汽车服务工程职教师资人才培养质量标准构建

汽车后市场规模的逐年增长,促进了汽车服务相关专业职业教育的发展,需要大量高素质汽车服务工程职教师资成为亟须解决的问题。文章中明确了职教师资人才培养质量标准制定依据;分析了汽车后市场及相关学科专业教育、汽车服务工程职教师资人才培养现状;从专业能力、普适能力和职业素质三维度标准构建了汽车服务工程职教师资人才培养质量标准。     

“Research-based” and “profession-oriented” as prominent knowledge discourses in curriculum restructuring of professional programs

This article questions what kind of actors become involved and analyzes what forms of knowledge are activated, when discourses such as “research-based” and “profession-oriented” become basic preconditions in national curriculum change processes in Norway. A “mapping” is conducted, comprised of actors and ideas, played out in two national curriculum change processes in Norway, namely “the Integrated Master Program in Teacher Education” and “the Bachelor Program in Engineering.” The analysis shows that actors and the roles they were able to play may have had an effect on what kind of knowledge forms was prioritized in the curriculum change processes. In both, curriculum process integration of discipline-based/theoretical knowledge and practical and context-specific knowledge are emphasized. However, in the teacher education process, principled knowledge about specific professional problems and theory-based decisions are highlighted as important, while, in the engineering education process, procedural knowledge about how to solve problems and innovative capacity is more emphasized. The analysis shows a relationship between such curriculum change processes and the composite “epistemology” of the wider and contextually developed policy space. It is also demonstrated, in the two cases, that the knowledge base for professional work is subject to negotiations far beyond the academic community and is embedded in a wider set of social, professional, and political institutions and frames.     

‘Powerful knowledge’ curriculum theories and the case of physics

A stream of debate (including a previous special issue of this journal (25(1) 2014)) has made claims not just for ‘bringing knowledge back in’ as the framing underpinning of the school curriculum, but that subjects associated with disciplinary and disciplined knowledge forms have a particular power and that these characteristics are important to preserve in curriculum frameworks. This paper draws on a major Australian research project studying school and university physics in the context of these arguments to revisit the issue of the ‘discipline’ of physics and the curriculum logics for physics. Given that disciplines are social in origin and changing and expanding over time, can school curriculum be logically derived from the discipline to which they relate? Are questions about student engagement only questions about pedagogy and not curriculum? Does a focus on disciplinary knowledge mean that the role of school in forming identities and values is avoidable as a significant feature of what the curriculum does? The findings from the project are used both to illustrate and test these questions, and to challenge some over-simple assumptions about the verticality of this form of knowledge for education purposes.     

The Status of Physical Education Curriculum Theory

Although too few physical education scholars have given priority to the formulation of curriculum theory, genuine progress has been made in the past quarter of a century. Recent efforts in physical education theory building are reviewed within the overall context of general curriculum theory and in historical perspective. Special attention is focused on relationships between curriculum and instruction. A selected model for physical education curricular decision-making illustrates the process of relating a physical education curriculum theory to general curriculum theory, the need for adaptation to differing value orientations, and the nature of the impact of curiculum theory on instructional decisions.     

高师院校英语专业创新人才培养与创新课程设置研究

创新人才是指具有创新意识、创新能力、创新精神和创新人格的高素质人才。培养创新人才是创新教育的目的,要培养出创新人才,首先是创新教育。课程创新是创新教育的基础,是创新人才培养的前提。高师院校英语专业实施创新教育,创新人才培养,要求我们转变继承性教育思想,树立创新人才培养的观念,注重培养创新思维和科学精神,从而推动教学内容和课程体系的创新。课程设置除了传统的语言技能课程,素质教育课程外,还应当增设教学实践课,开设开放性、创新性,多元性的专业选修课和能力创新教育课程。     

加强我校“双师型”教师队伍建设之己见

该文根据高职教育的特点,以及我校省级示范性高职的创建,指出了加强“双师型”教师队伍建设的必要性。并结合学校发展的需要,对如何建设“双师型”教师队伍所采取的途径．形成合理的“双师型”师资结构比例,建立与业务部门联系及“产学研”结合等提出建议。     

Quality Assurance in Engineering Education: Comparison of Accreditation Schemes and ISO 9001

In recent years, the world of engineering education has been changing rapidly. Emerging communication technologies offer new means of distance education, the job market is getting narrower and increasingly competitive, and numerous stakeholders are concerned about the quality of education the students receive. To offer quality assurance to interested parties and the general public, engineering faculties in the US and Canada undergo accreditation processes, fostered by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology and the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board, which are professional boards. However, some university-level institutions in Europe have turned to the ISO 9000 family of international standards as a framework for quality assurance. This paper provides an outline of these three quality assurance schemes, followed by a comparison of their common elements. It is argued that engineering faculties can establish meaningful ISO 9000 quality systems on the basis of, and integrated with, the accreditation schemes. Finally, recent European initiatives for quality assurance in engineering education are addressed.     

Sustainable development in higher education in Russia: the case of St. Petersburg State University

This article focuses on attempts to introduce elements of sustainable development education into the curriculum of one of the largest Russian universities. At St. Petersburg State University, compulsory courses relevant to sustainable development have been introduced or modified in 14 faculties out of 20 during the last decade. Examples of environmentally oriented projects within and outside the university are given. The authors touch upon the state of affairs in higher education in Russia, and write about sustainable development in a wider sense, beyond the environmental context. Sustainable development in education for Russia is one of the most important pre-requisites for sustainable development in society. A model for reforming the system of national higher education is given to illustrate possible ways of achieving sustainability in education.     

Avoiding the Hoops: A study of recognition of prior learning processes in Australian faculties of education

Recognition of prior learning (RPL) refers to recognition of non-credentialled or informal learning. In the university context, there are difficulties in determining the appropriateness and extent of experiential learning since there is no research-based modelling to guide the process. This article draws on an Australian Research Council grant project which aims to draw up research-based, nationally applicable protocols and procedures for RPL in education faculties in Australia. It concludes that there is room for greater development of procedures for recognising prior learning than exists in many faculties of education.     

Higher education curriculum orientations and the implications for institutional curriculum change

This research is based on an empirical study exploring how academics make curriculum decisions and their perceptions of the influences that shape their decisions. Interviews were held with 20 academics from diverse disciplines, who were both research active and committed to teaching. The higher education curriculum was conceptualised as a field of decision-making shaped by academics’ beliefs about educational and contextual influences. The study identified five distinctive curriculum orientations representing coherent patterns of curriculum decisions aligned with academics’ beliefs about educational purposes. Case studies are presented to elucidate each of the curriculum orientations. Curriculum orientations were also found to shape academics’ responses to educational change. The following higher education change drivers are explored: graduate employability and the skills agenda, teaching–research relationships, changing understandings about teaching and learning, educational technologies and flexible delivery. The findings suggest implications for institutional curriculum change initiatives and academic development programmes.     

基于CDIO模式开展计算机科学与技术专业校企合作人才培养

强化实践环节课程建设对工科专业学生具有重要意义。将CDIO模式引入到计算机科学与技术本科教学中来,让学生以主动的、实践的、课程之间有机联系的方式开展专业课程的学习。通过加强与企业合作,共同打造人才培养、实训平台,从而让学生能够更好的适应合作企业的需求,实现培养方案与企业人才需求的对接。     

The curriculum change process: Participants,strategies, and tactics

This investigation focuses on the participants, strategies, and tactics involved in the curriculum change process in higher education. Using the exploratory case study approach in three accredited graduate schools of business, the study identifies and describes the roles of two groups of participants: internals, (faculty, administration, students), and externals (trustees, alumni, community leaders, unions). Two basic strategies, the empirical rational and the power coercive, are found to be important approaches to curriculum change. A typology of factors is used to describe the specific methods used to implement (or resist) curriculum change. It was expected that the participants, strategies, and tactics involved in the curriculum change process in graduate schools of business would be unique. The findings suggest that strategies and tactics employed in higher education are quite similar to those employed in other organizations with respect to the process of change.     

Teachers and science curriculum materials: where we are and where we need to go

Curriculum materials serve as a key conceptual tool for science teachers, and better understanding how science teachers use these tools could help to improve both curriculum design and theory related to teacher learning and decision-making. The authors review the literature on teachers and science curriculum materials. The review is organised around three main questions: What do teachers do when using science curriculum materials?, What happens when teachers use science curriculum materials? and Why do teachers make the decisions they do? For each question, the authors first summarise the findings of two key reviews from the mathematics education literature, then situate the findings from science education in juxtaposition with those findings. The review uncovers that relatively little is understood about the mechanism underlying how teachers interact with curriculum materials. To try to address this gap, complementing and extending the field’s existing understandings of the teacher–curriculum relationship, the authors make four propositions, grounded in the literature on self-regulation. The propositions reflect a mechanism for teacher curricular decision-making. The self-regulation perspective also helps to develop more targeted support for science teachers aimed at the uptake, adaptation and enactment of curriculum materials in ways that are intended, and that teachers themselves experience as an improvement in their teaching. The authors conclude with a call for research that further explores the ways in which individual science teachers’ decision-making is situated within the wider sociocultural context.     

How teachers become action researchers in Pakistan: emerging patterns from a qualitative metasynthesis

The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of how teachers become action researchers in the context of Pakistan in view of the attempts by the Ministry of Education to reconceptualize teachers as researchers. A metasynthesis of 20 action research theses by MEd students of a private university as part of their program requirements illustrates that teachers found action research to be both complex and messy. The dual role of the teacher and researcher was difficult to balance, and teachers carried the double burden of bringing about change and creating valid knowledge in schools where the prime concerns were syllabus completion and the passing of examinations. Supervision support to enhance skills of reflection and observation is required. The study shows that teachers can learn to undertake action research provided they are offered strong support. The way forward for these reform efforts is to educate the relatively small number of teacher educators in action research to enable them to offer support to pre‐service and in‐service teachers. An additional means to bring about this change is to encourage the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan to enforce the curriculum guidelines that include action research in the teacher education curriculum.     

民族性与现代性：民族地区课程改革的误区解析

当前新课程改革背景下,民族地区学校基础教育在培养本民族成员现代意识上已经走进了以下误区：混淆了课程改革与教材改革、混淆了课程改革和教学改革以及混淆了课程改革与教育改革的关系。民族地区必须正视以上误区,才能进一步落实与推进课程改革。     

Challenging Performative Fabrication: Seeking authenticity in academic development practice

While extensive discussion has been devoted to internationalising the curriculum in a response to the presence of international students, little is known about how academic staff members perceive the presence of this student cohort. Using data collected through semi‐structured interviews with 80 academic staff from four different faculties in one higher education institution, this study investigates staff understanding regarding international students, with particular attention given to how disciplinary differences shape their responses. Findings indicate that staff from ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ disciplines hold different instructional beliefs, which then affect their teaching and learning practice. Discussions are provided on how these differing conceptions of teaching fit into the context of academic development with respect to international education.     

我国课程改革政策制定的理论障碍及其消除

在我国课程改革政策的制定中存在着三大亟需克服的理论障碍--课程研究领域长期忽视课程政策研究;教育研究者与教育决策者之间存在着两种文化的樊篱;课程理论与政策理论之间表现出游离状态.而消除理论障碍的策略在于:拓展课程研究的政策领域、认清课程政策的中介价值;实现从单纯的教育研究者到政策型研究者以及从纯粹的教育决策者到研究型决策者角色的转变;加强课程理论研究的实践问题取向与政策取向;强化课程政策制定的理论探讨.     

澳大利亚职业教育与培训的改革

通过实地考察与调研，分析了澳大利亚职业教育与培训的改革进程以及改革前后的变化，具体介绍了这种教育目前有关资格证书、专业设置以及课程体系开发的情况，对我国职业教育有重要的借鉴作用。     

浅谈工程素质教育的教学模式

本文着重论述了工程素质教育的重要性,明确培养方向及教学定位。围绕着＂培养目标上注重素质;教学内容上注重综合;思维训练上注重创新＂的理念进行教学模式的建设,构建了＂工程认识、工程实践、工程综合＂完整的工程实践课程体系。并通过工程素质调查验证了教学模式科学性和可操作性。