教师课堂反馈形式与学生学习焦虑探究

根据二语习得理论,学习者的学习情感对其语言学习结果举足轻重.动机越强,自信越高,焦虑越低,学习效果越好;反之则差.而根据社会互动理论,教师是课堂学生学习与学习结果之间的中介者.教师课堂反馈形式又是教师提供中介帮助的一个重要手段.本文以教师课堂反馈形式为自变量,学生学习焦虑为因变量,研究教师课堂反馈形式及其对降低学习焦虑的影响.     

Warmth and Demand: The Relation Between Students' Perceptions of the Classroom Environment and Achievement Growth

Theory suggests that African American students benefit from warm and demanding teachers. This study examines the relation between students' perceptions of 634 teachers' warm demander characteristics and achievement growth in fourth and fifth grades (M_{student age} = 9–11.5 years). Analyses explored whether relations were moderated by the proportion of African American students in the classroom or the ethnic match or mismatch between African American students and their teachers. Results indicated that students' perceptions of teachers' demand (challenge and control) related to student achievement growth. Findings showed a stronger relation between challenge and academic growth in classrooms with more African American students, but no significant findings were identified for ethnic match or mismatch.     

Differences Between Students' and Instructors' Perceptions of Actual and Preferred Classroom Environment in Higher Education

The College and University Classroom Environment Inventory was developed for assessing higher education students' or instructors' perceptions of the following seven dimensions of actual or preferred classroom psychosocial environment: personalisation, involvement, student cohesiveness, satisfaction, task orientation, innovation and individualisation. Each scale displayed satisfactory internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity for use in its actual and preferred forms with either perceptions of students in different classes. Use of the instrument in a study in 20 higher education classes revealed that, first, both students and instructors preferred a more favourable classroom environment than the one actually present and, second, instructors perceived the environment of their classes more positively than did their students in the same classrooms.     

英语教师课堂反馈话语对学生学习焦虑的语用研究

英语教师在组织和实施英语课堂教学时产生的话语具有情感性。教师对学生的情感态度影响着学生对英语学习的态度。通过对英语教师的课堂话语语料的分析,发现教师反馈语对学生情感态度具有一定的影响。从语用学中的言语行为理论出发,探寻了英语课堂教学中教师反馈的言语行为特点,为学生课堂上的学习焦虑现象作出描述和解释,同时验证言语行为理论的解释力,指出了有利于解决目前教师课堂反馈话语存在的主要问题的策略,认为教师应该积极运用肯定的反馈语来优化教师话语,达到英语教学的效果。     

Relations of Student Perceptions of Teacher Oral Feedback With Teacher Expectancies and Student Self-Concept

In this article, the authors investigated the relations of students’ perceptions of teachers’ oral feedback with teacher expectancies and student self-concept. A sample of 1,598 Taiwanese children in Grades 3 to 6 completed measures of student perceptions of teacher oral feedback and school self-concept. Homeroom teachers identified students for whom they had high or low expectancies. Discriminant analysis indicated student perceptions of positive and negative academic oral feedback were more important than nonacademic feedback in predicting teacher expectancies. A 2-way multivariate analysis of variance showed that boys perceived more negative oral feedback than did girls, and fifth-grade students perceived more negative oral feedback on academic and nonacademic domains than did the third- and fourth-grade students. Furthermore, structural equation modeling results indicated a particularly strong relation between positive academic oral feedback and academic self-concept.     

Students' Perceptions of Interpersonal Aspects of the Learning Environment

This study examined variables associated with differences in students' perceptions of interpersonal teacher behavior. The perceptions of 3023 students and 74 teachers in 168 classes in seven secondary schools were used in the analyses. Investigating variance at the student, class, teacher and school levels revealed that several variables are significantly related to students' perceptions: student and teacher gender, student and teacher ethnic background, student age and grade, class size, grade level, subject taught and teacher experience. There were interaction effects between some variables, such as student ethnicity and student gender, as well as student and teacher gender. While significant, the amount of variance explained by these was low (around 10%). The outcomes generally confirmed earlier research, although some new effects were found. Perhaps the main result of the study was its verification of the complex and interactive nature of students' perceptions of the learning environment and researchers' understanding of it.     

信息技术环境下提高学生课堂参与性的策略探究

长期以来学生的课堂参与性存在着若干问题,信息技术以其强大的多媒体性与交互性在提高学生课堂参与性方面存在着独特的优势,给传统的课堂教学提供了新的发展空间.利用信息技术可以创设教学情境,引发学习动机;可以化抽象为形象,促进学生理解;可以实施新的教学方式,培养学生的自主学习能力等等.     

中学生课堂环境感知的差异性——以某市为考察中心

本研究采用整班随机抽样选取某市四所普通中学的602名学生,运用＂课堂环境量表＂（CES）考察中学生课堂环境的感知差异。结果发现,（1）本研究采用的＂课堂环境量表＂（CES）简易版本三个维度在中国的课堂环境中同样具有心理测量学所需的信度和效度;（2）不同年级的学生在＂合群＂方面存有差异,这与＂个人发展维度＂里的竞争程度有关;（3）初中学生在＂参与＂和＂秩序与组织＂两方面的程度要低于高中学生,而在＂创新＂方面则相反;（4）不同组别的初中和高中学生在＂教师支持＂、＂任务定向＂、＂规则明晰＂以及＂教师控制＂方面的差异特征并不相同。     

外语课堂上的教师反馈及其对学生情感影响的研究报告

本文基于KRASHEN的情感过滤理论，以及社会互动理论的核心理念——中介作用，探索教师课堂反馈行为修正对学生自信、学习态度与兴趣及语言焦虑等情感因素影响的行动研究。研究结果显示，恰当有效的教师反馈对学生的情感发展产生积极的影响，反之则不然。不同的学生需要不同的反馈策略，同一种反馈方式对不同的学生可能产生不同的影响。而与此同时，教师本人在行动研究过程中获得许多有关课堂教学的启示，为以后的教学行为的改进提供了良好的基础。     

Teacher Caring and Classroom Behavior: Relationships with Student Affect and Perceptions of Teacher Competence and Trustworthiness

This study investigated the impact of teacher misbehaviors and caring on students' affect, teacher evaluation, and teacher competence and trustworthiness. After reading hypothetical scenarios of teachers engaging in appropriate (or inappropriate) behaviors and communicating caring (or non-caring), students reported perceptions of teacher competence and trustworthiness and affect. Results of the analysis of variance revealed significant main effects for teacher caring and appropriateness on teacher competence and trustworthiness. Although there were interaction effects, the variance accounted for was minimal. Teacher caring was also positively related to students' affect toward the course and the teacher. This study demonstrates that teachers should maintain appropriate classroom behavior and communicate caring towards students to preserve their credibility and affect in the classroom.     

Students' Perceptions of Teacher Support Across the Transition from Primary to Secondary School

This study examines the degree to which students' perceptions of teacher support are related to school type (primary versus secondary). The sample included 7,205 students from years 5 to 7 in primary school and years 8 to 10 in secondary school. Previous research has concluded that perceptions of school change negatively when students move from primary to secondary school. However, this research has been criticized for not accounting for age‐related changes in students' perception of school. Results from this study show a linear downwards tendency for perceived teacher support, with no obvious abrupt change between primary and secondary school. Our findings do not, therefore, support the idea that the transition from primary to secondary school affects students' perception of teacher support in a negative way.     

The Consequences of Teacher Praise and Criticism

A ‘visiting teacher’ gave her lesson, then asked children for evaluations of (i) how they regarded her, (ii) how they thought she regarded each of them and (iii) how they regarded themselves, so as to provide baseline measures for the study. On her next visit she formed three treatment groups by giving out her own evaluations of each child on individual cards, praising the behaviour of one third of the class, criticising another third while the remaining third received no feedback cards. The same measures were then taken a second time. From the results, children did not appear to process praise or criticism as mirror opposites. In particular, criticism appeared to be deflected into negative ratings of the teacher rather than of the self. Results are considered in terms of a selective gating hypothesis and wider implications are discussed.     

优化数学课堂教学环境,提高学生学习兴趣

数学课堂教学是学生获得知识、发展智力、提高素质的主要渠道之一。优化数学课堂的教学环境,融洽密切师生关系,激发学习兴趣,营造自主发展宽松的学习氛围,让学生在丰富多彩的教学活动中自主学习,实现在师生互动中优化数学课堂教学,真正关注学生个体,以学生为主体,让学生成为学习的主人。     

Students' Perceptions of and Satisfaction with Group Grades and the Group Experience in the College Classroom

The group approach to learning is widely accepted by higher education researchers as an effective teaching and learning tool. While there are numerous instructional, learning and social communication advantages for both students and teachers using group projects in the college classroom, a need exists for a better understanding of group projects from the student's perspective. The purpose of this investigation was to measure students' perceptions of group grades and group satisfaction on group projects in the college classroom. A cohort of 230 students from a large southern metropolitan university enrolled in sections of Group Interaction and Decision Making and Conflict Management classes participated in this study. The major findings of this study revealed that: (i) the less group grade experience that a student has, the more likely they are to agree that everyone in the group deserves the same group grade; (ii) students who work part-time are more likely to think that a group grade is a fair assessment of their contributions than students who work full-time; (iii) older students are more likely to be dissatisfied with a group grade experience than middle and younger age students. It is recommended that this study be extended to include comparison groups, graduate students and other disciplines.     

Emotional Contagion in the Classroom: The Impact of Teacher Satisfaction and Confirmation on Perceptions of Student Nonverbal Classroom Behavior

Teachers appreciate nonverbally responsive students, but what is missing is an understanding of the direct influence of teachers' self-perceptions on their perceptions of how engaged their students are in class. Using the emotional contagion theory as a lens, this study examines the premise that satisfied instructors expect students to mirror their own behaviors in the classroom through being nonverbally responsive. Results of the regression model confirm that teachers' perceptions of their own confirmation behaviors most strongly predict their perceptions of how nonverbally responsive students are in class. Thus, instructors who are more expressive will likely induce students to be more expressive, leading them to determine their students are being more nonverbally responsive. Further, expressive instructors will be more attuned to student interaction because they may subconsciously expect students to mirror their actions through nonverbal behaviors—they will look for it. Additionally, satisfied instructors view their students as satisfied and look for these feelings to be exposed via nonverbal response behaviors. Implications for teacher training and mentoring programs are discussed.     

Teacher Perceptions of Learning Motivation and Classroom Behavior: The Role of Student Characteristics

The present study investigates whether teacher perceptions of students’ cognitive skills, their learning motivation, and their classroom behavior differ according to students’ socioeconomic status, immigrant background, and gender. Data from N = 4746 German fourth graders and data from their parents and teachers were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Controlling for student achievement as measured in a standardized achievement test and student motivation as measured by student and parent reports, we found that teachers overestimated the cognitive skills of high-SES students and girls in comparison to those of low-SES students and boys. Similarly, teachers perceived high-SES students, students who are not from an immigrant background, and girls as having a higher learning motivation and as having more cognitive skills. Finally, we found that teachers’ perceptions of students’ learning motivation and classroom behavior mediated the relationship between student characteristics and cognitive skills as perceived by the teacher.     

Nurturing Mathematical Promise in a Regular Elementary Classroom: Exploring the Role of the Teacher and Classroom Environment

This article presents findings from a case study of an in-classroom program based on ability grouping for Year 2 (ages 6–7) primary (elementary) children identified as high ability in mathematics. The study examined the role of classroom setting, classroom environment, and teacher’s approach in realizing and developing mathematical promise. The teacher’s approach was found to be fundamental to revealing and developing mathematical promise. However, a large regular classroom with a range of ability, along with some common beliefs that link mathematical prowess with competence in numerical calculations and that dominate the classroom environment, pose some major challenges for the teacher as well as obstacles and threats to the development of mathematical promise. The article illuminates these issues and suggests possible solutions.     

Students' Conceptions of Learning,the Classroom Environment,and Approaches to Learning

Abstract

A model that hypothesized relationships between high school students' conceptions of learning, their percpetions of the classroom environment, and their approaches to learning was tested using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that important associations exist between conceptions of learning and approaches to learning. Students who reported qualitative and experiential conceptions were likely to use deep approaches to learning, whereas students who had quantitative conceptions of learning tended to use surface approaches. The implications of these findings for teachers and the way they function in the classroom environment are discussed.