我国医学期刊遵循临床试验注册制度的现状调查

临床试验注册的目的是减少临床试验报告的偏倚,提高研究的透明度和科学性。本研究调查了我国258种医学核心期刊的稿约,57种(22.1%)期刊稿约中要求遵循临床试验注册制度,其中50种期刊提出了具体的著录要求。进一步深入探讨各期刊发表的随机对照试验(RCT)中临床试验注册号著录格式及内容的一致性和准确性,以及RCT撰写遵循CONSORT报告指南是否对著录注册号有影响。本研究结果表明目前我国医学期刊对临床试验注册和报告指南的遵循情况并不理想,报告注册的RCT仅占17.2%,仍存在对注册制度重视不足及执行不严格等问题,而期刊要求遵循CONSORT声明可能对RCT的注册有积极的影响。建议医学期刊遵循临床试验注册制度,提高对其的正确认识和重视,这需要期刊审稿人、编辑及作者的共同参与,通过提高临床试验注册的比例,进而提升研究的透明度。     

Adoption of structured abstracts by general medical journals and format for a structured abstract.

BACKGROUND: The use of a structured abstract has been recommended in reporting medical literature to quickly convey necessary information to editors and readers. The use of structured abstracts increased during the mid-1990s; however, recent practice has yet to be analyzed. OBJECTIVES: This article explored actual reporting patterns of abstracts recently published in selected medical journals and examined what these journals required of abstracts (structured or otherwise and, if structured, which format). METHODS: The top thirty journals according to impact factors noted in the "Medicine, General and Internal" category of the ISI Journal Citation Reports (2000) were sampled. Articles of original contributions published by each journal in January 2001 were examined. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the patterns of structured abstracts objectively. Journals' instructions to authors for writing an article abstract were also examined. RESULTS: Among 304 original articles that included abstracts, 188 (61.8%) had structured and 116 (38.2%) had unstructured abstracts. One hundred twenty-five (66.5%) of the abstracts used the introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) format, and 63 (33.5%) used the 8-heading format proposed by Haynes et al. Twenty-one journals requested structured abstracts in their instructions to authors; 8 journals requested the 8-heading format; and 1 journal requested it only for intervention studies. CONCLUSIONS: Even in recent years, not all abstracts of original articles are structured. The eight-heading format was neither commonly used in actual reporting patterns nor noted in journal instructions to authors.     

6种国内外神经医学期刊英文摘要结构和内容分析

归纳6种国内外神经医学期刊论著英文摘要写作结构和内容特点。结果显示:国内期刊论著均采用4项结构式摘要,而国外临床类期刊《Ann Neurol》采用结构式摘要,基础类期刊《NatNeurosci》、综合类期刊《Brain》采用非结构式摘要;与同类型国外期刊比较,国内期刊英文摘要存在篇幅较长,目的与题名、方法与结果内容重复,结论中缺乏研究意义的描述,各部分内容的表达不连贯等问题;国外期刊比较重视背景、结果和研究意义的描述。认为国内期刊可以学习国外期刊摘要形式和内容结构的多样性,加强背景及研究意义的阐述,以增强可读性和吸引力。     

The ethical issues in instructions for authors of Chinese biomedical journals

229 Chinese‐language biomedical journals from A Guide to The Core Journals of China were investigated for their guidance on 14 ethical issues. The issues of authorship, duplicate submission, privacy and confidentiality, and integrity of the data were mentioned in more than 50% of the journals. Except for the issues of authorship and protection of animals in research, significant differences were found between Chinese Medical Association Publishing House (CMAPH) journals (n = 67) and non‐CMAPH journals (n = 162) (P < 0.05). 66 of the 229 journals did not update their instructions for authors regularly. 196 journal instructions listed authorship criteria, while the other 33 did not. Clinical trial registration policy was required by 26 (11.3%) journals, among which the CONSORT statement for randomized trials was required by 23, and only one journal guided the authors to work in line with the EQUATOR Network. The study concludes that the situation of publishing ethics in the instructions for authors of Chinese biomedical journals is not favorable, and that Chinese biomedical editors should learn more about publishing ethics in order to reduce opportunities for publication problems.     

医学期刊印刷版取消关键词著录的可行性分析

鉴于国际医学期刊编辑委员会《向生物医学期刊投稿的统一要求》中有关关键词规定部分与我国国家标准不一致,本研究选取国内外知名医学期刊进行调查,分析各刊的稿约、摘要后关键词著录情况,同时对2个医学文摘型数据库PubMed及CBMdisc进行调查,以探讨医学期刊印刷版取消关键词著录的可行性.结果表明,医学期刊印刷版中不必著录关...     

应用CONSORT提高医学期刊质量

介绍更新的CONSORT中文版及相关知识,以供期刊界参考.     

中外岩土类期刊英文摘要的语态与第一人称代词分析

为深入了解岩土类论文英文表达的发展趋势,采用定量统计的方法,选择国内外6种岩土类顶级期刊上发表的文章建立英文摘要语料库,对英文摘要中的第一人称代词和语态进行对比分析.结果表明:国内岩土类期刊英文摘要中存在被动语态的过度使用现象,且第一人称代词鲜见使用;国外岩土类期刊偏爱主动语态,且大量使用第一人称代词复数主格(we).从期刊编辑部、审稿人、专业英语的授课教师与作者角度提出岩土类论文英文摘要的写作建议,以期提高我国岩土类期刊英文摘要的整体质量.     

不同文种"一稿两投"的国际规范及我国应采取的编辑政策

就生物医学论文以不同的文种、在不同的国家再次发表的行业国际规范进行调研,认定同一论文以不同的文种在国内外生物医学期刊上相继发表不属于国际生物医学期刊界违反版权法和科学道德的一稿多投行为.提出为了既有利于扩大我国高水平的生物医学科研成果在国际上的影响,又能使这些成果在国内学术期刊上有所反映,满足国内广大读者的需要, 可以将在国际生物医学期刊上发表的英文论文以中文全文再次发表在国内生物医学期刊上, 或以"述评""摘要"等多种形式在国内生物医学期刊上予以介绍.然而中文全文的再次发表必须是有选择的、有比例的,同时必须满足国际规范的各项规定和要求.     

Current findings from research on structured abstracts.

BACKGROUND: Structured abstracts were introduced into medical research journals in the mid 1980s. Since then they have been widely used in this and other contexts. AIM: The aim of this paper is to summarize the main findings from research on structured abstracts and to discuss the limitations of some aspects of this research. METHOD: A narrative literature review of all of the relevant papers known to the author was conducted. RESULTS: Structured abstracts are typically longer than traditional ones, but they are also judged to be more informative and accessible. Authors and readers also judge them to be more useful than traditional abstracts. However, not all studies use "real-life" published examples from different authors in their work, and more work needs to be done in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings generally support the notion that structured abstracts can be profitably introduced into research journals. Some arguments for this, however, have more research support than others.     

中文医学期刊应重视英文摘要的撰写

为了使中文生物医学期刊更好地实现国际学术交流,在列举医学期刊英文摘要审读中发现的7类典型问题的基础上,提出了保证英文摘要高质量的4条建议：提高编辑对英文摘要的重视程度,提高编辑的专业英文水平,加强对作者的指导,重视英文摘要的审校。     

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《全国报刊索引》摘刊量大摘文量小，而相应学科的文献期刊则相反。它们在不同程度上离期刊信息的实际离散特性。因此，用不同的检索类期刊研究与期刊信息离散性有关的同一课题时，难以得到相同的结果。检索类期刊摘刊摘文量的规范化以及采用科学的综合方法是更真实地反映期刊信息散性的有效途径。     

医学论文英文摘要格式及其写作问题

在分析原版英文医学期刊论文摘要的基础上,阐明和比较传统摘要与结构式摘要的格式和主要涵盖内容,并结合国内医学期刊讨论其有关写作问题.     

国际科技期刊视频摘要发展概况及其启示

近年来,视频摘要作为一种新兴的多模式学术形式,对提升科技期刊的学术影响力具有非常重要的意义.本文介绍视频摘要的概念、现状、特点,总结视频摘要的制作规范、技术指标和制作建议,讨论视频摘要目前存在的问题和今后的发展策略,以期为中国科技期刊视频摘要的应用提供借鉴.     

科技期刊英文摘要的编写要求

摘要应在具体、清楚、不遗漏要点的前提下尽量简洁。介绍Ei对英文摘要语体的要求，给出了缩短文摘篇幅的方法。指出对作者工作叙述不具体、背景信息和无用信息过多是我国科技期刊英文摘要中经常出现的问题，并举例说明英文摘要的修改方法。     

论跨文化传播视角下科技期刊的英译质量提升

我国科技期刊应坚持国际化的文化视野和辩证的翻译观,提高英文的信息含量,倡导"形式为内容服务",细化科技期刊英译的规范。文章推荐了英文摘要规范化的一些具体要求,并建议编辑与作者共同努力提高科技期刊英译质量及国际传播力。     

Retrieving randomized controlled trials from medline: a comparison of 38 published search filters

Background: People search medline for trials of healthcare interventions for clinical decisions, or to produce systematic reviews, practice guidelines, or technology assessments. Finding all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with little extraneous material is challenging. Objective: To provide comparative data on the operating characteristics of search filters designed to retrieve RCTs from medline . Methods: We identified 38 filters. The testing database comprises handsearching data from 161 clinical journals indexed in medline . Sensitivity, specificity and precision were calculated. Results: The number of terms and operating characteristics varied considerably. Comparing the retrieval against the single term ‘randomized controlled trials.pt.’ (sensitivity for retrieving RCTs, 93.7%), 24 of 38 filters had statistically higher sensitivity; 6 had a sensitivity of at least 99.0%. Four other filters had specificities (non retrieval of non‐RCTs) that were statistically not different or better than the single term (97.6%). Precision was poor: only two filters had precision (proportion of retrieved articles that were RCTs) statistically similar to that of the single term (56.4%)—all others were lower. Filters with more search terms often had lower specificity, especially at high sensitivities. Conclusion: Many RCT filters exist (n = 38). These comparative data can direct the choice of an RCT filter.     

中文学术期刊英文摘要审修的编辑部工作流程

以《福建农业学报》为例,从责任编辑—外审专家—英文专职编辑—同行英文专家—外籍专家这5个环节,介绍编辑部英文摘要处理流程,探讨学术刊物在英文摘要处理过程中的关键点和创新尝试,总结经验和存在的不足,并提出完善中文学术期刊英文摘要质量把关的建议.     

中文科技期刊双语出版模式及其稳定开展和优势发挥的策略——《中华消化杂志》的实践与启示

母语和英语的双语出版形式是新发展格局形势下的新需求,也是中文科技期刊实现稳定发展的有效路径。中文科技期刊应树立双语出版理念,积极探索适合自身发展的双语出版模式。《中华消化杂志》在实际探索中,坚持内容为王,积极与同行期刊合作,兼顾国内外读者需求,不仅注重原创论文的双语出版,还以中文全文或长摘要译文形式刊登我国学者在国外期刊发表的英文全文,并关注共识与指南的编译工作。建议在具体实践过程中,以英文全文来稿为主,中文稿翻译英文为辅,日常出版中重视英文长摘要撰写,围绕我国科研成果开展约稿和出版工作,借助多方平台发布,借力双语,强劲发展我国中文科技期刊,为实现汉语学术国际化不懈努力。     

Abstracting for Reference Librarians

Reference librarians, who are thoroughly familiar with the purpose, scope and arrangement of abstract journals, are uniquely qualified for the task of writing abstracts. The procedures described here offer a relatively simply way for them to write acceptable abstracts from the outset. Although research is being conducted in the area of machine generated abstracts, there will continue to be arole for human abstractors, who must determine what combination of the author's original words and/or paraphrasing best conveys the central message of the article. The completed abstract must be accurate and must include those terms and phrases that will both facilitate manual indexing and enhance free-text searching of on-line abstracts.