from conceptualization to implementation, centers on its generalizable application, presenting a systematic process of identifying, coding, and scoring behavior patterns in log stream data generated from assessments. Item Response Theory was used to investigate the psychometric properties of behavior patterns. The goal of this study was to present an approach that informs new measurement practices in relation to sociocognitive latent traits and their processes. The generalized scoring process provides an efficient approach to develop measures of social and cognitive skills in online environments.     

高校思想政治理论课PBL教学“问题”设计

"问题"在PBL教学中处于核心地位,而"不良结构"问题的设计更是PBL教学方法成功实施的关键。借鉴国外3C3R问题设计模型理论,明确了PBL"问题"的内涵,并结合具体实例探讨了高校思想政治理论课PBL教学中"问题"的设计方法和步骤:在确定问题设计目的的基础上,明确解决问题所需的知识点,结合一定的情境生成有效性问题,最终通过"反思"和修改完成PBL问题设计。     

以解决问题为导向的采样定理教学设计

本文从信号与系统课程中采样定理知识点着手,以教学目标为指引,从教学内容设计和课堂教学实施等方面详细阐述了如何以解决问题为导向开展课堂教学的过程,并就该知识点需要强调的一些基本思想方法进行了探讨,以突出现代高等教育的理念。     

School Science Problem Solving:

No abstract available for this article.     

数学问题解决中的元认知问卷量表的设计

数学问题解决中元认知问卷量表的设计应以数学问题解决中的元认知知识、元认知体验、元认知策略3者为基本因素.施测问卷过程中对数据进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,检验因素假设与数据之间的拟合程度.结果表明:理论假设与数据间有较好的拟合,且“三主因素九次因素”假设与数据间的拟合更佳.     

社会计划问题的求解

本主要考虑如何利用对数线性化方法解社会计划问题。以及如何利用M工具包得到其数值解．主要介绍献[2]、[3]中最新的求解方法。     

基于案例推理的问题解决

现实世界中的非良构问题是复杂多变的,致使传统的基于规则的推理与基于模型的推理不能满足这一动态的、不可控的复杂问题解决的需要。基于案例推理是认知科学专家所揭示的一种推理方式。它以其强调案例知识、情景记忆、类比推理、预期失败及经验反思等认知过程已经逐渐成为人们面向复杂问题解决的一个有效的、可信服的认知模式。该模式给教育工作带来很多启示,产生了一些关于有效地促进学习的建议。这些已经被应用至包括教育在内的某些领域的真实问题解决和学习之中。     

问题解答过程模型对考试设计的启示

本文通过分析英国剑桥评价提出的问题解答过程模型,探讨引入认知加工模型对考试设计的作用。笔者认为,运用认知加工模型有利于提高试题的质量,控制和调整试题的难度,加强考试的诊断功能,确保考试的效度。在考试设计中强化认知加工模型的理念,将成为教育考试设计的有效框架之一。     

A Case-Based Learning Environment Design for Real-World Classroom Management Problem Solving

The Instructional Design Portfolio

A Case-Based Learning Environment Design for Real-World Classroom Management Problem Solving     

从“应用题”到“解决问题”——小学数学解决问题的教育价值与教学研究

从应用题到解决问题,这绝不仅是名称上的变化.弄清楚这其中变化的实质,有助于我们更好地继承应用题教学宝贵的、成功的经验,也有助于我们更好地开展解决问题的教学.该文立足于应用题和解决问题的内涵,探讨解决问题的教育价值,并结合当今小学数学教学实际,提出了解决问题的教学建议.     

Curricular Considerations for Supporting Careers in Computer Graphics

This paper examines the needs of students who, in the past, may have chosen to major in computer science or some other aspect of information technology as a way of achieving the goal of finding a job in the computer graphics field. The growth in computer graphics has lead to increased job opportunities in the industry. However, these jobs require fluency in both art and computing that an individual course or even a sequence of several courses cannot provide. In the past, there has been discussion of curricula for isolated graphics courses as part of a BS/CS degree, but industry demands more preparation than what one or two courses can deliver. This paper surveys and compares the two extant Bachelor of Science degrees in Computer Graphics with the intent of encouraging dialog on the possibility of a four-year curriculum supporting this discipline.