Self-directed learning characteristics: making learning personal,empowering and successful

Due to the speedy emergent investigation in self-directed learning (SDL) over the past 40 years, SDL is an education technique used progressively within tertiary institutions. SDL can be well-defined in terms of the amount of accountability the student accepts for his or her own learning. The self-directed students regarding learning take control and apply self-determination to learn what they view as imperative for themselves. The amount of control the students are keen to take over their own learning will depend on their assertiveness, aptitudes and personality characteristics. The article thus explores what individual features and characteristics can define the student who is involved in SDL; What capabilities and characteristics need to be grasped by the students who are involved in SDL? Therefore, the objective of the article was to identify characteristics of the self-directed learner in the context of teacher education. Based on our conclusion, it is clear that teacher-students should challenge themselves within this process of SDL development to participate in SDL opportunities. The characteristics of SDL teacher-students must be strengthened to promote their self-directedness with regard to learning and it is also the lecturer’s task to create a class atmosphere of SDl to inculcate and develop SDL characteristics in students.     

Policies of adult education in Portugal and France: the European Agenda of validation of non-formal and informal learning

This article analyses the influence of the European Union’s educational policies on the implementation of devices for the recognition and the validation of informal and non-formal learning within public policies on education and training for adults in European Union Member States. Portugal and France are taken as examples. The European Union’s statements have influenced the development of devices for recognizing adult competences, regardless of the social, cultural and economic specificities of each country. However, sociocultural and sociopolitical characteristics influence the conditions under which recognition devices and the methods of their experimentation and generalization emerge, and are the vector of conflicts of interests between macro- and micro-sociological levels. There is at the same time a ‘culture of convergence’ impelled by the European Commission, and a process of adaptation in matters of cultural and territorialised practices, which aim to avoid marginalization. Data are drawn from official documents and interviews with people in charge of training institutions.     

开放教育中自主学习能力的形成与发展

自主学习能力的形成是“学会学习”的前提。开放教育的特点决定了学习者必须具备自主学习能力。自主学习能力的形成依赖于个体素质与环境条件的交互作用。在开放教育中,教师的作用、教育管理方法、教育环境等独特条件,都有助于发展自主学习能力。     

成人自我导向学习理论及启示

终身学习是21世纪的生存概念,人们为了生存与发展必须终身学习.自我导向学习是近年来成人教育领域发展成型的重要理论之一.文章介绍了该理论的形成过程和主要内容,阐述了成人自我导向学习能力的内涵,进而从自我导向学习理论建构的内涵中获取其对成人教育的一些启示.     

开放教育学习者英语自主学习情况的分析及对策

开放教育教学强调自主学习,要求培养学生自主学习的能力。文章主要分析了开放教育学习者英语自主学习的现状,提出有效提高开放教育学习者英语自主学习能力的相应对策,即：调动学生学习主动性,进行有效学习策略的培养和自主学习能力的训练,转变教学观念、改革教学方法,充分利用网络资源。     

Models of transformative learning for social justice: comparative case studies of non-formal development education in Britain and Spain

This paper presents comparative case studies of non-formal development education by non-profit organisations in two European countries. The study aimed to explore the extent to which such activities provide opportunities for transformative learning. The research was qualitative and began with interviews with educators across 14 organisations in Britain and Spain. Case studies were then identified, purposefully selecting interesting non-formal activities. This paper presents four activities and analyses their potential for transformative learning, drawing together ideas from the literature and the cross-case analysis of the perspectives of development education practitioners. By using the framework of transformative learning pedagogies, this research can inform non-formal education with aims regarding social justice in a range of contexts. It is argued that while there are scarce opportunities for sustained non-formal development education, these cases contribute to knowledge by providing examples of how participative methodologies can generate critical thinking and thus offer learning opportunities that are transformational.     

对远程学习者自主学习的调查与研究

本文从我国实施素质教育的要求出发，并根据远程开放教育的四大特点：开放性、适应性、多样性和高效性，对如何在开放教育条件下提高学生自主学习的质量进行了调查与研究。作者通过问卷调查，了解了目前远程学习者基于网络进行自主学习的现状，并对调查中反映的问题提出了一些思考和建议。     

国外职业院校学生自主学习研究述评

20世纪90年代以来,国外学者将自主学习研究延伸到职业教育领域.国外学者的研究表明,在职业教育中开展自主学习,培养学生的自主学习能力十分必要,但受学习环境、教师和学生等因素的影响,在自主学习实践中存在着评价与自主学习的要求不一致、学生缺乏自主学习的意愿和能力、教师对学生能否进行自主学习持怀疑态度等问题.这些研究不仅特点鲜明,而且具有重要意义,但也存在一些不足,有待进一步改进.     

对远程学习者自主学习的调查与研究

本文从我国实施素质教育的要求出发,并根据远程开放教育的四大特点开放性、适应性、多样性和高效性,对如何在开放教育条件下提高学生自主学习的质量进行了调查与研究.作者通过问卷调查,了解了目前远程学习者基于网络进行自主学习的现状,并对调查中反映的问题提出了一些思考和建议.     

成人自我导向学习与成人教育教师角色

自我导向学习是成人学习的应然选择,是未来成人学习的主导方式.成人学习方式的变化,必将引起教师教学方式的变化.基于成人的自我导向学习,成人教育教师应重塑其教师角色:培养高自我导向学习者;传播、倡导成人学习文化;消除成人学习心理障碍;促进成人深层学习;创新成人教学方法.     

自我导向性学习与教师专业发展

教师专业发展具有个体性、主动性、内在性等特征，而自我导向性学习则能很好地适应教师专业发展的这些特点。文章在介绍自我导向性学习的含义与特点的基础上，对自我导向性学习与教师专业发展的关系以及如何促进教师的自我导向性学习进行了阐述。     

Self-directed learning to develop autonomy in an online ESP community

Low foreign language achievers in vocational education often have a lack of learning strategies, a tendency to feel frustrated, and unwillingness to be involved. In order to develop vocational college students’ autonomy, this study integrated on-site workshops with an online learning community by means of self-directed learning English for specific purposes (ESP). The results show that the online ESP community developed students into autonomous learners by (1) employing resource-based approach to download learning materials for preview and review, (2) utilizing curriculum-based approach to view online photos for monitoring their role-play and interactions in the learning processes and taking e-assessment for evaluating learning progress, and (3) using technology-based approach for interacting with their peers. The students developed learner autonomy to achieve significant better learning outcomes in the post-test. It was implied that self-directed learning with little teacher intervention of integrating on-site and online learning community could develop learner autonomy in ESP.     

The power of open: benefits,barriers, and strategies for integration of open educational resources

ABSTRACT

Open Educational Resources (OER) are becoming a significant, mission-driven trend within educational literature. To help address rising costs, instructors and designers are looking to OER to effectively replace traditional instructional content, which requires more than just identify and replace. Drawing from 51 OER studies conducted in countries across the five continents, this systematic literature review explored the empirical themes evident in the current research on a global scale. This review found (1) discoverability, sustainability, and remixing are significant barriers that stand in the way of OER disrupting traditional textbook models; (2) there is no significant difference in learning outcomes when instructors incorporate OER; and (3) implementation of OER as instructional strategies is challenging but can be effective in supporting positive learning outcomes when properly designed. The paper concludes with a discussion of gaps in the literature, considerations for implementation and further directions for future research.     

远程开放教育环境下自主学习模式的探讨

随着电大远程开放教育的深入发展,加强学生自主学习能力的培养,使学生学会自主学习,提高学生参与学习的主动性和积极性,对保障教学过程顺利进行,提高教学质量具有重要意义。     

基于自我导向学习理论的成人教学策略探析

成人教育是形成终身教育体系和构建学习型社会的重要方式和保证,而我国的成人教学中却存在着教师角色错位、教学内容不实用、教学方法不适当等问题。自我导向学习可以激发成人的学习动机,赋予成人选择权,是提高成人教学效度的重要途径。因此,成人教学应汲取自我导向学习理论的精神实质,重定教师角色,尊重成人经验,形成学习契约,从而提高教学质量。     

个别化学习在开放教育中的创新途径

个别化学习作为开放教育的崭新学习模式，在入学、教学、媒体与管理等几个方面都适应了学员个体性的学习需求。它是激发学员创新能力、自主学习能力的重要手段，也是构建学习化社会，实施素质教育的有效途径。     

基于碎片化学习的远程开放教育移动学习模式探讨

人类学习方式经历了私塾求学、课堂学习及网络学习三个历史阶段,现代远程开放教育是社会发展的必然要求。移动学习(M-Learning)能够针对现代社会学习者流动分散的学习特征,利用碎片化学习方式,实现最佳学习效果,运用越来越广泛的移动学习必将成为未来学习过程中不可或缺的学习方式,是未来远程开放教育中的最佳学习模式。     

Politics,practices, and possibilities of open educational resources

In this article, I reflect on the politics, practices and possibilities of the open educational resources (OER). OER raise important implications for current and potential students, for postsecondary education institutions, and for those currently teaching in higher education. The key questions raised by OER centre on the role of teaching in learning, the potential for a shift in societal conceptualizations of learners from didactic to autodidactic beings, and what roles teachers may play in a potentially radical broadening of access to postsecondary education.     

基于自我指导学习理论的成人教育教学设计

成人学习相对于儿童学习,具有更强的自我导向性。因此,在成人教育的教学中应着重发挥成人学员自身的特点。诺尔斯的自我指导学习理论,对于指导成人教育的教学,制定适合成人学员的教学设计有积极的指导作用。