The Assessment of Learning Dispositions in the Classroom

This commentary highlights several important contributions of the Carr & Claxton article as well as issues that need further clarification. It examines the concept of dispositions as a focus of learning and assessment, the procedures proposed for assessing dispositions and the implications of different functions of assessment for the construction and use of portfolios.     

课堂语言学习互动中思辩倾向多模表征研究

基于思辩倾向理念,以会话分析为工具,结合量化分析,对课堂语言学习中思辩倾向的多模态表征及其本质进行了调查和探究。通过研究发现,在课堂语言学习互动中运用学习者通过各模态之间的相互配合与协同,能积极展开探讨,体现思辨精神。因此,课堂语言学习中思辨倾向多模表征有利于培养学生的多元听说能力。     

一种针对道路潜在安全隐患的跟踪学习方法

提出了一种对存有安全隐患车辆的跟踪学习方法,对传统的在线学习方法进行改进,通过改善学习性能,使算法在不稳定的安全隐患车辆跟踪中发挥作用,实验结果表明,在同等条件下,该算法能够获取更多有效样本,使得分类器更快收敛。     

Dispositions Toward Families and Family Involvement: Supporting Preservice Teacher Development

This article highlights the importance of nurturing preservice teachers as they develop the dispositions essential to establish empowering relationships with children’s families. The authors identify and describe several key dispositions necessary for working with families and offer suggestions for ways that these elements might be integrated into early childhood teacher preparation programs.     

基于xAPI的数字化学习过程数据跟踪

为了更好地跟踪学习者的学习情况、准确把握学习者的学习能力、客观评价学习者的学习效果,文章提出引入xAPI来解锁LMS的学习过程数据。为此,文章基于对SCORM标准跟踪原理与xAPI跟踪存储原理的对比分析,提出了同步跟踪和异步跟踪两种策略,详细解说了这两种跟踪策略的原理和实现方式,并对同步跟踪策略进行了验证。文章的研究既为数字化学习中对学习者的评估分析提供了数据支持,并可通过数据全面掌控学习者在学习过程中的综合表现,也为基于SCORM的数字化学习注入了活力。     

Fast Tracking the Learning of How to Use Neural Networks as Classifiers

This paper shows how students can quickly learn how to use neural networks as classifiers. It shows how to apply the teaching principles of problem-based learning, the inverted curriculum and action reflection to equip students to undertake a substantial classification project. The approach centers around the use of a single real-life classification problem to drive the teaching. It describes a series of experiments on the Iris data which demonstrate that it is a suitable data set to support this approach.     

Teacher Dispositions for Effective Education in the Borderlands

Teacher dispositions, attitudes, and motivation play important roles in educating students so that they are highly successful in school. This is particularly true for students in borderland areas who frequently need to negotiate two cultures, two languages, and two worlds. Using grounded theory with extant data from Tijuana and San Diego-area teachers who participated in a border pedagogy training institute, characteristics that are critical to teacher dispositions—which can make significant differences in effectiveness with students in the borderlands—have been identified.     

Dispositions as goals for teacher education

It is proposed that professional dispositions be added to professional knowledge and skills as goals for teacher education programs. Dispositions, which are defined as summaries of act frequencies or trends in behavior, are contrasted with habits, skills, attitudes, and traits. Professional dispositions are treated as “habits of mind” that give rise to the employment of skills and are ideally manifested by skillful behavior. Justifications for including dispositions in the goals of teacher education are also proposed.     

天津电大网上教学跟踪统计平台的设计与开发

随着现代远程教育和试点项目的深入进行,网络已经成为教师教学、学生学习的一个极为重要的载体,网络教学和学习已成为远程教育的“生命力”,而有效的网上教学监控是我们不断提高工作质量和效率的重要手段,天津电大通过对用户网上教学情况跟踪统计平台的设计与开发,有效的促进了天津电大系统网上教学的进行。     

论学习力与学习型领导干部的培养

在知识经济时代,“一次性学习时代”已经终结,全民学习,终身学习的学习型社会已经悄然来到,构建学习型政党,塑造学习型领导干部就成为必然。因而,正确认识领导干部学习力,深刻分析当前在领导干部学习中实际存在的问题和差距,研究如何提升学习力,培养学习型领导干部,已成为全面创建学习型政党、学习型社会的重要课题。     

Sustainable Development of the Learning City

Kaunas is the second largest city in Lithuania and has strong links with its large rural hinterland. Working from the ideas and examples in ‘Learning Cities for a Learning Century, (Longworth, 1999) and through contact with other cities that have already implemented lifelong learning concepts, the city has, since 2001, started out on the journey to become a ‘sustainable learning city.’ The process is a long, and not always a smooth, one, but the partnership between university, city administration, the learning providers and the citizens has provided insights whereby economic, social and environmental capital can grow when these stakeholders work together to improve the learning of both organisations and people. This article is the story of that journey so far, the rationale for making it, the actions the city has undertaken, the results of the research that has been carried out and the benefits that have so far accrued. The voyage is by no means over—indeed it is constantly continuing, much in the same way that a learning organisation can never stop learning lest it ceases to be one and loses its dynamic. But we believe that it is the right one for Kaunas and sets an example for others.     

Cultivating Sentimental Dispositions Through Aristotelian Habituation

The beliefs both that sentimental education is a vital part of moral education and that habituation is a vital part of sentimental education can be counted as being at the ‘hard core’ of the Aristotelian tradition of moral thought and action. On the basis of an explanation of the defining characteristics of Aristotelian habituation, this paper explores how and why habituation may be an effective way of cultivating the sentimental dispositions that are constitutive of the moral virtues. Taking Aristotle's explicit remarks on ethismos as a starting point, we present habituation as essentially involving (i) acting as virtue requires, (ii) both frequently and consistently, and (iii) under the supervision of a virtuous tutor. If the focus is on the first two characteristics, habituation seems to be a proper method for acquiring skills or inculcating habits, rather than an effective way of cultivating virtuous sentimental dispositions. It will be argued, however, that even if only the first two characteristics are taken into account, habituation may be an efficacious means of moderating, reducing or restricting the child's affective dispositions where these are somehow excessive. But contrary to Aristotle's view, the effectiveness of processes of habituation that are directed at strengthening, deepening or broadening the child's sentimental dispositions where these are somehow deficient seems to be a function of the third characteristic, especially of the affective responses of the virtuous tutor to the child's behaviour. At the end of the paper, this predominantly non‐cognitive account of the workings of Aristotelian habituation will be compared with Nancy Sherman's primarily cognitive view.     

谈研究性学习的开展

研究性学习涵盖了探究活动、表达活动和交流活动。研究性学习的目标体现在认知、技能和价值3个层面上。教师的指导是研究性学习得以顺利开展的基础。     

学习型社会:以学习求发展

20世纪60年代末到70年代早期,西方社会进入一个比较大的结构转型时期,人口、资源、发展和环境的矛盾日益突出。“学习型社会”概念的提出,是解决传统发展危机的一个选项,孕育着新的发展观。20世纪80年代末以来,“学习型社会”及其相关概念构成“新增长理论”的重要组成部分,逐步进入到各国政府和国际组织的政策文件中去,是为了应对新的挑战和发展危机。21世纪初,“学习型社会”在中国的提出和实践,也是为了应对经济社会发展遇到的新形势、新挑战、新问题。所以,学习型社会的实质就是“以学习求发展”,其具体内涵包括:以个体的学习来追求个体的发展,以组织的学习来追求组织的发展,以国家的学习来促进国家的发展;以终身的学习来追求终身的发展,以灵活的学习来追求多样的发展,以自主的学习来追求内在的发展。学习型社会建设的基本目的在于满足全体人民基本学习需求,促进全民学习、终身学习,以实践科学发展观,全面建设小康社会。     

A Multisystem Psycho-Biological Approach to the Understanding of Parental Dispositions

SYNOPSIS

Does work-family conflict influence parental behaviors and parenting-related emotional states? Through an experimental research approach, River and colleagues showed that work-family conflict influences both emotions and parental behaviors, but the effect is moderated by the quality of the intimate relationship. In this commentary, we offer an interpretation of the results congruent with the recent theoretical approaches that stress the need for a multisystem psycho-biological approach to studying the factors that regulate parenting behaviors. In this perspective, we provide complementary explanations of the observed results and suggest possible future directions for research on these topics.     

学习策略训练与英语自主学习能力培养--大学英语专业学习策略训练试验报告

学习策略在外语学习中占有重要的地位,而将学习策略与课堂教学融合起来效果如何还是个有待探讨的问题。本文采用准实验法,以自然班为实验对象,对山西师范大学2001级英语专业两个班65名学生进行了为期一年的学习策略分散培训,即在学生完成学习任务的同时对其逐步补充、训练学习策略。研究发现,学习策略的分散训练,不仅能够增强学生的策略使用意识,而且可以提高学生的学习兴趣,有效提高学生英语综合成绩且有明显的延期效果。     

在表现性学习中促进学困生的转化与发展

对学困生人们一般是以考试成绩或教学大纲为标准来界定的,对学困生的转化也往往围绕这个方面做工作。在表现性学习看来,学困生的学习困难是局部的、暂时的、动态的,每个人都有自己擅长的领域与方式,假如给他们表现的机会与平台,激发他们表现的欲望与潜能,发挥他们自身的优势,促进他们独特、多样、充分地表现,那么,人人都精彩,个个都灿烂。     

成人学习与发展及其学习策略养成

成人在走出了发展终结论的谬误规限后,迎来了崭新的学习与教育的春天。成人学习在成人的发展与成人学习的关联中呈现了鲜活的生命力,但是成人学习并不是先验地具有发展的活力,在实践领域的开拓需要我们关注成人学习策略的养成。     

高能粒子径迹漂移室的研制

介绍用于确定高能粒子径迹的蜂房状漂移室组件。每个组件包括32到128个漂移室。用一层层瓦楞状镀金Pocalon膜粘成3m长的蜂房状组件,组件中的每个六角形管腔作为漂移室阴极。在每根管的中央有一根3m长的镀金钨丝作为阳极,加有高电压。漂移室中的工作气体被高能粒子击中时电离,击中点产生的电子向阳极漂移产生信号。处理被高能粒子击中的所有漂移室的阳极信号,可以确定粒子位置,精度达50μm。本文介绍了保证漂移室精度的基本制作程序。