和平、民主、面包与俄共(布)公信力的形成

第一次世界大战使俄国经济濒临崩溃,广大人民群众生活水平迅速下降,工人、农民和士兵提出了“和平、土地、面包”的要求.布尔什维克的反战政策赢得了人民群众的信任.十月革命胜利后,苏俄退出帝国主义战争,为人民群众争得了宝贵的和平喘息时机;苏维埃政权实行工人监督,把土地无偿交给农民使用,保障了人民当家做主的权利;新经济政策以粮食税代替余粮征集制,调动了农民的生产积极性,满足了农民的面包要求;文化革命坚持唯物主义,巩固了马克思主义在俄国的指导地位.     

网络民主视域下的公共政策合法性探析

从当前网络民主在中国发展的现状分析入手,论述了当前公共政策合法性危机的三大表现形式及其原因,揭示出网络民主对公共政策合法性提升的三大作用。     

'Lookism', Common Schools, Respect and Democracy

The Common School should promote a sense of the distinctive worth of all human beings. How is the respect thus owed to every individual to be properly understood? This familiar question is explored by discussing ‘lookism’, a form of discrimination on the grounds of appearance. The treatment is located within a wider analysis of stereotyping. Ultimately stereotyping overlooks persons as sources of actions with moral significance and as potential owners of moral virtues. The Common School could profitably approach traditionally emotive issues such as racism indirectly by helping students to understand in some depth how ‘lookist’ attitudes deny agency. It could then encourage students to apply these insights to traditional forms of discrimination.     

Political Philosophy and the Lessons for Faith-based Schools

What does the political philosophy of the last two decades have to teach that might shed light on proposals to increase the number and diversify the types of faith-based community schools? Liberal educators have often expressed concern about the apparent parochialism of faith-based education and favoured instead a more cosmopolitan version of education which aims to take individuals beyond the boundaries of the here and now. In this paper I shall examine ways in which political philosophers have responded to the issue of faith-based schools. These responses can broadly be categorised as liberal, communitarian or, more usually, as attempts to reconcile these two perspectives. Drawing on the moral and political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin, which states that values are plural and often irreconcilable, I shall argue the need, not for reconciliation, but for compromise. Any resolution of the debate about the desirability of faith-based schooling will have to acknowledge a need for choices between irreconcilable values, and whatever strategy is chosen will involve both gains and losses.     

Necessary Educational Reform for the 2lst Century: The Future of Public Schools in our Democracy

We offer a theoretical and ecological argument for the preparation of citizens in U.S. public schools. This democratic education draws legitimacy from the concern of the nations founders for a populace educated to govern itself. We also emphasize the need for new democratic skills and knowledge in the face of today’s challenges, and our responsibility to prepare the young for the 21st century. A critique of the current school reform movement is provided because of its undemocratic nature. We issue a call for the transformation to democratic schools. We specifically argue that current efforts at reform are maintaining historical inequities, while also depriving those that enjoy social and economic advantages of the education needed to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing world. The democratic education proposed is based on three goals: citizenship preparation, inclusion, and an optimum learning environment. Seven well established principles of democracy and their relationship to schooling are presented. These include; the nature of authority, inclusiveness, equal availability of the understanding required for deliberating the most serious challenges to democracy and livability, equal access to centers of political decision-making, guaranteed inalienable rights, equality, and universal access to an optimum learning environment. We offer a fundamentally different approach to educational reform: calling for a reassessment of the role of public schools in a democracy that recognizes the importance of citizenship preparation, and a “bottom up” reform model that starts in the classroom and can be implemented by individual teachers.     

公共政策价值观的构成、功能及整合

公共政策价值观是公共政策主体的价值取向模式。公共政策价值观的构成要素是复杂多样的，公共政策价值观的整体功能的实现可以通过交换、说服、强制等方式整合实现。     

新闻媒体、公共决策与协商民主

若使民意影响决策形成制度,公共决策应以“协商民主”理论为指导去构建公民参与网络。为有效地构建公民参于网络的体制,新闻媒体应在以下两个方面有所作为:大力实施媒介素养教育以培养公众参于公共事务的意识和能力;积极开展“公共新闻”运动为公众参与公共事务创造机会。     

美国公立中小学教师退出标准的走向及启示

由于经济形势恶化,目前美国公立中小学的教师退出问题日益严重,并引发了其他一些教育问题;人们对现有教师退出的决定标准提出了质疑;质疑显示了美国公立中小学基于绩效的教师退出标准的新走向。美国推行教师退出新标准的经验对完善我国的中小学教师聘任制提供了一些启示。