耐酸型表面活性剂YY-8的制备及性能评价

为进一步降低酸化压裂改造过程中入井液体对油藏的伤害提高酸化效果,室内合成了一种基于两性表面活性剂的酸液起泡剂AEY,采用FTIR、~1HNMR谱对酸液起泡剂结构进行了表征,Warning-blender搅拌法测试起泡剂在清水及酸液中的泡沫性能;利用纳米材料与表面活性剂的复配增效作用,在不增加酸液粘度的情况下制备一种低粘低阻纳米泡沫缓速酸.利用高速摄和透射扫描电镜对其结构进行观察,并对纳米材料增强酸液泡沫性能的机理研究.测试结果表明:20%盐酸+0.5%AEY,起泡高度为452 ml,半衰期为8.2 min; 20%盐酸+0.5%AEY+1.0%纳米颗粒,起泡高度395 ml,半衰期26 min,这是由于纳米颗粒在泡沫表面形成了稳定的吸附层,从而增强了泡沫的稳定性.岩心腐蚀速率结果显示,与常规酸对比,静态反应速率下降5.4倍,动态反应速率下降16.9倍,动态反应速率常数为8.71×10~(-6),反应级数m为0.636,频率因子K_0为0.3627,活化能Ea为40.17 KJ·mol~(-1),达到了均匀布酸,缓速增效的目的.     

浅谈酸压施工中增加酸蚀裂缝导流能力的化学物质与技术

在酸压施工过程中,通过胶凝酸（稠化酸）、变粘酸、乳化酸、粘弹性表面活性剂自转向酸液体系增加酸蚀裂缝导流能力,在不同的碳酸盐岩储层中起到了增加酸蚀裂缝的穿透深度的作用,达到了油气田增产的目的。     

利用数字化实验研究硫代硫酸钠与硫酸反应速率的影响因素

利用色度计和温度传感器,研究温度、反应物浓度等对硫代硫酸钠与硫酸反应速率的影响。实验数据显示,温度每升高10K该反应速率提高1.28～1.86倍,且不同温度区间温度对速率的影响程度不同。实验数据还显示,硫代硫酸钠和硫酸的浓度变化对于反应速率的影响程度并不相同,这可能与反应分步进行有关。     

利用手持技术探究过氧化氢的分解

利用手持技术仪器测量过氧化氢分解时所引起的压强变化.通过实验比较了二氧化锰、马铃薯或干酵母作催化剂的条件下对H2O2溶液分解的影响.结果表明,增加催化剂的用量能提高分解反应的速率,增大H2O2溶液的浓度也会加快分解反应速率.对反应速率进行了线性拟合,建立了过氧化氢催化分解反应的动力学方程.     

氢气的实验室制法

一、反应原理许多金属 (如Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ等 )都能与盐酸或稀硫酸反应产生氢气 ,但从有利于控制反应速率 ,收集的气体较纯和降低成本的角度考虑 ,实验室一般选用锌 .镁与酸反应速率太快而不易控制 ,且镁价格贵 ;铁与酸反应太慢 ,实验时间长 .选用锌粒时 ,最好选用不纯且形状不规则的锌粒 ,这样可增大与酸的接触面积 ,使反应速率加快 .酸一般选用稀硫酸 .浓硫酸和硝酸都具有较强的氧化性 ,与金属反应不能产生Ｈ2 ;浓盐酸易挥发 ,使制得的Ｈ2 混有较多的ＨＣｌ气体 ;用稀盐酸时 ,随着反应进行 ,酸液温度升高 ,少量ＨＣｌ气体逸出而混…     

过二硫酸盐与碘化物反应速率和活化能测定实验的拓展研究

根据过二硫酸铵与碘化钾反应动力学研究中反应速率的测定方法,以碘化钠替代碘化钾与过二硫酸盐反应,探讨温度、浓度、催化剂对反应速率的影响,测定反应级数、速率常数及活化能.在此基础上,将该实验进行微型化研究.结果表明,微型化后的实验结果不仅与常量实验一致,而且大大节约了药品,取得了明显效果.     

过二硫酸盐与碘化物反应速率和活化能测定实验的拓展研究

根据过二硫酸铵与碘化钾反应动力学研究中反应速率的测定方法,以碘化钠替代碘化钾与过二硫酸盐反应,探讨温度、浓度、催化剂对反应速率的影响,测定反应级数、速率常数及活化能.在此基础上,将该实验进行微型化研究.结果表明,微型化后的实验结果不仅与常量实验一致,而且大大节约了药品,取得了明显效果.     

启普发生器装置的改进

启普发生器作为块状固体与液体反应产生气体的装置,其优点是操作简便,随时控制反应的进行。《无机化学实验》——氢气的制备和铜的原子量测定学生实验中,就用到了此装置。在实验过程中,随着反应的进行,葫芦状容器中酸的浓度远低于下部盛放液体容器中酸的浓度,反应后期速度很缓慢,产生的H_2量满足不了实验的需要,造成CuO还原不彻底。若重新加酸,必须停止反应,排掉稀酸液,待一切安装好后,验气,纯净后方可重新进     

试剂氧化铁与盐酸反应缓慢的原因探究

通过实验研究了试剂氧化铁与盐酸反应缓慢的原因,并提出了生锈铁钉与酸反应实验的改进建议。研究结果表明:不同来源氧化铁与稀酸反应速率的差异主要源自不同来源氧化铁之间的晶体缺陷浓度差异,试剂氧化铁具有较低的晶体缺陷浓度是其反应缓慢的主要原因;建议在生锈铁钉与盐酸的反应中,盐酸浓度为6 mol/L,盐酸用量仅淹没生锈铁钉2/3长度。     

动力学与催化反应的研究前沿

化学动力学作为独立的一门学科已有100多年的历史。化学动力学的研究经历了从宏观化学动力学到微观化学动力学的过渡。1 化学反应动力学宏观化学动力学主要是研究化学反应速率及温度、压力、浓度、辐射、催化剂等对反应速率的影响。宏观动力学是在大量实验的基础上,根据质量作用定律,考察浓度对反应速率的影响。aA bB…→产物R=k/n……(1)     

Production of conjugated linoleic acids by Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from naturally fermented Chinese pickles

Naturally fermented pickles harbour many lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Forty-three LAB strains with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-producing ability were isolated from three naturally fermented pickle brines. Of these isolates, lp15 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by API 50 CHL system and full-length 16S rDNA sequence analysis exhibited the highest CLA-producing ability (26.1% conversion) at 48 h in de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth in the presence of 100 μg/ml of linoleic acid (LA). Compared to other strains, L. plantarum strain lp15 showed the highest tolerance upon increased levels of LA in the medium, i.e., up to 600 μg/ml. This strain converted about 25% of LA into CLA isomers [predominantly cis-9, trans-11 CLA (9-CLA) and trans-10, cis-12 CLA (10-CLA)], of which 75% was 9-CLA. Interestingly, though the conversion rate of LA into CLA by lp15 remained stable between 100 to 600 μg/ml LA levels in the medium, it dropped sharply at 1000 μg/ml. Taken together, the lp15 strain displayed relatively high LA tolerance with higher conversion rate, which implies that this strain is a valuable candidate for enhancing the CLA content in food-sources like pickles.     

Recovery of Dilute Acetic Acid by Catalytic Distillation Using NKC-9 as Catalyst

The reaction kinetics of dilute acetic acid with methanol using NKC-9 as catalyst was studied at temperatures of 308 K, 318 K, 323 K, 328 K. The kinetic model based on Langmuir-Hinshel-wood rate model was derived and the activation energy was 6.13×104 kJ/kmol. The experiment of recovery of dilute acetic acid was conducted in a packed bed catalytic distillation column. The optimal process parameters and operational conditions determined to make up to 85.9% conversion of acetic acid are as follows:the height of catalyst bed is 1 100 mm, reflux ratio is 4:1, and the ratio of methanol to acetic acid is 2:1. The method can be used as a guide in industrial scale recovery of 15%-30% dilute acetic acid.     

Kinetics of the reaction between boron trifluoride methanol complex and sodium methoxide to produce enriched <Superscript>10</Superscript>B methylborate

The relation of boron trifluoride concentration with conductivity in boron trifluoride methanol solution (BF₃-CH₃OH)was power exponent fitted in low concentration range. The kinetics of the reaction between boron trifluoride methanol complex and sodium methoxide to produce enriched ¹⁰B methylborate was proposed based on a detailed mechanism study, and was verified by acid-base titration method and conductivity method. It was found that this reaction is first order reaction and the rate constant is 0.022 min^?1 at 338 K(65 °C), the activity energy is 65 kJ/mol. In addition, it was found that the conductivity method is more feasible to measure the kinetic curve than acid-base titration method.     

光催化降解溶液中亚甲基蓝的动力学研究

以Sol-Gel法合成的TiO2为光催化剂,研究了紫外光照射下光催化降解水溶液中亚甲基蓝的动力学行为.实验结果表明:TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝的反应为一级反应,其反应速率常数为1.67×10-2min-1;亚甲基蓝的降解量随光照强度的增大而增加;催化剂的最佳用量为1.2g/L.     

FeCI_3-CuCI_2-HCI催化H_2O_2分解的动力学研究

本文研究了在FeCl_3-CuCl_2-HCl混合液催化H_2O_2分解的反应动力学。测定了25、30、35、40℃下的速率常数k,其值分别为0.01524、0.02936、0.05751、0.10233 min~(-1)。直线lnκ～1/T的线性相关系数为-0.99994。由此可知,该反应为一级反应,其活化能E_(25～40)加=98.323KJ·mol(-1)。     

柚子皮对水中六价铬的吸附性能研究

采用柚子皮制备生物吸附剂用于去除水中的Cr(VI),考察了p H值、柚子皮投加量、柚子皮粒径、溶液离子强度、反应温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液中Cr(VI)离子初始浓度15mg/L、p H 1.5、反应温度25℃、柚子皮投加量1.0g/100 m L、吸附时间7 h时,Cr(VI)离子去除率可达90%以上。柚子皮对Cr(VI)离子的吸附过程可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型来描述,吸附等温线线性相关性均较显著,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。柚子皮对水中Cr(VI)离子吸附性能较好,且运行成本低,可推广应用于水中重金属离子的治理。     

Study on US／O3 mechanism in p-chlorophenol decomposition

INTRODUCTION Due to its high oxidability, high reaction rate and absence of any secondary pollution, ozonolysis tech-nique has increasingly been used in the sanitization of drinking water, treatment of industrial wastewater and especially in the treatment of pollutants which are difficult to get rid of in biological oxidation processes. Its low dispersion rate and high cost, however, im-pede it from wider applications. In recent years, in order to improve the utilization rate of ozone, se…     

Investigation on Crystallization Kinetics of Zr-AI-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys

Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15, Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5 and Zr52.5Al10Ni14.6 Cu17.9Ti5bulk amorphous alloys were prepared by copper mould casting. The crystallization kinetics was measured by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) with different heating rates, and the activation energy was calculated using Kissinger equation. The relationship between thermal stability and rate constant of crystallization reaction is discussed on the view of crystallization kinetics, and the effect of small atom Beryllium on thermal stability of bulk amorphous alloys is also studied.     

Zr-Al基大块非晶合金的晶化动力学效应

Zr65 Al10 Ni10 Cu15, Zr52.5 Al10 Ni10 Cu15 Be12.5 and Zr52.5 Al10 Ni14.6 Cu17.9 Ti5 bulk amorphous alloys were prepared by copper mould casting. The crystallization kinetics was measured by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) with different heating rates, and the activation energy was calculated using Kissinger equation. The relationship between thermal stability and rate constant of crystallization reaction is discussed on the view of crystallization kinetics, and the effect of small atom Beryllium on thermal stability of bulk amorphous alloys is also studied.     

Optimization of elastolysis conditions and elastolytic kinetic analysis with elastase from Bacillus licheniformis ZJUEL31410

INTRODUCTION Elastases are heterogeneous with differing sub-strate specificities and catalytic mechanisms. In fact, enzymes with elastolytic activity can be found in most of the major proteolytic families, including serine, thiol, aspartic, and metallo-enzymes. Despite the differences in catalytic mechanisms, all of these elastases share a common specificity for cleaving peptide bonds associated with hydrophobic or aro-matic amino acids (Hall and Czerkawaki, 1961). Bacterial elastases b…