结构·模式与投入:高等教育质量及其改进

质量的提升是我国建设高等教育强国和人力资源强国的关键,对于高等教育质量不能仅仅理解为培养质量,还应包括系统质量.因而,高等教育质量观包括宏观的视角和微观的视角.依据大量的调查材料分析表明,我国高等教育系统质量不高的关键在于:高等教育系统的结构不够合理,表现为科类、形式、类型、层次以及分布结构与我国社会经济发展需求的失衡;微观上,人才培养模式与社会需求脱节,表现为培养目标、教学计划、教学内容以及培养模式(如产学合作等)诸方面未能与时俱进;同时,由于资源的约束,高等教育质量改进难以为继.鉴于以上分析,我国高等教育质量提升的关键在于:调整结构,转换模式,加大投入.     

Family background, financial constraints and higher education attendance in China

Using data from the 2004 China College Student Survey, conducted by the author, this paper finds that long-term factors such as scholastic ability and parental education are significantly correlated with higher education attendance. By contrast, short-term financial constraints are also significantly associated with higher education access, but to a lesser degree. Furthermore, in recent years China's higher education expansion has provided broader access to students from lower income families. However, the tuition fees and “net prices” of elite universities are lower than those of medium quality universities, while the tuition fees and “net prices” of medium quality universities are lower than those of relatively low quality universities and colleges. This has led to a reverse relationship between family income and attendance costs, such that lower income families now shoulder a much higher burden for their childrens’ university education than higher income families.     

英国高等教育管理特点及其启示

以英国高等教育的发展及其管理特点为切入点,对英国当前高等教育的动态,特别是英国高等教育的特点及宏观管理机制进行了概述,并结合我国高等教育的实际,指出了英国高等教育值得借鉴的经验以及中英高等教育发展共同面临的新问题。     

优化我国高等教育投资资源配置的思考

从高等教育准公共产品的属性和目前我国高等教育所处的发展阶段来看,我国高等教育应选择计划与市场相结合的投资资源配置方式。应打破原有计划方式下政府包揽高等教育的单一投资体制,尽快建立起适应社会主义市场经济体制要求的,国家、个人、社会三者结构合理的多元化投资机制。     

Graduate employability as a professional proto-jurisdiction in higher education

Higher Education - Much research into how universities seek to support their students’ graduate employability has focused on academic strategies such as graduate attributes and...     

企业对高等教育投资的收益分析

通过对企业对高等教育投资的界定,分析了高等教育投资企业的类型,在对企业对高等教育投资形式研究的基础上,揭示了投资于高等教育为企业带来的收益,从而为企业投资指明方向,也为高等教育融资提供了明确的建议。     

The cost structure of higher education in further education colleges in England

This paper examines the cost of the increased provision of higher education courses within further education colleges in England. We believe this to be the first attempt to fit a cost function specifically to the further education sector. Cost functions for a sample of 96 colleges over a 2-year period, from 2000 to 2002, are fitted using a panel data methodology as well as stochastic frontier analysis. We compare and contrast our findings with a sample of 959 US colleges. Our findings indicate that most further education colleges are able to benefit from economies of scale. Results from both methodologies suggest the presence of product-specific economies of scale, substantial ray economies of scale and indicate that higher education classroom-based courses, such as business studies, as well as vocational courses display substantial economies of scope.     

我国西部高等教育投入的困境与对策

为解决西部高等教育资金不足问题,在加大政府教育投入力度的同时,应创新教育投入多元化的投融资体制,充分利用民间资金和资本市场,拓宽投融资渠道,以促进西部高等教育的发展。     

高等教育个人成本投资与机会成本比较分析

试用无投资风险度与带风险度的投资决策模型,采用信息论的熵值作为度量投资方案的不确定性程度(投资风险)的数量指标,计算比较两者净现值与预期收益,指出如何权衡高等教育与机会成本两者之问的关系.这种研究在我国目前高等教育人数上升、就业形武严峻及预期收益不确定的趋势下,有积极的现实意义.     

新大学运动与英国高等教育的近代化

19世纪的英国新大学运动是一场规模巨大的高等教育改革运动。在功利主义的导引之下,英国高等教育在目标与职能、学科与课程等方面做出重大调整,对古典绅士教育传统进行了必要修正,有力地推进了英国高等教育的世俗化、平民化与泛智化进程。在这场改革运动中,英国高等教育调整了古典绅士教育与实用职业教育的关系,调整了政府与社会在高等教育中的角色定位,成功实现了传统与现代的兼容。     

论贫困家庭的高等教育投资和收益

我国实行高等教育收费制度以后,贫困家庭承受着巨大的经济压力。虽然贫困家庭的投资能够获得“收益性”补偿,但也面临着种种风险。因此,高校在投入上应把贫困家庭的经济作为重要参数之一,进行相应的资源配置改革,从而提高大众高等教育的个人收益。     

高等教育投资短缺及改革路径分析

高等教育投资不足、高等教育需求膨胀和教育资源配置浪费的合力造成了高等教育投资的短缺。解决高等教育投资短缺涉及许多方面的问题,其中有两个亟需解决的问题:一是改革教育投资管理体制,建立多元化投资模式;二是优化资源配置,提高高等教育办学效益。     

Behind the Rhetoric: women academic staff in colleges of higher education in England

The paper is based on research into the position of women academic staff in a sample of colleges of higher education in England. This reveals a pattern of entrenched sexual inequality in these institutions, especially at middle and senior management levels. A similar pattern has been found in the university and polytechnic sectors of higher education. However, in the colleges there is an even greater disjunction between the sexual distribution of students and staff. The research is related to recent literature on equal opportunities in education. It is argued that the formal curriculum of equal opportunities is continually subverted by a hidden curriculum of unequal opportunities. Finally, several approaches to positive intervention are suggested.     

Collaboration and contestation in further and higher education partnerships in England: a Bourdieusian field analysis

Internationally, ‘College for All’ policies are creating new forms of vocational higher education (HE), and shifting relationships between HE and further education (FE) institutions. In this paper, we consider the way in which this is being implemented in England, drawing on a detailed qualitative case study of a regional HE–FE partnership to widen participation. We focus on the complex mix of collaboration and contestation that arose within it, and how these affected socially differentiated groups of students following high- and low-status routes through its provision. We outline Bourdieu’s concept of ‘field’ as a framework for our analysis and interpretation, including its theoretical ambiguities regarding the definition and scale of fields. Through hermeneutic dialogue between data and theory, we tentatively suggest that such partnerships represent bridges between HE and FE. These bridges are strong between higher-status institutions, but highly contested between lower-status institutions competing closely for distinction. We conclude that the trajectories and outcomes for socially disadvantaged students require attention and collective action to address the inequalities they face, and that our theoretical approach may have wider international relevance beyond the English case.     

Undergraduate non-completion in England: Some implications for the higher education system and its institutions

Conclusion Non-completion is of considerable significance to any government which is concerned to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of its national system of higher education. The study reported here shows that non-completion in England is costly. Non-completion has complex causes, some of which can be addressed by institutions and some on a supra-institutional basis: some causes are related to situations which are beyond the powers of institutions or systems to resolve. The difficulty of attributing causes of non-completion makes the non-completion rate problematic as a performance indicator. The incorporation of non-completion data into funding methodology would be likely to have pernicious side-effects, but scrutiny of institutional efforts to deal with non-completion may be a more effective approach to the reduction of non-completion.     

接受成人高等教育个人投资效益探析

就我国成人高等教育投资而言,包括政府拨款、补贴以及学校提供的教育经费的投入;管理活动中的资金投入;学生的学费等。学生个人投资效益具有间接性、长久性等特点。因此,加强重视成人高等教育投资质量,探索发挥教育投资最大效能已成为不可忽视的重要课题。     

经济欠发达地区民办高等教育的投资优势分析

经济欠发达地区虽然投资能力相对不足,但政府的政策倾斜、低物价、供给短缺、高回报率等因素会吸引众多的民间资金对高等教育的投资,最终形成局部的行业资本优势,从而使该地区民办高等教育的发展水平达到相当的高度。     

Mothers,fathers and daughters: Intergenerational transmission of education in Greece

This study explores the role of intergenerational mobility in the educational attainments of Greek women. We use data from the most recent Greek Household Budget Survey and the last three Greek censuses (1981, 1991 and 2001). For analytical and estimation purposes we utilize mobility indicators, regression analysis, decomposition techniques and conventional discrete choice models. Overall, our results point to the presence of substantial educational mobility across generations over the last 30 years. However, daughters’ educational attainment still depends, albeit to a lesser extent, on parental education and especially on mothers’ education. To address the remaining inequalities, policy needs to target families with poor parental educational and income backgrounds.     

试论中世纪英格兰贵族妇女的不动产继承权

在中世纪的英格兰，贵族妇女根据普通法在不动产继承方面享有广泛权利，此前的盎格鲁-撒克逊时代更是被史家称为“妇女的黄金时代”。但是到中世纪后期，贵族妇女的不动产继承权却被大幅削弱。究其原因，在于此项权利危及封建主（landowner）家族地产的完整性，以至赖以存在的爵位（Title）和姓氏（Surname）难以传承，这对于封建主来说无异于断嗣，故而他们一次次规避普通法以剥夺妇女的不动产继承权。本文旨在探讨中世纪英格兰贵族妇女不动产继承权的演变，以及封建主竭力削弱此项权利的原因。