Influences of the Digest Classification System: What Can We Know?

Robert C. Berring has called West Publishing Company's American Digest System “the key aspect of the new form of legal literature” that West and other publishers developed in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Berring argued that West's digests provided practicing lawyers not only the means for locating precedential cases, but a “paradigm for thinking about the law itself” that influenced American lawyers until the development of online legal research systems in the 1970s. This article discusses questions raised by Berring's scholarship, and examines the late nineteenth and early twentieth century legal environment in which the West digests were created and became essential research tools for American lawyers.     

Periodical Use in a University Music Library

In an effort to measure in-house use of music periodicals, a citation study based on bibliographies in theses and dissertations was conducted at the Indiana University Music Library. A total of 256 titles were cited, but only 30% were cited more than once. While the periodical literature cited by musicologists has a low rate of obsolescence, the periodicals cited by theorists and educators becomes obsolete at a rapid rate, making the rate of obsolescence for the field as a whole, fairly high, unlike other subject areas in the humanities.     

Checking Up on Court Citation Standards: How Neutral Citation Improves Public Access to Case Law

A small number of appellate courts require neutral citation, a legal citation format that frees citation to judicial decisions from adherence to particular formats or vendors. As law libraries increasingly rid their print collections of case law reporters, a gap appears in public access to the law, as many courts still require citation to print-based formats from particular commercial publishers. With widespread availability of case law in electronic formats through commercial databases and government Web sites, law librarians must continue to urge courts to consider adopting neutral citation principles to ensure greater accessibility to court opinions. This article retraces the history and quirks of neutral citation and aims to ground the arguments for more widespread adoption of neutral citation in the increasing concern over public access to the law.     

The Ladies' Home Journal, 'How America Lives' and the Limits of Cultural Diversity

Drawing upon studies of media history and print culture, this article analyzes the relationship among early-nineteenth-century Latin American periodicals, literary institutions, and new experiences of time and history. Framing these periodicals as a new medium which boomed during and immediately after the wars of independence, it underscores their impact upon forms of reading and writing, as well as their importance for concurrent and later debates on the norms governing literary institutions, including the status and definition of literature. Ultimately, this new medium gave rise not only to a new prose—which was described as accelerated and therefore ‘modern’—but also to new forms of discursive authority and to an unprecedented legitimacy for literary genres such as the novel. As such, this article departs from the nation-building paradigms that have governed studies of the Latin American nineteenth century, establishing instead a dialog between periodicals of the whole region, with an emphasis on Cuba, Chile, and the Río de la Plata.     

How Little Is Known: Finding Regulations from the First 100 Years of the United States

The task of finding 19th-century regulations is not as daunting as it might initially appear. By adapting well-worn research advice about the importance of secondary sources and indexes and by exercising a healthy dose of creativity, researchers will be better prepared either to find the sought-after regulations or to fail—but to do so with a greater understanding of the universe of existing and available documents. This article briefly examines 19th-century administrative law and its publication and identifies some of the issues facing researchers. After reviewing early attempts to help provide access to regulatory documents, this article offers suggestions for modern researchers faced with this difficult, but not impossible, research.     

Taking Paint Samples for Pigment Analysis in Nineteenth-Century England

ABSTRACT

During the nineteenth century, chemists became increasingly engaged in the conservation treatment of polychrome surfaces. While collaborations between chemists and museum workers in charge of easel painting collections were mostly oriented towards the improvement of conservation practices, the involvement of chemists in the nascent field of archaeology was oriented towards material characterization, such as pigment analysis of polychrome surfaces. Since this type of analysis is destructive and damages the artwork, it could, therefore, be assumed that chemists were in these cases less concerned with the conservation of objects with an archaeological and historical provenance. On the contrary, my new reading of nineteenth-century English primary sources reporting pigment analysis shows that chemists also had ethical concerns about the physical integrity of archaeological objects and their conservation. This is apparent in the process in which paint samples were taken from the artworks for their subsequent analysis.     

ORIGINS OF ANIMOSITY

The importance of newspapers in nineteenth-century British politics has long been recognized by historians. Lord Palmerston understood keenly the power of the press and cultivated good relations with a number of papers. This article will elucidate more thoroughly than heretofore his early forays into the world of press intrigue. Palmerston did not, however, earn the regard of The Times, at least not until much later in his career. The Times, edited by Thomas Barnes from 1817 until his death in 1841, was the most powerful newspaper of the era. This article will examine the origins of its long-running feud with Palmerston, demonstrating the personal and political differences at the heart of its inception.     

Trust v. Antitrust

SUMMARY

The legal publishing industry in the United States went through a period of rapid consolidation during the last decade of the 20th century. Almost all United States publishers are now owned by foreign conglomerates that have a vast presence in the information business. The consequences of this change and consolidation of ownership has had far-reaching effects; some are already known, but some are certainly unknown at this time. In looking at the phenomenon, this article tries to give some historical perspective on legal publishing, examines the conglomerates as businesses (a “top down” approach), considers important legislation concerning databases, and wonders at the effects all this concentrated change may have on law libraries and the patrons they serve.     

图书馆案例库及其构建方法探究

[目的/意义] 对我国图书馆案例库构建中需要明确的基本问题及其案例开发方法进行分析与讨论,以推进案例库建设,提高案例质量。[方法/过程] 结合图书馆工作特点,采用类比分析方法分析图书馆案例内涵与特征、案例库的建设步骤、案例的内容层次体系,归纳图书馆案例的开发方法。[结果/结论] 图书馆案例库建设需要在明确图书馆内涵及特征的基础上,分工合作建设。图书馆案例可从经验模仿型案例、管理借鉴型案例、决策支持型案例3个层次进行开发与建设。图书馆案例开发方法可总结为"选、聚、搭、饰"4个关键动作。     

The Nineteenth-Century World of Turkic Dictionaries: An Overview

The author creates a bibliographic picture of the various Turkic-language dictionaries from the eleventh to the end of the nineteenth centuries, in various languages, and describes their structure. He then focuses specifically on printed Turkic dictionaries of the nineteenth century, discussing their historical context and a statistical survey that he conducted. A number of these dictionaries have been digitized; he examines some sites where they are accessible. In the appendix is a list of the dictionaries that he found in the course of his research.     

A Guide to Media Law Research

This article is designed to aid lawyers, students, journalists, and others who wish to research the body of law that deals with both the print and broadcast media. Specific subjects covered include first amendment constitutional law, defamation, privacy, obscenity, confidentiality of sources, access to information, and broadcasting law.     

Legal Publishing: Establishing Context through the Lens of Disruptive Innovation

ABSTRACT

As legal research tools come and go, an understanding of the continuing changes in legal publishing can provide a better understanding of those developments. One way in which law librarians can gain insight into the dynamic legal publishing world is by looking through the lens created by the innovative disruption model as proposed by Clayton Christensen almost 20 years ago. This article suggests that the Christensen model can provide valuable context to what is happening and may happen in legal publishing in the future.     

奥德博有声出版公司研究

以亚马逊旗下的奥德博（Audible）公司为研究对象,介绍美国有声读物的受众特点,梳理奥德博公司的发展历程,并重点对其有声产品开发、发行与推广环节进行深入探究。     

The Library as Publisher

This article describes a half-day preconference that focused on the library as publisher. It examined how the movement from print to online publication has impacted the roles of libraries and their ability to take on new roles as publishers. The session explored the benefits of libraries becoming publishers, and discussed Open Access, what it is and is not and its importance to libraries and scholarly communication. A detailed case study of the publishing operations of the University Library System at the University of Pittsburgh was presented as an example of a successful library publishing program. The session provided an opportunity for participants to discover ways that libraries can be involved in publishing.     

The Conservation of Plaster Casts in the Nineteenth Century

ABSTRACT

Plaster casts of ancient sculpture were widely collected by universities and museums through the nineteenth century. One of the intended functions of these casts was to preserve accurate 3D records of the sculptures, many of which were in remote locations around the world, often vulnerable to damage from weathering and vandalism. Gypsum plaster makes excellent casts, capturing fine surface details; however, it is also soft, porous, and easily damaged. This paper draws upon historical archives and patents to reveal the considerable efforts made during this period to create new techniques, recipes, and equipment to try to protect the casts. Case studies are selected primarily from the collection of casts put together by Walter Copland Perry in the 1880s, originally for the South Kensington Museum but transferred in 1907 to the British Museum. Samples were taken from a number of these casts and examined using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. These results, combined with archival evidence, demonstrate that protective coatings were carefully applied in thin coatings to many of the casts. Barium appears to have played an important part in these protective treatments and further testing is recommended to evaluate the precise nature of its role. These treatments successfully protected the delicate surfaces of the casts for many years. However, later neglect means that these casts now suffer from a range of other threats to their condition.     

科技期刊论文不当署名的特征分析及风险防范

不当署名问题已成为科技期刊撤稿最常见的原因之一.为了提高科技期刊编辑对不当署名的防范意识,本文依据《学术出版规范 期刊学术不端行为界定》,将不当署名学术不端行为分为5大方面,包括对论文所涉及的研究有实质性贡献的人排除在作者名单外,未对论文所涉及的研究有实质性贡献的人在论文中署名,未经他人同意擅自将其列入作者名单,作者排序与其对论文的实际贡献不符,提供虚假的作者职称、单位、学历、研究经历等信息.列举典型案例并对案例内容进行详细分析,界定其中的学术不端行为,并提出防范或解决方法.     

Lawyers,Archivists and Librarians

SUMMARY

Although attorneys operate within a system foreign to the world of archivists and librarians, they may become consumers of reference services. This article discusses the fundamentals of the American court system and litigation, and the ways in which information professionals and attorneys work. The author suggests a number of ways to smooth the interactions between the professions.     

Access versus Ownership

SUMMARY

This paper discusses changes in the ownership models of intellectual property and how they are shifting the way libraries provide information. The author argues that the main change in intellectual property is the way that owners distribute information, not in the sense of new media, but in the sense of new legal constructs governing distribution. The article discusses the impact on libraries of a move toward viewing information as a service that must be licensed, not bought. The potential effects of protecting intellectual property with contract law instead of copyright and property law are detailed.