Human Behavior Based Exploratory Model for Successful Implementation of Lean Enterprise in Industry

ABSTRACT Currently available Lean tools such as Lean Assessments, Value Stream Mapping, and Process Flow Charting focus on system requirements and overlook human behavior. A need is felt for a tool that allows one to baseline personnel, determine personnel requirements and align system requirements with personnel requirements. Our exploratory model ‐ The Personnel Behavior Based Lean Model (PBBL), attempts to ingrain the human perspective into Lean design. The model is both a result of our research into the workings of the human element in Lean production, as well as a tool for research. The model can baseline the current state of personnel and develop a strategy for behavioral change to aid Lean implementation efforts. Accumulation of historic data using the model can help to develop a human capability index in the lines of process capability index. The paper describes the development of the model and subsequent validation of the model through a case study. The case study also serves as a stepping‐stone for future work and research suggested at the end of the paper.     

精益六西格玛应用于高职教学质量提升的研究

将精益化和六西格玛有机融合并创建其理论架构,灵活应用和移植六西格玛改进（DMAIC）、精益化（Lean）和PDCA循环等重要方法,致力于构建高职院校DMAIC网络测评平台、精益化课程实施环节和 PDCA 闭环教学监控网络,形成综合系统的精益六西格玛教学质量管理体系,以期有效促进高职院校教学质量的提升。     

德国工业4.0“精益学习工厂”系统化构建与启示

德国工业4.0“精益学习工厂”以行为主义为引领,以能力本位为导向,以学习者面向工业4.0需求的能力培养为目标,通过教育界和企业界的合作,将价值链管理贯穿于整个教学过程,通过在宏观层面的学习工厂、中观层面的教学模块和微观层面的教学情境三个维度的一体化设计,实现了技术、生产、教学要素的系统整合,发展了一套致力于培养和提升学习者实践能力的系统方法,为培养学习者面向工业4.0需求的能力提供了有效途径。德国工业4.0“精益学习工厂”为我国培养面向智能工业发展需求的工程技术与管理人才提供了如下借鉴:明确面向我国智能工业发展需求的人才能力培养目标,实现实践教学机构从宏观建设运营到微观教学实施的系统化设计,借助工业4.0技术手段将价值链管理和精益生产融入教学过程以实现生产、技术和教学的深度融合。     

Teaching Lean Principles in Nonmanufacturing Settings Using a Computer Equipment Order Quotation Administrative Process

As organizations continue to expand their implementation of Lean practices, business schools and corporate training organizations have developed numerous games and simulations aimed at teaching Lean concepts in manufacturing settings. However, simulations have lagged behind the most recent adaptations of Lean outside of the factory in services, and more specifically, in office settings. In this article, we present a Lean simulation game, referred to as “Computer Solutions, Inc.” that provides participants with hands‐on experience in applying Lean principles in a nonmanufacturing setting. The simulation takes place in the order‐quote department at “Computer Solutions, Inc.,” a company that specializes in designing customized computer solutions for small businesses. The order‐quote process is purely office‐based and involves such activities as collecting information, processing information, filling out documents, and forwarding those documents to different parts of the organization. This simulation is implemented as a “pencil‐and‐paper” exercise that can be performed by students in the classroom. Our simulation brings some unique benefits that are often missing from current Lean manufacturing‐based simulations. It involves multiple rounds of Lean improvements that can span several weeks, providing students a chance to identify wastes and to make a thoughtful application of Lean tools and techniques. Students also get to experience the challenges of group dynamics that are often present in team‐based improvement efforts.     

高等学校精益化管理研究

精益化管理,是指理顺工作关系,提高运转效率,追求完美价值。提出了高校精益化管理的理念、观念、原则、要求,并主张要自觉运用精益化管理的理念,要永久树立精益化管理的观念,要坚持精益化管理,要用心深入达到要求。     

Use of Item Response Theory to develop a measure of first‐grade readiness

This paper describes the development of a measure of readiness for first grade. The Readiness Inventory (RI), consists of six items, uses a 4‐point rating scale, and has an alpha of 0.86. The RI was completed on 139 first‐grade children and analyzed using a polytomous rating scale model of Item Response Theory. The instrument shows a high level of item and case fit. Based on an item map which elucidates the latent trait of school readiness as perceived by first‐grade teachers, behaviors dealing with academic skills are less indicative of readiness than abilities dealing with role‐governed behaviors or strategic learning behaviors. The RI was then validated through the examination of two different groups of preschool children: those who underwent an intensive school readiness preparation training (the Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters or HIPPY) and those who did not participate in any such program. Scores on the RI were significantly higher for HIPPY graduates versus non‐HIPPY graduates, a breakdown by sex revealed that only HIPPY boys out‐performed their non‐HIPPY boy peers on the RI. This validation study suggests that the RI is able to discriminate between ready and not‐ready children. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

精益管理对高校师资队伍建设的启迪

精益管理关注人本精神,强调社会责任,增强进取意识。高校教师具有独特的群体特征和个性特质,表现出高、强、大、难等特点。高校师资队伍建设引入精益管理,应坚持以人为本,突出教师的主体身份、意识和价值;建立形式多样的激励机制,全员参与,群策群力;坚定方向,制定科学合理的人才队伍建设规划。     

基于精益管理理念的来华留学生管理研究

精益管理理念是提升来华留学生教育管理工作的新方法,文章提出了运用精益管理理念可以完善留学生招生、教学、生活和毕业管理程序,优化课程设置,整合学校后勤管理资源,提高留学生管理工作人员素质,以提高来华留学教育管理工作效率,减少浪费,促进来华留学生教育事业可持续发展.     

Chasing a Fault across Ship and Shore

Knowledge management (KM) in the U.S. Navy is championed as a strategic initiative to improve shipboard maintenance and troubleshooting at a distance. The approach requires capturing, coordinating, and distributing domain expertise in electronics and computer engineering via advanced information and communication technologies. Coordination must be achieved to ensure ship readiness. A potential challenge for human performance technologists is to develop robust theoretical frameworks to analyze and explain existing practice within this context. To illustrate, we present the case of U.S. naval sailors and civilian subject‐matter experts (SMEs) collaboratively troubleshooting complex shipboard radar systems across ship and shore. Adapting perspectives from organizational theory, information science, and educational psychology, we conduct a multi‐level analysis of the context of distributed knowledge and work. Findings suggest that regulative and normative restrictions, boundary spanners and objects, and disruption of coordination across system components influence practice substantively. Implications for research and practice, including a readdressing of the existing cannon of analytical frameworks are offered.     

中国大陆31个省区市土地资源人口承载力探析

土地资源人口承载力是关系粮食安全、土地合理利用、社会经济发展规模和可持续发展的重要因素,文章以中国大陆31个省区市为研究对象,从自然和经济两维度分析1997年、2012年各省市的土地资源人口承载力空间变化和区域差异特点,为土地利用合理利用提供方向。研究结果表明,31省区市总体呈承载人口潜力大于现实人口规模态势且地域差异性明显,黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古自然承载力最大,北京、天津、上海经济承载力最大,区域不均衡发展,超载与盈余并存。     

Consumer learning for university students: a case for a curriculum

This article indicates how the application of a simplified version of the analytical abstraction method (AAM) was used in curriculum development for consumer learning at one higher education institution in South Africa. We used a case study design and qualitative research methodology to generate data through semi‐structured interviews with eight learning facilitators at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. This data set forms the basis of the reported research. Application of basic‐ and higher‐level analysis resulted in the identification of patterns that confirmed the need for consumer learning and informed the situation analysis with regard to a ‘readiness climate’ at the institution. We also gained insight into aspects that need to be considered during curriculum development for consumer learning as the AAM has proved to be a useful guiding tool in developing a structured explanatory framework for curriculum development. The article concludes with the view that the promotion of consumer learning in university curricula has been under‐researched and that, despite current efforts, university curricula are slow to adopt consumer learning as a critical learning outcome. We suggest several possibilities that might assist in overcoming this inertia.     

Ready,steady, learn: school readiness and children’s voices in English early childhood settings

Internationally, school readiness is increasingly the rationale for early childhood education and care (ECEC). This is the case in England, yet the statutory English Early Years Foundation Stage framework for children 0–5 years also requires practitioners to listen to children’s voices: discourse indicates dissonance between school readiness and listening to children’s voices so this paper discusses an intrinsic case study that investigated beliefs and practices of 25 practitioners in the English midlands regarding school readiness and listening to children’s voices. In survey responses and semi-structured interviews, practitioners indicated they listen to – and act on – children’s voices but are confused about school readiness; their beliefs and practices align more strongly with social pedagogy than pre-primary schoolification. Findings carry messages for policy-makers regarding the need for coherent policy concerning the purpose of ECEC, with practitioner training and a framework aligned fully with that policy. A larger study is indicated.     

Balancing classroom ready with community ready: enabling agency to engage with community through critical service learning

Recent initial teacher education policy and regulatory frameworks privilege “classroom ready” discourses. Taking up “readiness” as technical skill requiring more “practice” leads to narrowing of teachers’ roles and efficacy with increasing pressure and regulation that marginalises ideals to equip pre-service teachers to be “community ready”. We argue that enabling preservice teacher agency to engage with community beyond notions of mastering bounded classroom practice is critical to teachers’ roles. Supporting teachers to teach in context as engaged global citizens requires a readiness of relational understanding and skills about the lived experiences of learners, and their wider community contexts. Data from a critical service learning case study highlight how preservice teacher agency to engage with community is conceptualised and experienced in simultaneously beneficial and challenging ways. These findings indicate the complex, yet necessarily significant contributions of service learning experiences to the development of preservice teacher “readiness”.     

Building community bonds,bridges, and linkages to promote the career readiness of high school students in the United States

The career readiness of high school students has been a longstanding issue that has received renewed attention in recent years. To document an approach to promoting career readiness in the United States, we conducted an exploratory case study of a distinguished information technology career academy. Using the premises of capital building as a frame of reference, we found a community who viewed career readiness as a form of investment in human capital development. As such, a network of business partners collaborated with academy staff in providing school- and work-based learning opportunities for academy students. This approach was complemented by an emphasis on the development of social capital with social bonds, bridges, and linkages in place to sustain the network identity and development.     

Teacher Readiness to Work With English Language Learners: Arizona Context

Arizona is one of six states leading the nation in English language learner (ELL) student enrollments and requiring all teachers to complete coursework in methods of teaching ELLs. This policy requirement has impacted teacher preparation programs and the field of teacher education as a whole. As such, there is a growing need to identify and evaluate factors that contribute to ELL teacher readiness. This exploratory survey study examines teacher readiness to work with ELLs in comprehensive public high schools in Arizona. This study was conducted using a survey instrument administered to in-service teachers (n?=?444). Correlation analyses indicate that there is a strong association between preservice preparation, preservice exposure to ELLs, and the feeling of readiness to serve ELLs. The findings make a strong case for further examination of preservice teacher preparation programs, in-service professional development, and their relationship to teacher readiness.     

Action learning drives the Emerald Academy

This account examines the action learning process adopted by Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., embedded in the organization through the in-company Emerald Academy. In case study format, the paper emphasizes that in order to align learning with organizational objectives joined up thinking and practice is needed beyond the learning and development function, with ownership taken of the process at all levels. To date the Emerald action learning corporate academy process is in its sixth year. It builds upon a tradition of management development through action learning which goes back to the early days of the company. Organizations seeking to develop a similar process would need to consider organizational commitment and readiness.     

Can holistic school readiness evaluations predict academic achievement and special educational needs status? Evidence from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile

This study examined the predictive validity of holistic school readiness evaluations using the ‘good level of development’ outcome from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (EYFSP). The EYFSP assesses a range of abilities at school entry including academic, language, socio-emotional, and motor skills. In particular, we examined whether the assessment predicted reading, writing, maths, and science ability two years later and future special educational needs (SEN) status (N = 3739–5768). Children who reached a good level of development had higher odds of performing at expected (vs. below expected) levels on later academic assessments. This was particularly true for children with SEN. Reaching a good level of development also increased the odds of performing at above expected (vs. expected) levels on the academic assessments and lowered the odds of requiring SEN support. This demonstrates that holistic school readiness evaluations are powerful tools that can identify ‘at risk’ children.     

Peer assessment effects on the self-assessment process of first-year undergraduates

Peers carry potential in enhancing students’ self-assessment development, but few studies have explored how peer scaffolding is enacted in the process. This qualitative study explores peer assessment effects on the self-assessment process of 11 first-year undergraduates and the factors limiting peer influence. Drawing on the data from students’ journals, follow-up interviews, observations of in-class formative peer assessment activities and teacher interviews, we ascertained that peers could aid the self-assessment process by enriching student understanding of quality, refining subjective judgement and deepening self-reflection. Yet, peer influence could be reduced by distrust, tensions in feedback communication, competition and lack of readiness for peer learning. Implications for effective use of peers in supporting self-assessment development are discussed.     

论《十二楼》倚数为文的意图

李渔的《十二楼》里存在一些比较典型的用数现象,这些数字除了表示数目的意义外,还蕴涵有几种非数字的意义。《十二楼》是古代作家有意"倚数为文"的一个明证。