The Role of Democratic Governing Bodies in South African Schools

School governance reform in post-apartheid South Africa has been used instrumentally to democratise schooling and to calibrate governance functions to accommodate diverse school contexts. Through an analysis of relevant sections in legislation, the author shows how the reform was structured to allow for representative democracy and partnerships. But, drawing on two recent studies, she contends that the governance reforms failed to include measures that prevent a re-enactment of traditional South African power relations of race, class and gender at schools, and apartheid-era inequalities continue to manifest in schools. The author concludes that in general democratic school governing bodies have fallen short of the transformation vision.     

南非学校环境教育政策与策略评析

南非是一个环境问题较严重的国家。结束了种族隔离制度后,南非开始关注环境教育,以此作为解决环境问题的关键策略,并取得了较好的成绩。本文就南非环境教育政策的发展、学校环境教育课程目标、基本策略和途径等方面对南非环境教育的政策与策略作一全面的分析与评价。     

Discipline in South Australian Primary Schools

Teachers’ views on discipline in primary schools in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, were investigated using a survey instrument developed for the Elton Enquiry into school discipline in England and Wales. Results of the survey suggest that primary and junior primary teachers experience frequent but minor discipline problems in their classes and in the school yard, but that they cope with these problems reasonably well. Data are presented summarising and comparing primary and junior primary teachers’ most common discipline problems, which are the most difficult to handle, teachers’ perceptions of the seriousness of these problems, and their suggestions to improve their capacity to deal with these problems. Differences between public and teacher perceptions of discipline problems in government primary schools are exposed. The implications of several findings for teacher training and development are briefly discussed.     

Educational Assessment in Saudi Arabian Schools

This profile describes the methods of assessing pupils' learning which are currently in use in the Saudi system. It starts with some very general information on Saudi Arabia and then describes the main features of the Saudi educational system, with special reference to the structure of the curriculum, its design and its development process. It then explains the assessment itself and guidance and regulation from the Ministry of Education. It concludes with a few recommendations for the future.     

The PhD conundrum in South African academia

South African universities need more academics with PhDs, from historically disadvantaged population groups in particular, but they face a conundrum. In order to have more staff with PhDs, they need to produce more PhD graduates. But in order to produce more PhD graduates, they need more staff with PhDs to supervise. This article explores this conundrum by comparing academic qualifications with national policies and targets, by developing a quantitative profile of staff without PhDs and describing government and institutional measures to improve academic qualifications. An institution's supervisory capacity is found to be closely related to institutional history. Four main factors are identified: (a) whether or not the institution was originally established as a traditional university or as a technikon; (b) whether or not it was advantaged or disadvantaged under apartheid, which was closely related to the racial group for which it was established; (c) whether or not it was merged post 2004; and if so, (d) with what type of institution it was merged.     

南非总统姆贝基辞职

66岁的南非总统姆贝基昨日辞职,结束了长达10年的任期。姆贝基在最近的一场内部权利斗争中败给了有望接替他的雅各布·祖马及指责他不遵守社会主义原则的ANC左派人士（南非非洲人国民大会）。     

Gender and Leadership in South African Educational Administration

Between 1994 and 1999, new discourses of social justice and gender equity enabled the entry of significant numbers of women into the previously all-male domains of the educational bureaucracy. At the same time, women in one bureaucracy were leaving as fast as they were entering. This article probes this phenomenon of the simultaneous transformation of the educational administration and the apparent consolidation of earlier patriarchal forms of control, albeit on a non-racial basis. On the basis of 16 in-depth interviews conducted in the Gauteng Department of Education with key decision-makers, the article argues that these developments can be explained by the particular constructs and practices of leadership in educational administration that associate leadership and competence with masculinity, rationality and whiteness. This is evident in how interviewees framed their experience of authority and leadership, visibility and recognition and balance between public and private life. The experience overall was such as to lever women out of their positions. All interviewees drew on a range of personal and social resources to deal with the stresses and strains of working in educational administration. Black women drew strength from a belief in the collective strength and capability of women rooted in maternal feminism.     

Executivism and deanship in selected South African universities

It has been argued that traditional governance practices and decision making associated with the collegial model are no longer effective in universities, and business-like management techniques should be adopted. Dwindling resources, external demands for accountability, and increased competition for market share, have resulted in efficiency measures and increased demand for performativity. Executive leadership techniques that crept into universities during the early 1980s, referred to as ‘managerialism’ or ‘executivism’, are now widely practised. The increased focus on managerialism in the last decade has resulted in collegial crises and heightened conflicts between academics and administrators. The emergence of ‘executive deanship’ in South African higher education about a decade ago was in keeping with international trends and local demands for efficiency and performativity. With specific reference to the universities in the Gauteng province, this paper argues that the blanket introduction of executive deanship (referred to as executivism) appears not to have contributed to the envisaged operational efficiency, performance, and effectiveness, as initially claimed. Rather than fostering an enabling and empowering environment, it has added new layers of complexity to deanship pointing to a potential crisis in the advancement of the academic project. The position of dean is now more management oriented and allows little or no room for strategic intellectual and academic leadership.     

谈谈如何对中小学生进行品德评价

探讨了中小学生品德评价的四大类方法:单项评价与整体评价、多主体评价、定性评价、定量评价,对这些方法进行了评价,指出对中小学进行品德评价必须是多种方法互相补充。     

浅谈韩国学校德育中的儒家思想

韩国有着悠久的历史文化传统,它是一个以儒家思想为主要道德理念的国家,历来重视道德教育.渗透着儒家思想的韩国学校道德教育,为韩国培养了大批精忠报国的人才.本文阐述了韩国学校道德教育中的儒学思想及其所起的作用,对我国伦理道德教育提供了有益的启示.