White Blood Cell Counts Mediate the Effects of Physical Activity on Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether white blood cell (WBC) level mediated the relationship between physical activity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Method: Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used; 1,726 U.S. adult men (aged 40 years or older) provided complete data on the study variables. Participants wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer for a 7-day period to measure their physical activity behavior, and PSA and WBC levels were obtained from a blood sample. Results: After adjustments, results showed that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was inversely associated with WBC count (b = ? .03; 95% CI [ ? 0.04, ? 0.006; p = .01), and WBC count (b = .10; 95% CI [0.009, 0.18; p = .04) was positively associated with PSA. Both the Sobel (coef. = ? .004, SE = .002; z = ? 2.0; p = .03) and the Aroian (coef. = ? .004, SE = .002; z = ? 1.9; p = .03) tests demonstrated that WBC mediated the relationship between physical activity and PSA. Additionally, among 107 participants with prostate cancer, survivors engaging in more MVPA had lower levels of WBC (b = ? .04; 95% CI [ ? 0.09, ? 0.0009; p = .04). Conclusion Physical activity may influence PSA levels through WBC modulation; however, future research is needed to determine the direction of causality. Additionally, prostate cancer survivors engaging in higher levels of MVPA had lower levels of WBC, underscoring the importance of promoting physical activity among prostate cancer survivors.     

从当代美、日两国体育院系发展看我国体育专业教育改革

市场经济改革在不断深入,息化社会在向我们走来。面对即将到来的２１世纪,我国体育院系都在积极探索改革之路,以培养２１世纪我国社会所需的体育专门人才。对一些高等教育发达国家的体育院系当前的改革进行研究无疑有着重要的现实意义。本文通过对市场经济高度发达的美国、日本体育院系８０年代以来的改革进行比较研究,希望从中探寻到一些有价值的改革思路,以推进我国高等体育专业教育的改革。１研究方法１．１文献资料法。（１）笔者于１９９５—１９９６年在日本筑波大学研修期间,利用该大学的Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ系统查阅了美国教育部…