准确理解马克思的公有制观及相关问题——兼论生产资料的法权占有与劳动占有

准确理解马克思的公有制观，首先必须准确理解生产资料社会化的若干含义及相互关系，其次必须准确理解生产资料的法权占有与劳动占有，区别劳动占有与劳动人员占有，马克思的公有制是劳动占有的公有制（劳动公有制）。基于这一理论前提，作者讨论了若干热点问题：公有制与社会主义本质，公有制与生产力水平，重建个人所有制，国有企业改革，股份制，个体经济，公有制为主体，公有制与计划市场，马克思的“失误”，等等。     

论《民法典》占有保护制度的民事程序对接

“占有”虽然不是权利,却具有明显的利益属性。在《民法典》已经构建了相对完善的占有保护实体法律规范的当下,我国亟须构建占有保护制度的程序法规范,从而使占有制度得到全方位、可操作的保护体系。占有之诉与占有制度本身的逻辑自洽已经在司法实践中得到印证。占有保护不问本权,因此有权占有人与无权占有人均可以在自己的占有遭到侵夺时提起占有之诉。从对物的管领状态看,直接占有人与间接占有人亦为占有之诉的权利主体。对占有之诉的具体程序设计应当是以占有保护令为先导、以简易程序为原则、以转化后的普通程序为补充的三位一体的程序体系。     

对占有概念的思考

占有是一项古老的民法制度,也是现代民法物权体系中一项特殊的、重要的法律制度。我国民法迄今未对“占有”加以规定。为了完善中国民法典,必须规定相关的占有制度。笔者认为,通过追溯占有的起源,探求占有的发展、演进,明确占有的本质和概念是十分必要的。     

农民集体土地产权权益与失地农民利益保障

1、集体所有制关于农民个人的二重规定性 根据我国《土地管理法》，“城市市区的土地属于国家所有。农村和城市郊区的土地，除由法律规定属于国家所有的以外，属于农民集体所有”。土地既然归农民集体所有，这就意味着任何个人。无论从法律意义上还是经济意义上都既是所有者，因为他是公众的一员，共同占有的权利是任何个人所拥有的那一部分所有权和一切其他人所同时拥有的所有权共同构成的；又是非所有者，因为他仅是公众的一员，作为个人所拥有的公有权只有同其他本集体成员的所有权结合、共同构成集体所有权的时候才有效。才能发挥作用。作为个人，他既没有特殊的所有权决定资本的使用，     

社会主义公有制理论的新突破

江泽民总书记在十五大报告中明确指出:“公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展,是我国社会主义初级阶段的一项基本经济制度。”“公有制经济不仅包括国有经济和集体经济,还包括混合所有制经济中的国有成分和集体成分。公有制主体地位主要体现在:公有资产在社会总资产中占优势;国有经济控制国民经济命脉,对经济发展起主导作用。”     

对占有概念的思考

占有是一项古老的民法制度，也是现代民法物权体系中一项特殊的、重要的法律制度。我国民法迄今未对“占有”加以规定。为了完善中国民法典，必须规定相关的占有制度。笔认为，通过追溯占有的起源，探求占有的发展，演进，明确占有的本质和概念是十分必要的。     

集体备课增效路径的探索

集体备课是优化课堂教学、提高课堂教学效率、提高教师业务素质,最终提高教育教学质量的重要途径。集体备课之“集体”,其最关键之处在于彰显教师群体的协作交流,共同探讨。“备课”就要体现教师的自我理念,精心设计教学过程。因此,“集体备课”应是在教师个人备课的基础上,为了更好实现教育教学目标,通过多人就某一主题或教学中的困惑、优化问题的合作与交流、共同提高的工作。     

找回失落了的“共产主义”本质

常常有人以"财产是个人自由、活力和独立的基础"为借口攻击社会主义和共产主义。马克思、恩格斯早在《共产党宣言》中就反驳了这种论调,指出作为"个人自由、活力和独立"基础的消费品个人占有制和资本的私人占有制是完全不同的两码事。共产主义要消灭的是资本的私人占有制,而不是消费品的个人占有制。相反,马克思指出,共产主义是要重建资本公有制基础上的消费品个人占有制。在这一意义上,共产主义只是人的全面发展和自由发展的基础,而不是未来社会的全部;无论是就自然,还是就人类来说,共产主义都不是"历史的终结",而是一个向在人与自身统一的基础上实现的人与人统一、人与自然统一的状态的过渡。在这一意义上,共产主义并不是一种遥不可及的梦,而是人类最近的将来能够达到的存在状态。     

论财产犯罪中“非法占有”的含义

民法中的“占有”是指占有人时于物有事实上的管领力.财产犯罪的保护法益存在本权说、占有说和修正说,其中,最为妥当的是平稳占有说.基于以上理解,财产犯罪中的“非法占有”是指行为人运用不法侵害手段严重违反法秩序,违背他人意志,破坏其对财物的“平稳的支配关系”,强行建立对财物的“新的支配关系”.     

集体备课增效路径的探索

集体备课是优化课堂教学、提高课堂教学效率、提高教师业务素质,最终提高教育教学质量的重要途径。集体备课之“集体”,其最关键之处在于彰显教师群体的协作交流,共同探讨。“备课”就要体现教师的自我理念,精心设计教学过程。因此,“集体备课”应是在教师个人备课的基础上,为了更好实现教育教学目标,通过多人就某一主题或教学中的困惑、优化问题的合作与交流、共同提高的工作。如何发挥教师群体的智慧和     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.