论刘禹锡、柳宗元贬谪创作中禽鸟意象的情感意蕴

刘禹锡与柳宗元是中唐时期的两位重要诗人,他们在生活经历和文学创作的情感表达上都有着极大的相似性。“禽鸟意象”的运用就是他们在贬谪的艺术表达上的一个共同点,他们把被贬谪的痛苦、对自由的向往 、对小人的机刺,以及强烈的怀乡思归之情,都含蕴在禽鸟意象之中,而成其贬谪创作在艺术表现上的一个鲜明特征。     

American and Chinese Early Adolescents' Inclusion of Their Relationships With Their Parents in Their Self-Construals

This research examined children's interdependent self-construals as manifest in their seeing their relationships with their parents as self-defining. Four times over early adolescence, 825 children (mean age = 12.73 years) in the United States and China reported on their inclusion of their relationships with their parents in their self-construals as well as other dimensions of their psychological functioning. Although there was continuity in children's inclusion of their relationships with their parents in their self-construals, American, but not Chinese, children decreased their inclusion over time. In both the United States and China, the more children defined themselves in terms of their relationships with their parents, the more their perceptions of the quality of these relationships mattered for their subsequent emotional functioning.     

行业特色型高校协同创新比较优势和路径选择

行业特色型高校是我国高等教育的一支重要力量,其科技创新工作面临着新挑战和发展困境。深厚的行业背景、独特的学科群优势、出色的行业影响力、共同的行业文化情怀,决定了行业特色型高校在推进协同创新过程中具有明显的比较优势。行业特色型高校的协同创新要加强与行业企业联动,在创新项目发现机制、组织管理机制、评价激励机制、利益共享机制和成果的转移转化机制等方面狠下工夫。     

Individual Inquiry Investigations in an Elementary Science Methods Course

This study explored how preservice teachers grew in their understanding of inquiry science through conducting an in-depth individual inquiry investigation in their science methods course. Elementary preservice teachers’ understanding about inquiry investigations, their attitudes towards the assignment, and their views towards using individual inquiry investigations in their own classrooms were studied through written reflections, science notebook writings, and researcher field notes. After conducting an out-of-class inquiry investigation based on their own questions and design, the preservice teachers demonstrated a variety of strengths in their understandings of inquiry-based teaching, their attitudes towards doing science, and their projected use of inquiry in their own classrooms. Weak areas included forming researchable questions and superficial experimental design.     

Teacher Beliefs in Action: A Cross-Sectional,Longitudinal Follow-Up Study of Teachers' Personal Practical Theories

Based on a cross-sectional, longitudinal follow-up study of graduates from our master's-level elementary education program, in this article we examined changes in espoused beliefs elicited in the form of personal practical theories (PPTs) of three graduates with 2, 4, and 6 years of experience teaching in the same partnership school where they did their student teaching. We compared their original PPTs collected during their teacher education program with their current PPTs elicited in follow-up interviews, and then observed their classroom practices. Case summaries of these teachers are presented, and analysis and implications focus on changes in their PPTs, how their PPTs played out in their classrooms, and perceived barriers and supports to enacting their beliefs.     

Academics’ experiences of understanding of their subject matter and the relationship of this to their experiences of teaching and learning

In this paper we focus on the issue of how academic staff experience the understanding of their subject matter and the relationship of this understanding to their experience of teaching. In recent years there has been a substantial amount of research into how academic staff conceive of teaching and learning, how they approach their teaching, and how their approaches to teaching relate to how their students approach their learning. In our present project this research is being extended by looking at the way 31 academics from four broad fields of study experience their understanding of their subject matter and how this relates to the way they experience their teaching. Using a phenomenographic approach we show that academics who experience their subject matter in atomistic and less integrated ways experience their teaching in more information transmission and teacher-focused ways, while those with a more integrated and holistic experience of understanding their subject experience their teaching in more conceptual change and student-focused ways.in final form: 9 September 2004     

学习动机与教师课堂行为的学生感知对初中聋生学习策略的影响

本研究选取初中聋生194名,采用问卷法,考察初中聋生学习策略、学习动机和教师课堂行为感知水平,并探讨其学习动机与教师课堂行为感知各因素对学习策略的影响。结果表明:(1)初中聋生在学习策略、学习动机和教师课堂行为感知上的性别差异均不显著;(2)初中聋生在学习策略中的元认知策略得分显著低于社会性策略和认知策略得分,在学习动机的内部热衷性上得分显著高于内部挑战性得分,外部奖赏得分显著高于外部认可得分,在教师课堂感知的支持性行为和教师高期望上得分均显著高于消极反馈得分。(3)学习动机和教师课堂行为感知对初中聋生学习策略影响显著,首先,在元认知策略上,内部挑战性动机、内部热衷性动机和支持性帮助行为感知的预测效果显著;其次,在认知策略上,外部奖赏动机、内部热衷性动机、内部挑战性动机和支持性帮助行为感知的预测效果显著;在社会性策略上,内部挑战性动机、内部热衷性动机、支持性帮助行为感知和消极反馈行为感知的预测效果显著。     

民国时期留学生爱国感情的生活基础--以留法官费生为例

民国时期留学生群体的一个突出特点,就是爱国感情十分浓烈,他们的留学生活与祖国的经济关系是影响他们对祖国感情的一个重要因素。留法官费生就是其中一个代表性的群体。对法国里昂中法大学档案中留学生书信的梳理表明,在当时国内政局动荡、经济凋敝的年代,国内各地政府虽也勉力扶持留学教育,但所提供的官费资助不仅数额有限,难以满足留法学生的实际需要,而且即使那些名义上享受官费保障的官费生们,也长期被欠费和经费缺乏问题所困扰,致使生活学业常发生问题,时有中辍之虞。他们在求学期间困窘的经济状况,与家乡政府勉力提供官费资助的紧密关联,使他们深深感受到国内家乡官民父老的勉力支持,使他们与祖国之间产生了休戚相关的血肉联系,从而成为激发他们爱国情感的一个重要因素。     

特殊教育何以关涉特殊儿童生活

特殊教育价值必然存在于特殊儿童生活的目的性之中。特殊儿童独特的生活意义就是在补偿缺陷这一现实生活事实之中展现着生命存在,又在超越缺陷这一可能生活的理想之中生成自我完善、创造的无限意义。特殊教育具有对特殊儿童现实生活匮乏性的补偿、改造和批判引领作用,以及超越缺陷、敞开无限发展潜能的终极关切价值。特殊教育对特殊儿童生活的影响主要是基于教育主体间对生活意义的精神关怀关系,要遵循意义世界自我内在生成和建构的逻辑,通过对特殊儿童特殊需要的引导和满足,促进他们自我选择和设计、创造可能生活。     

宋代理学家诗文的中和从容之境

宋代理学家的诗文记录了他们面对人生挫折和天地万物的态度,二者呈现出的共同之处便是源自于"心体不累于欲,无入而不自得"的中和从容之境。前者表现为以"志胜气,义处命"的涵养胸襟化解苦闷,将愤懑悲恨转换成中正和平之音,从而体现出平正从容的格调气韵。后者则因打通了物我的阻隔,故能以物观物,在寻常的生活和物事中体悟天理,其价值就在于平淡从容之中蕴含着对"理"或曰"道"的真切感悟。     

新疆城市幼儿家长教育观念的调查与问题研究

家长对孩子的期望直接影响家长的教育行为,隐藏在家长对孩子期望背后的是家长的教育观念.本调查力求通过家长对孩子的能力期望调查,探明家长的教育观念,旨在为自治区城市幼儿园开展高效的家园合作提出相应的对策与建议.     

支架理论在口译课中的应用

在口译教学中利用建构主义的支架理论,在课堂教学中和课后实践中帮助学生搭建"脚手架",制定"最临近发展区"。支持学生不断建造新的能力,有针对性地为不同的学生制定适合他们实际情况的学习目标。引导学生对训练项目做深入的理解,帮助他们培养对项目材料相关的语言和语言外障碍的处理能力和跨文化意识引导学生独立和协作学习,利用地方的既有资源优势,形成高校与企业用人单位间的交流合作,组织学生以团队合作形式进行口译实践,全面提高口译综合能力。     

对死生的探求与抉择——嵇康和阮籍生死意识之比较

面对死亡枕藉的现实历史境遇,阮籍、嵇康对死生进行着痛苦的思考与探寻,突显出他们浓烈的生死意识。在死亡的观照下,阮籍以对现实的激烈批判、否定,甚而走向幻灭的人生,但最终难以摆脱现实生命的沉重：嵇康以对现实的抨击反抗却犹肯定人生,希图在自然的怀抱中寻求闲适自得的人生,却以生命的被戕杀为代价,两者无疑都是不幸的。但两者由于其家庭背景、思想和人格追求等互有同异,他们对死生的探求与抉择亦是互有异同的,这主要表现在三个方面：一是触目伤心的死生浩叹;二是对本体生命的眷恋和对现实人生的执著;三是对个体生命有限性的超越。     

论丁玲延安时期小说中的人物形象

丁玲延安时期的小说中有两类新的人物形象。一类是将个人置身在人物所属的阶级和群体之中,其行为表现出先进性,为群体所认同,符合主旋律。另一类是作为人物所属阶级、群体中的精神觉醒者,在与包括所属阶级、群体旧的生存状态、传统影响在内的矛盾对抗中,显出强烈的个性特征。     

中国传统仕人的忧患意识研究

源远流长的忧患意识,滋养着中国传统仕人的心灵大地,促成了其治道精神和为政规范的形成。展开其中的特殊话语,可以领略到传统仕人忧己、忧民、忧君、忧政、忧天下的鲜明内心景象,对今天为政者居安思危、科学治国理政有着重要借鉴意义。     

教学中师生交往的心理动力探析

师生交往的心理动力在内部是由师生需要激发引起的 ,外部则取决于师生在交往中形成的师生之间的人际吸引的力度。在教学中 ,教师应做到 :丰富师生的角色构成 ,使每个学生都获得成功体验 ,以增强交往的主动性 ;重视信息反馈 ,强化和维持交往的心理动力 ;培养群体交往的心理动力 ,以群体行为影响个体行为 ;激发学习动机 ,促使学生内部学习性交往动力的形成 ;确立合理的教学目标 ,保证师生交往的积极性     

Primary Teachers' thinking about the English National Curriculum for science: Autobiographies,warrants, and autonomy

Primary teachers, whether or not they have a specialized background in science, hold the key to understanding how science is presently working in primary schools. This paper examines their confidence and identity as science teachers in tandem with their views on the English National Curriculum and the warrants they give for those views. Data for this study were collected by in‐depth interviews of a small sample of primary teachers, setting their views in the context of their science‐related life histories. These are presented in three ways—by biographical sketches illuminating their self‐image as science teachers; by analysis of their views on the curriculum; and by analysis of the types of knowledge they used as warrants for their views. Analysis showed that their professional self‐image and their ‘science autobiographies’ were mutually validating. Where science teaching had become embedded into their perception of themselves as teachers, their critiques of the science curriculum and their desire for autonomy in its teaching could be shown to be consistent with their values © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 1043–1056, 2000     

鸠摩罗什和严复对读者的关照及原因探究

鸠摩罗什和严复都是中国历史上的翻译大家,其译文各具特点。时代较早的鸠摩罗什译文比较直白,时间靠后的严复译文反倒典雅。本文指出,造成这种不同的原因是两位翻译家对读者的关照。翻译理论上,两位翻译家都注意到了要让读者更好地接受译文;翻译方法上,两位译者都各尽所能,照顾了心目中的读者;译名的厘定上,两位翻译家对译名的态度十分认真,采取多种方法,让读者理解源语的内涵。两位译者对读者如此关照,自有其深刻的原因。他们都有着强烈的翻译目的,原意让读者理解作品内容;他们面对的是不同的读者群,因此译文文风各异,两位译者都是学贯中西的大家,因而能自由地操控自己的表达。     

有效教师的素质构成

有效教师属于业务精干型教师,具有教学风格的个性化、教学行为的有效性、教学过程的创造性、教学评价的发展性等特征。教师的专业素质是教师在教育教学活动中表现出来的一种稳定状态,直接影响着教育教学效果,有效教师的素质构成主要包括教育信念、专业自觉、教学决策和教学智慧四个方面。     

论农村留守儿童家庭教育存在的问题及其原因

留守儿童作为一个特殊的弱势群体,在学习、心理素质、道德品质、安全等方面表现出种种问题。其家庭教育存在的问题主要有以下几个方面:家庭结构不完整,家庭的教育功能弱化;隔代教育"代沟"现象明显;教育者与受教育者角色意识模糊;留守家庭的教育缺少文化氛围。