The Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms:

The First Edication of The Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms was published in 1974 by the American Psycholigical Association to answer the need for controlled vocabulary to represent precissely the literature of psychology and related disciplines contained in Psychological Abstracts and the PsychINFO database. As the field of psychology has grown and evolved, five subsequent editions of the Thesaurus have improved and extended the original vocabulary of 4000 postable and nonpostable terms. In addition, several featues have been added, including a rotated alphabetical terms section, scope notes, posting notes, and, in the new Sixth Edition (1991), an index term clusters option. In maintaining the Thesaurus, PsychINFO's indexing staff seeks to reflect the ever-changing field of psychology and the literature that describes it.     

Medical Subject Headings and medical terminology: an analysis of terminology used in hospital charts

Terminology used by health professionals in everyday written discourse was compared with terminology in a standardized medical vocabulary, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Fifty written hospital charts were selected at random and analyzed by a computer program that identified MeSH terms in the charts. The charts were analyzed against two related MeSH vocabularies--one containing MeSH terms and one containing both MeSH terms and backwards cross-reference terms. When small words such as articles and prepositions were disregarded, approximately 50% of the words in a medical chart were found to be MeSH-related terminology. In addition, about 40% of MeSH-related words in the charts were either MeSH terms or backwards cross-reference terms.     

Subject Headings in Spanish: The lcsh-es.org Bilingual Database

Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and the various subject heading lists in the language reflect its geographic diversity. Catalogers assigning Spanish subject headings typically must rely on a variety of different sources in different formats. The lcsh-es.org database unites several of these sources in a single search interface to simplify the work of Spanish language subject catalogers and encourage collaboration. A look at current developments suggests that high-level international agreement on linked data technology and policy bode well for the future of multilingual subject authorities.     

《中国分类主题词表》Web版人物主题词的不足与改进

《中国分类主题词表》Web版人物主题词在注释、分类、中国人名英文拼写等方面存在着一系列问题。有鉴于此,本文依据相关文献,就自己的理解,谈了一点看法和改进建议。     

Mapping the biomedical sciences using Medical Subject Headings: a comparison between MeSH co-assignments and MeSH citation pairs

Objective:This study compares two maps of biomedical sciences using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term co-assignments versus MeSH terms of citing/cited articles and reveals similarities and differences between the two approaches.Methods:MeSH terms assigned to 397,475 journal articles published in 2015, as well as their 4,632,992 cited references, were retrieved from Web of Science and MEDLINE databases, respectively, which formed over 7 million MeSH co-assignments and nearly 18 million direct citation pairs. We generated six network visualizations of biomedical science at three levels using Gephi software based on these MeSH co-assignments and citation pairs.Results:The MeSH co-assignment map contained more nodes and edges, as MeSH co-assignments cover all medical topics discussed in articles. By contrast, the MeSH citation map contained fewer but larger nodes and wider edges, as citation links indicate connections to two similar medical topics.Conclusion:These two types of maps emphasize different aspects of biomedical sciences, with MeSH co-assignment maps focusing on the relationship between topics in different categories and MeSH direct citation maps providing insights into relationships between topics in the same or similar category.     

Library of Congress Subject Headings Relating to the Social Sciences:

After a general review of the recent movement for substantial change in the patterns and use of LC subject headings, several suggestions are presented for improving LC headings in the area of the social sciences.     

Transcending Library Catalogs: A Comparative Study of Controlled Terms in Library of Congress Subject Headings and User-Generated Tags in LibraryThing for Transgender Books

Perhaps the greatest power of folksonomies, especially when set against controlled vocabularies like the Library of Congress Subject Headings, lies in their capacity to empower user communities to name their own resources in their own terms. This article analyzes the potential and limitations of both folksonomies and controlled vocabularies for transgender materials by analyzing the subject headings in WorldCat records and the user-generated tags in LibraryThing for books with transgender themes. A close examination of the subject headings and tags for twenty books on transgender topics reveals a disconnect between the language used by people who own these books and the terms authorized by the Library of Congress and assigned by catalogers to describe and organize transgender-themed books. The terms most commonly assigned by users are far less common or non-existent in WorldCat. The folksonomies also provide spaces for a multiplicity of representations, including a range of gender expressions, whereas these entities are often absent from Library of Congress Subject Headings and WorldCat. While folksonomies are democratic and respond quickly to shifts and expansions of categories, they lack control and may inhibit findability of resources. Neither tags nor subject headings are perfect systems by themselves, but they may complement each other well in library catalogs. Bringing users’ voices into catalogs through the addition of tags might greatly enhance organization, representation, and retrieval of transgender-themed materials.     

美国《国会图书馆标题表》的最新版本

The paper reviews briefly the concise history of the publication of the LC Subject Headings by means of emphatically analysing the macroscopic and microscopic structure of LCSH 11-14 and making a quantization statistics and analysis of the latest edition.Also,a pertinent review for and an approach to the way forward of the LC Subject Headings with a list of strong and weak points are given which are of pratical and theoretical significances for reference to the subject indexing.3 tabs.9 refs.     

Variations in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) mapping: from the natural language of patron terms to the controlled vocabulary of mapped lists

Objectives: This study compared the mapping of natural language patron terms to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) across six MeSH interfaces for the MEDLINE database.Methods: Test data were obtained from search requests submitted by patrons to the Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, over a nine-month period. Search request statements were parsed into separate terms or phrases. Using print sources from the National Library of Medicine, Each parsed patron term was assigned corresponding MeSH terms. Each patron term was entered into each of the selected interfaces to determine how effectively they mapped to MeSH. Data were collected for mapping success, accessibility of MeSH term within mapped list, and total number of MeSH choices within each list.Results: The selected MEDLINE interfaces do not map the same patron term in the same way, nor do they consistently lead to what is considered the appropriate MeSH term.Conclusions: If searchers utilize the MEDLINE database to its fullest potential by mapping to MeSH, the results of the mapping will vary between interfaces. This variance may ultimately impact the search results. These differences should be considered when choosing a MEDLINE interface and when instructing end users.     

基于心理学视角的信息和知识界定的方法

介绍不同学者对知识和信息的认识,从心理学的角度阐述信息转化为知识的认知机理,并进一步对信息和知识进行分类和定义。指出信息是事物运动的状态和方式;知识是大脑对事物认知的一种模式,知识内信息集经过有机组合形成三种认知模式：情感模式、价值模式和认识模式。     

Three Decades Since Prejudices and Antipathies: A Study of Changes in the Library of Congress Subject Headings

ABSTRACT

The Library of Congress Subject Headings have been criticized for containing biased subject headings. One leading critic has been Sanford Berman, whose 1971 monograph Prejudices and Antipathies: A Tract on the LC Subject Heads Concerning People (P&A), listed a number of objectionable headings and proposed remedies. In the decades since P&A was first published, many of Berman's suggestions have been implemented, while other headings remain unchanged. This paper compiles all of Berman's suggestions and tracks the changes that have occurred; a brief analysis of the remaining areas of bias is included.     

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本文主要对分类主题一体化词表的理论及研制进行述评,包括分类主题一体化研究的发生与发展、分类主题一体化概念、分类法与主题法结合一体的理论及我国检索语言词表研制的发展进程和发展趋势。     

主题法、分类法与Ontology的比较研究

在网络信息时代，如何对海量的信息资源进行有效的组织和高效率的检索，是我们面临的一个突出问题。主题词表、分类表及新兴起的Ontology技术，在这些方面体现出了很强的应用价值。本文通过从不同角度对三者的比较分析，明确了Ontology的优势和关键技术难点，并为Ontology在语义检索中的应用研究打下了基础。     

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对手检式主题索引款目的著录格式、款目结构和编排方法发表看法。     

主题词与关键词相结合的词表在网络信息处理中的应用

分析网络环境下传统主题词表和关键词表在文献信息处理中的不足之处,由此提出一种将主题词表和关键词表结合起来,保留各自的特点和优势的新的词表标引与检索方法。